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Alcohols, phenols &ethers

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Alcohols and phenols may be viewed as organic derivatives of water. Alcohols and phenols have a common functional group, the hydroxyl group, OH. Alcohols, and Phenols In alcohols the hydroxyl group is attached to an alkyl group, R. In phenols the hydroxyl function is attached to an aromatic ring, Ar. Alcohols are classified into: Classification and Nomenclature of Alcohols

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1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain that contains OH group. Replace the ending the suffix -ol. IUPAC Name 2. If a molecule contains both an -OH group and a C=C or CC triple bond. - The name should include both the hydroxyl and the unsaturated groups. - If a compound contains both OH and a double or triple bond, choose the chain that include them both even if this is not the longest chain. - The -OH group takes preference before the double or triple bonds in getting the lower number. -

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3. In the IUPAC system. The suffix diol is added to the name of the parent hydrocarbon when there are two OH groups. triol is added when there are three OH group 4- Cyclic alcohol, no. starts from C near to OH Two OH groups on adjacent carbons are known as 1,2-glycols.

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Primary alcohol CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH Common Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Allyl alcohol IUPAC Methanol Ethanol 2-Propen-1-ol Secondary and tertiary alcohol Common name listing the alkyl substitutents attached to the hydroxyl group, followed by the word alcohol.

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Physical Properties of Alcohols As the number of carbons in the alcohol increases, the solubility in water decreases. when No. of OH Soluble. in H 2 O inc. The Increase of alcohol BP. is due to the presence of hydrogen bonding The boiling points increase with increase in molecular weights. Triols Diols and are more soluble in water than monohydroxy alcohols. Solubility Boiling points BP. In straight chains is higher than branched

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Alcohols are week acids. In isomer BP. Dec. with in alkyl gp. 3 < 2