Alexander the Great and Dad

Chapter 6 section 3

Chapter Review

• The Greeks used more ______ _______ than the Egyptians in their art

• What did they use to make their statues more lifelike?

• Another name for the sin of pride

• Who was Socrates student?

• What is another name for a lover of wisdom?

Europe before Philip II was on the move

Philip II of Macedon

• Macedon was a rising kingdom in the Macedonian region North of Greece

• They were not warlike people• The kings could only rule with the help of

nobles• In 359 Philip became King• As a youth he had been held hostage in

Thebes for three years• During that time he learned of the

organization of the Thebes army

Philip II

Philips Rise• Philip did not want to depend on nobles to

support his rule• He organized the best army in

Macedonian history• {Philips admiration of Greek ways led to

his conquering Greece} • He organized his infantry into a phalanx or

rows of soldiers shoulder to shoulder• His first goal was to restore order to

Macedon

Philip II riding into battle

Philip keeps rising

• He quickly won control of several Athenian colonies

• Then he turned his army South to mainland Greece

• The Greeks saw Philip in different ways• Some saw him as a savior that could unify

Greece• Others felt he threatened their freedom• He united Greece under his rule after the battle

of Chaeronea• He died before he could invade Persia

What Philip conquered

Alexander the Great

Alexander The Great• He was the son of Philip who gave him the best

education and training possible• {He received his training in the Macedonian

Army}• He got his formal education from Aristotle• He was more skilled than his father in military

tactics• Because of this his troops willingly followed him

into battle• After Philips death he crushed the rebellions in

Greece and {set out to conquer the known world}

Alexander moves East• By 331 BC he had completely destroyed Persia

and in the process conquered Egypt, Syria, Asia minor and Mesopotamia

• What Alexander wanted to do was to bring all of these under one empire

• He kept his troops moving East ending up at the Indus river

• Alexander wanted to go on but the troops had seen too much fighting and refused to keep going

• He led his troops back to Persia

Alexander returns home

• Alexander led his troops into Persian and to the Indian Ocean where he split them up

• Part of the troops traveled by sea to meet up with Alexander in the city of Susa

• Meanwhile Alexander led the rest of his troops through the desert many of them dyeing from exposure and lack of food and water

• What was left of his troops met up with the others in Susa and headed to Babylon

• In Babylon Alexander became seriously ill and died in June 323 BC at the age of 32

The Spread of Greek culture• {Alexander purposely spread Greek culture

where ever his armies marched}• He founded many cities in other regions many of

them named Alexandria • Under his leadership Macedonians, Greeks and

Persians worked together to govern his empire• He married two Persian noble women and

required his generals to marry Persian women sometimes at mass weddings

• This new Greek like way of life became known as the Hellenistic culture

{Hellenistic Culture

• It combined ideas of the Greek Mediterranean and Asian culture

• This was the time between Alexander's death and the Roman conquest of Greece}

• After Alexander’s death his generals competed for his empire

• Three generals divided the empire amongst themselves into Macedon, Egypt, and Syria

• These three new rulers spent much of their wealth and energy on war

• He Conquered all this before he was 33

• He started when he was 20

• What do you plan on doing with the next 18 yrs of your life?

Section Review

• Where did Alexander the Great get his military training?

• What was Alexander's ultimate goal?

• What did Alexander spread wherever he marched?

• What was spread in the time between Alexander's death and the Roman conquest of Greece