Algorithmic steering in bottlenecks · Love parade 2010 . 20. September 2014 | M. Chraibi 5...
Transcript of Algorithmic steering in bottlenecks · Love parade 2010 . 20. September 2014 | M. Chraibi 5...
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Force-based modeling of pedestrian dynamics
Algorithmic steering in bottlenecks
18.09.2014
Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Mohcine Chraibi Jülich Supercomputing Centre
Research Centre Jülich
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Outlook
Motivation and problem statement
Operational modeling of pedestrian dynamics
Geometrical representation of pedestrians
Steering of pedestrians through bottlenecks
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Motivation and Problem Statement
Viewpoint of a physicist
Self-driven particles
Pedestrians
Vehicles
Molecular motors
Animals (swarms)
Interests
Transport properties
Jams and critical congestions
Self organization and collective phenomena
…
Interested in the “why-question”
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Motivation and Problem Statement
Viewpoint of an engineer
Aims
Design of escape routes
Safety at big events
Design of transport
infrastructures
…
Tools and methods
Legal regulations (prescriptive method)
Guidelines and handbooks (macroscopic models)
Computer simulations (microscopic models)
Interested in the “what-question” (need numbers)
Love parade 2010
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20. September 2014 | M. Chraibi 5
OPERATIVE MODELING
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Mathematical Modeling of Pedestrian Dynamics
Discrete in space
Rule-based
Fast
Cellular automata (Nishinari‘s talk)
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Mathematical Modeling of Pedestrian Dynamics
Discrete in space
Rule-based
Fast
Continuous in space
Force-based
Computationally intensive
Cellular automata (Nishinari‘s talk)
Force-based models
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Calculation of evacuation time
for a simple room
Test of Aseri, PedGo, Simulex
and BuildingExodus with very
simple geometries
Computer Simulation (State of the Art)
Diploma thesis, C. Rogsch, University Wuppertal
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How to quantify the “goodness” of a model?
Computer Simulation (State of the Art)
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Equation of motion
Force-based Models
Parallel update
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Repulsive forces
Force-based Models
Social forces
Physical forces (contact)
Attraction forces
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Torque forces
Force-based Models
Social torque
Contact torque
Viscous torque
Attractive torque (?)
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Conflict detection/avoidance
Force-based Models
Rules to manage collisions
Prohibition of overlapping (tunneling)
… by restriction of state of variables
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Complexity-controllability tradeoff
Force-based Models
K. Hirai & K. Tarui, a Simulation of a Crowd in Panic (1975)
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Complexity-controllability tradeoff
Force-based Models
K. Hirai & K. Tarui, a Simulation of a Crowd in Panic (1975)
Human movement is per se complex
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Complexity-controllability tradeoff
Force-based Models
K. Hirai & K. Tarui, a Simulation of a Crowd in Panic (1975)
Human movement is per se complex
Culture
Motivation
Cooperation/competition
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Complexity-controllability tradeoff
Force-based Models
K. Hirai & K. Tarui, a Simulation of a Crowd in Panic (1975)
Human movement is per se complex
Culture
Motivation
Cooperation/competition
Models tends to be more and more sophisticated
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Complexity-controllability tradeoff
Force-based Models
K. Hirai & K. Tarui, a Simulation of a Crowd in Panic (1975)
Human movement is per se complex
Culture
Motivation
Cooperation/competition
Models tends to be more and more sophisticated … and
uncontrollable
Validation problem
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Example (record of 24 parameters!)
Force-based Models
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20. September 2014 | M. Chraibi 20
JUPEDSIM
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20. September 2014 | M. Chraibi 21
An open source software for pedestrian dynamics (for academic use)
Two models: CA and GCFM
CAD to XML editor
Measurements
www.jupedsim.org
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Generalized Centrifugal Force Model
Chraibi et al. Phys. Rev. E, 2010, 82, 046111
Repulsive force
Driving force
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Quantitative description of different scenarios
with one set of parameters
Small number of parameters (Occam’s razor)
No restriction on the state variables
No “collision detection techniques”
Goals
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20. September 2014 | M. Chraibi 24
GETTING IN SHAPE
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Commonly used shapes
Point
Circle
3-Circle
Spheropolygon (Alonso‘s talk) (cows)
Projection of the Body on 2D Space
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“Body Ellipse”
Slow pedestrians sway and require space laterally
Fast pedestrians require space in the direction of motion
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Velocity-dependent semi-axes
Pedestrians Get in “Shape”
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Quantities of interest
Elliptical Shape
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Quantities of interest
Elliptical Shape
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Comparison of Different Shapes
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Advantages of Elliptical Shape
Simple design
Approximate fairly well space requirement of humans
Simplification of the modeling: Turning
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20. September 2014 | M. Chraibi 32
PART 3: STEERING
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Modeling the Desired Direction
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Modeling the Desired Direction
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Modeling the Desired Direction
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Modeling the Desired Direction
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Influence of the Used Strategy
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Density-dependent Direction (~FF Model)
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Density-dependent Direction (~FF Model)
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Conclusions
Force-based models produce more problems than they solve
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Conclusions
Force-based models produce more problems than they solve
Less is more
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Conclusions
Force-based models produce more problems than they solve
Less is more
First-order (rule-based) models are maybe more appropriate to
adequately reproduce pedestrian dynamics
Robotics
Cooperation (non egoist) steering through bottlenecks.
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Acknowledgment
engineers physicists
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Thank you for your attention!
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Comparison of different shapes