Alexander-Alexander-Empire BuilderEmpire Builder

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ReviewReview

What money did Pericles use to strengthen the What money did Pericles use to strengthen the democracy and glorify Athens?democracy and glorify Athens?

Money from the Delian LeagueMoney from the Delian League How big was Athens’ navy?How big was Athens’ navy? 200 ships200 ships What were the 2 types of dramas Athenians What were the 2 types of dramas Athenians

enjoyed?enjoyed? Tragedy and comedyTragedy and comedy What was the war between Athens and Sparta What was the war between Athens and Sparta

called?called? The Peloponnesian WarThe Peloponnesian War Who won the Peloponnesian War?Who won the Peloponnesian War? SpartaSparta Who was Socrates’ student and Aristotle’s teacher?Who was Socrates’ student and Aristotle’s teacher? Plato Plato

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Philip Builds Macedonia’ s Philip Builds Macedonia’ s PowerPower

The Peloponnesian war weakened the The Peloponnesian war weakened the Greek city-statesGreek city-states

Even after war is over, they’re still Even after war is over, they’re still fighting fighting

Philip II took note of this- had dreamed Philip II took note of this- had dreamed of taking control of Greece first, then of taking control of Greece first, then move on to Persia and its richesmove on to Persia and its riches

Philip also wanted to avenge the Philip also wanted to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 490 B.C.Persian invasion of Greece in 490 B.C.

The Place….MacedoniaThe Place….Macedonia

Region just north Region just north

of Greeceof Greece King was PhilipKing was Philip

http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/32/Idh5pWvr8yU32/Idh5pWvr8yU

Philip’s PlanPhilip’s Plan Philip became king Philip became king

of Macedonia at age of Macedonia at age 23, quickly proved 23, quickly proved to be a worthy to be a worthy general and leadergeneral and leader

Trained special Trained special army to defeat army to defeat GreeceGreece

Organized his troops Organized his troops into phalanxes 16 into phalanxes 16 men across and 16 men across and 16 men deepmen deep

The WarningThe Warning

Demosthenes (Athenian orator) tried to Demosthenes (Athenian orator) tried to warn the Greeks the threat Philip and his warn the Greeks the threat Philip and his army imposedarmy imposed

The Greek city-states couldn’t get it The Greek city-states couldn’t get it together and decide on a policy to defeat together and decide on a policy to defeat PhilipPhilip

By the time Thebes and Athens banned By the time Thebes and Athens banned together to fight, it was too latetogether to fight, it was too late

They were defeated at the battle of They were defeated at the battle of ChaeroneaChaeronea

Philip could never see his plan of taking Philip could never see his plan of taking Persia put into action because he was Persia put into action because he was stabbed to death at his daughter’s stabbed to death at his daughter’s wedding by a former guardsmanwedding by a former guardsman

Some say his wife Olympia was the Some say his wife Olympia was the mastermind behind the murder so her mastermind behind the murder so her son, Alexander, could become kingson, Alexander, could become king

AlexanderAlexander

Philip’s son, Alexander was proclaimed kingPhilip’s son, Alexander was proclaimed king His life long accomplishments give him the His life long accomplishments give him the

name, Alexander the Greatname, Alexander the Great Became king at age 20Became king at age 20 Was well educated in many fieldsWas well educated in many fields Inspirations come from heroic deeds of Inspirations come from heroic deeds of

Achilles in the Illiad, even kept a copy under Achilles in the Illiad, even kept a copy under his pillowhis pillow

Learned how to fight and become a good Learned how to fight and become a good soldier at early agesoldier at early age

At age 8 was able to tame a horse that none At age 8 was able to tame a horse that none of his father’s grooms could manageof his father’s grooms could manage

Don’t mess with Alex!Don’t mess with Alex! When Thebes, a When Thebes, a

central city-state in central city-state in Greece, rebelled, Greece, rebelled, Alexander destroyed Alexander destroyed the city killing the city killing 60,000, and sold 60,000, and sold survivors into slaverysurvivors into slavery

Other Greek city-Other Greek city-states were states were frightened of his frightened of his cruelty and gave up cruelty and gave up any idea of a any idea of a rebellionrebellion

Invasion of PersiaInvasion of Persia

With Greece secure, Alexander was With Greece secure, Alexander was ready to invade Persiaready to invade Persia

In 334 B.C. he led 35,000 soldiers In 334 B.C. he led 35,000 soldiers into the Anatoliainto the Anatolia

A Persian army of 40,000 greeted A Persian army of 40,000 greeted them at the Granicus Riverthem at the Granicus River

Alexander made the first move and Alexander made the first move and crushed the Persian defensescrushed the Persian defenses

Darius III Darius III

Persian King Darius III vows to crush the Persian King Darius III vows to crush the Macedonians and raises an army of Macedonians and raises an army of 50,000-75,000 men50,000-75,000 men

The two armies meet up near IssusThe two armies meet up near Issus Alexander knowing he is outnumbered, Alexander knowing he is outnumbered,

orders his men to penetrate through a orders his men to penetrate through a weak spot and charged at Dariusweak spot and charged at Darius

The frightened king fled, and his army The frightened king fled, and his army then followedthen followed

Victory gave Alexander control over the Victory gave Alexander control over the AnatoliaAnatolia

Alexander’s Ambitions GrowAlexander’s Ambitions Grow

Darius tried to negotiate a peace Darius tried to negotiate a peace settlement and offered Alexander the settlement and offered Alexander the western half of his empirewestern half of his empire

Alexander’s advisors urged him to Alexander’s advisors urged him to acceptaccept

Alexander declined and wanted to Alexander declined and wanted to take it alltake it all

EgyptEgypt He started first with Egypt, which was a He started first with Egypt, which was a

Persian territory at the timePersian territory at the time Egyptians saw Alexander as a liberator Egyptians saw Alexander as a liberator

from the Persians and made him a Pharaohfrom the Persians and made him a Pharaoh Alexander founded the city of Alexandria Alexander founded the city of Alexandria

shortly aftershortly after

BY THE WAY….BY THE WAY….

Alexander founded, or conquered 70 Alexander founded, or conquered 70 cities……and named most of them cities……and named most of them Alexandria!Alexandria!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvRhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvRWUCfAPs0WUCfAPs0

After leaving Egypt, focused on taking After leaving Egypt, focused on taking Persia’s mainlandPersia’s mainland

Again, Darius collected an army- this time Again, Darius collected an army- this time 250,000 soldiers250,000 soldiers

Two armies met up at GaugamelaTwo armies met up at Gaugamela

Alexander takes PersiaAlexander takes Persia

Alexander launched a massive phalanx Alexander launched a massive phalanx attack followed by a Calvary chargeattack followed by a Calvary charge

As Persian lines crumbled, Darius again, As Persian lines crumbled, Darius again, panicked and fledpanicked and fled

Alexander’s victory at Guagamela ended Alexander’s victory at Guagamela ended Persia’s powerPersia’s power

Macedonian troops marched through Macedonian troops marched through Persia’s wealthiest provinces unopposedPersia’s wealthiest provinces unopposed

Persian’s fell down before Alexander Persian’s fell down before Alexander and made him feel like a godand made him feel like a god

This flattered Alexander, but made This flattered Alexander, but made some of his officers jealoussome of his officers jealous

Alexander’s oldest friend and trusted Alexander’s oldest friend and trusted soldier, Cletus, had too much to drink soldier, Cletus, had too much to drink one night and told other soldiers that one night and told other soldiers that Alexander was “turning into a Persian”- Alexander was “turning into a Persian”-

Alexander ran a spear through himAlexander ran a spear through him

Finding DariusFinding Darius Alexander was more Alexander was more

interested in interested in making his empire making his empire larger than larger than governing it and governing it and focused on remote focused on remote Asian provinces and Asian provinces and finding Dariusfinding Darius

He finally found He finally found Darius- he was dead Darius- he was dead and had been killed and had been killed by one of his own by one of his own menmen

Keeps going…Keeps going…

Even though Darius is dead, and Even though Darius is dead, and Alexander had conquered the Persian Alexander had conquered the Persian empire, he wants to conquer more land empire, he wants to conquer more land and get to the edge of the continentand get to the edge of the continent

Alexander’s army proceeded into Alexander’s army proceeded into central Asiacentral Asia

When reaching the Indus valley, an When reaching the Indus valley, an army of Indians was waiting with 200 army of Indians was waiting with 200 elephantselephants

…….and going.and going

After beating the Indian army with After beating the Indian army with elephants, Alexander continued elephants, Alexander continued another 200 milesanother 200 miles

Morale was lowMorale was low Had been fighting 11 years and Had been fighting 11 years and

marched more than 11,000 miles, marched more than 11,000 miles, enduring torrential rains and grueling enduring torrential rains and grueling desertsdeserts

While crossing a dry hot desert, While crossing a dry hot desert, everyone was thirsty, some of the everyone was thirsty, some of the men collected water in their helmet men collected water in their helmet to present and offer to their generalto present and offer to their general

Alexander saw an opportunity to Alexander saw an opportunity to inspire his men by sharing their inspire his men by sharing their hardship and poured out the water, hardship and poured out the water, stating if everyone can not drink, stating if everyone can not drink, than neither will Ithan neither will I

The end of Alexander The end of Alexander Alexander reluctantly agreed to turn back Alexander reluctantly agreed to turn back

and returned to Babylonand returned to Babylon Alexander announced he wanted to unify Alexander announced he wanted to unify

his territory by conquering more land and his territory by conquering more land and began his plans, but wasn’t able to carry began his plans, but wasn’t able to carry them outthem out

1 year after his return, he became sick 1 year after his return, he became sick from an illness and died 11 days later, 1 from an illness and died 11 days later, 1 month short of his 33month short of his 33rdrd birthday birthday

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An Empire SplitAn Empire Split

Three generals won control over the Three generals won control over the empire, and became kings of their portionempire, and became kings of their portion

Ptolemy took Egypt and became a Pharaoh Ptolemy took Egypt and became a Pharaoh Antigonus became king of Macedonia and Antigonus became king of Macedonia and

took control of the Greek city-statestook control of the Greek city-states Seleucus took most of the Persian Empire, Seleucus took most of the Persian Empire,

which became known as the Seleucid which became known as the Seleucid Empire Empire

All governed with complete power over All governed with complete power over their subjectstheir subjects

Alexander’s LegacyAlexander’s Legacy

Alexander’s conquests ended the Alexander’s conquests ended the idea of Greek city-statesidea of Greek city-states

Alexander himself adopted Persian Alexander himself adopted Persian dress and customs, and even dress and customs, and even married a Persian woman- Darius’s married a Persian woman- Darius’s daughter!daughter!

He included Persians and people He included Persians and people from other lands in his armyfrom other lands in his army

Tribute to Alexander Tribute to Alexander

After Alexander died, followers spent 2 After Alexander died, followers spent 2 years building an incredible funeral wagonyears building an incredible funeral wagon

They kept Alexander’s body smothered in They kept Alexander’s body smothered in honey to keep his body from decomposinghoney to keep his body from decomposing

Once the wagon was finished, they set Once the wagon was finished, they set 1,500 miles west to return Alexander’s 1,500 miles west to return Alexander’s body to Macedoniabody to Macedonia

Alexander’s TombAlexander’s Tomb Alexander’s body never got to Alexander’s body never got to

MacedoniaMacedonia Ptolemy, the General now ruler of Ptolemy, the General now ruler of

Egypt, diverted the funeral procession Egypt, diverted the funeral procession to Alexandria, Egypt, one of the cities to Alexandria, Egypt, one of the cities Alexander named for himselfAlexander named for himself

This alone gave Ptolemy better status This alone gave Ptolemy better status in the eyes of the Egyptians in the eyes of the Egyptians

His tomb was kept in Alexandria, His tomb was kept in Alexandria, Egypt for centuries Egypt for centuries

Where is it now? Where is it now?

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Assignment:Assignment: Create a political cartoon about a Create a political cartoon about a

part of Alexander’s journeypart of Alexander’s journey

Quotes by Alexander the Great:

A tomb now suffices him for whom the whole world was not sufficient.

Heaven cannot brook two suns, nor earth two masters.

How great are the dangers I face to win a good name in Athens.

I am dying from the treatment of too many physicians.

I am dying with the help of too many physicians.

I am indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for living well.

I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep; I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion.

I would rather excel others in the knowledge of what is excellent than in the extent of my powers and dominion.

Remember upon the conduct of each depends the fate of all.

There is nothing impossible to him who will try.