Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial...

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Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial Contents These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for providing these notes. 1. Algebraic Number Theory ......................................................... 1 2. Diophantine Equation and Fermats Conjecture .................................... 2 3. Polynomial over the Rational .................................................... 10 4. Degree of Polynomial ............................................................ 10 5. Monic Polynomial ................................................................ 11 6. Division of Polynomial ........................................................... 11 7. Irreducible Polynomial ........................................................... 12 8. Division Algorithm ............................................................... 12 9. Greatest Common Divisor ........................................................ 12 10. Algebraic Number ............................................................... 13 11. Degree of Algebraic Number ..................................................... 14 12. Minimal Polynomial ............................................................. 14 13. Conjugates of an Algebraic Number .............................................. 15 14. Primitive Polynomial ............................................................. 16 15. Product of Polynomial ........................................................... 19 16. Symmetric Polynomial ........................................................... 20 17. Alternative Statement ............................................................ 24 18. Primitive Element ............................................................... 38 19. Eisensteins Irreducibility Eriterion ............................................... 42 20. Algebraic Integer ................................................................. 44 21. The Determinant ................................................................ 51 22. Euclidian Domain ................................................................ 56 23. Quadratic Field .................................................................. 56 24. Square Free Rational Integer ..................................................... 56 25. Prime ............................................................................ 57 26. Ideal ............................................................................. 60 27. Principal Ideal ................................................................... 60 1

Transcript of Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial...

Page 1: Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial Contents These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for

Algebraic Number Theory: Notes

by

Anwar Khan

Partial Contents

These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for providing thesenotes.

1. Algebraic Number Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. Diophantine Equation and Fermats Conjecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3. Polynomial over the Rational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4. Degree of Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5. Monic Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

6. Division of Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7. Irreducible Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

8. Division Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

9. Greatest Common Divisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

10. Algebraic Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

11. Degree of Algebraic Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

12. Minimal Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

13. Conjugates of an Algebraic Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

14. Primitive Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

15. Product of Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

16. Symmetric Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

17. Alternative Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

18. Primitive Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

19. Eisensteins Irreducibility Eriterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

20. Algebraic Integer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

21. The Determinant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

22. Euclidian Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

23. Quadratic Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

24. Square Free Rational Integer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

25. Prime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

26. Ideal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

27. Principal Ideal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

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28. Congruence of an Ideal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

29. Norm f an Ideal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

30. Decrement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

31. Units and Primes in R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

32. Unique Factorization Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

33. Arithmetic of an Ideal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

34. Prime Ideal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

35. Equivalent Ideal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

36. Cyclotomic Field KP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

37. Pure Cubic Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

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Algebraic Number Theory

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Diophantion Equation and Fermat's Conjecture (1601-1665)

Note:

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Theorem:

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Theorem:

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Ploynomial Over the Rationals

Degree of Polynomial

Polynomial over the Rationals

Degree of Polynomial:-

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Monic PolynomialMonic Polynomical

Division of Polynomial

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Irreducible Polynomial

Division Algorithem

Greatest Common Divisor

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Remark

Algebraic Number

Note

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Degree of Algebraic Number

Minimal Polynomial

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Conjugates of an Algebraic Number

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Primitive Polynomial

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Theorem

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Product of Polynomial

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Symmetric Polynomial

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Note

Theorem

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Aternative Statment

Theorem

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Proof

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Definition

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Defintion

e.g;-

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Theorem

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Theoremi)

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ii)

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Definition

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Theorem;-

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DefinitionPrimitive Element

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Question

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Eienstein's Irreduciblity Eriterion

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Theorem;-

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Page 106: Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial Contents These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for
Page 107: Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial Contents These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for
Page 108: Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial Contents These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for
Page 109: Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial Contents These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for
Page 110: Algebraic Number Theory: Notes - MathCity.org Algebraic Number Theory: Notes by Anwar Khan Partial Contents These are handwritten notes. We are very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for