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WHAT IS ALCOHOL?WHAT IS ALCOHOL?WHAT IS ALCOHOL?WHAT IS ALCOHOL?

Alcohol is the MOST ABUSED drug by Soldiers.Alcohol is the MOST ABUSED drug by Soldiers.

Alcohol is a colorless and pungent liquid that can be Alcohol is a colorless and pungent liquid that can be found in beverages such as wine, beer, and liquor.found in beverages such as wine, beer, and liquor.

Alcohol is a Central Nervous System (CNS) Alcohol is a Central Nervous System (CNS) depressant.depressant.

Alcohol is considered to be a gateway drug to other Alcohol is considered to be a gateway drug to other drug use.drug use.

People who drink alcohol are more prone to divorce People who drink alcohol are more prone to divorce and suicide than the rest of the population.and suicide than the rest of the population.

WHAT IS ALCOHOL?WHAT IS ALCOHOL?WHAT IS ALCOHOL?WHAT IS ALCOHOL?

A standard alcohol drink is considered to be:A standard alcohol drink is considered to be: One 12-ounce bottle of beerOne 12-ounce bottle of beer One 5-ounce glass of wineOne 5-ounce glass of wine 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.

Alcohol is also known as: Alcohol is also known as: BoozeBooze JuiceJuice SauceSauce GrogGrog PissPiss

WHAT IS BLOOD ALCOHOL WHAT IS BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC)?CONTENT (BAC)?

WHAT IS BLOOD ALCOHOL WHAT IS BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC)?CONTENT (BAC)?

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) - The amount of alcohol - The amount of alcohol present in a 100 milliliter (mL) volume of blood.present in a 100 milliliter (mL) volume of blood.

The BAC is related to the users:The BAC is related to the users: Body Weight Body Weight MetabolismMetabolismDrinking Speed – Someone that ‘chugs’ their Drinking Speed – Someone that ‘chugs’ their

drink will have a higher BAC than someone drink will have a higher BAC than someone that ‘sips’ the same amount of alcohol.that ‘sips’ the same amount of alcohol.

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BACEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BACEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BACEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BAC

.02 - .03 BAC .02 - .03 BAC – – No loss of coordination, slight euphoria and loss No loss of coordination, slight euphoria and loss of shyness. of shyness. Depressant effects are not apparent.Depressant effects are not apparent.

.04 - .06 BAC.04 - .06 BAC – Feeling of well-being, relaxation, euphoria, and – Feeling of well-being, relaxation, euphoria, and lower inhibitions. Minor impairment of lower inhibitions. Minor impairment of reasoning and reasoning and memory. memory. .05 IS THE LEGAL .05 IS THE LEGAL LIMIT IN THE U.S. ARMY.LIMIT IN THE U.S. ARMY.

.07 - .09 BAC .07 - .09 BAC – Slight impairment of balance, speech, vision, – Slight impairment of balance, speech, vision, and reaction time. Judgment and self-control and reaction time. Judgment and self-control

are reduced, caution and reason are impaired. are reduced, caution and reason are impaired. IN MOST STATES THE LEGAL LIMIT IS .08.IN MOST STATES THE LEGAL LIMIT IS .08.

.1 - .125 BAC.1 - .125 BAC – Significant impairment of motor coordination and loss of good – Significant impairment of motor coordination and loss of good judgment. Speech is slurred and balance, vision, reaction judgment. Speech is slurred and balance, vision, reaction

time, time, and hearing are impaired. and hearing are impaired. IT IS ILLEGAL IN ALL STATES IT IS ILLEGAL IN ALL STATES TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE AT THIS STAGE.TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE AT THIS STAGE.

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BACEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BACEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BACEFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND BAC

.13 - .15.13 - .15 BAC BAC - - Gross motor impairment and lack of physical control. Blurred Gross motor impairment and lack of physical control. Blurred vision and serious loss of balance. Euphoria is reduced and vision and serious loss of balance. Euphoria is reduced and dysphoria (anxiety, restlessness) begins to appear.dysphoria (anxiety, restlessness) begins to appear.

.16 - .20 BAC.16 - .20 BAC – Dysphoria predominates, nausea begins to appear. The drinker – Dysphoria predominates, nausea begins to appear. The drinker appears to be a appears to be a “sloppy drunk”“sloppy drunk”..

.25 BAC .25 BAC - Needs assistance in walking; total mental confusion. Dysphoria - Needs assistance in walking; total mental confusion. Dysphoria with nausea and some vomiting.with nausea and some vomiting.

.30 BAC .30 BAC - Loss of consciousness.- Loss of consciousness.

.40 .40 ≤ BAC≤ BAC - Coma, and possible death due to respiratory arrest. - Coma, and possible death due to respiratory arrest.

IMMEDIATE PHYSICAL IMMEDIATE PHYSICAL EFFECTSEFFECTS

IMMEDIATE PHYSICAL IMMEDIATE PHYSICAL EFFECTSEFFECTS

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting

Blurred VisionBlurred Vision

UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness

Impaired Motor SkillsImpaired Motor Skills

DizzinessDizziness

Enlarged HeartEnlarged Heart

High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure

Slurred SpeechSlurred Speech

Loss of InhibitionsLoss of Inhibitions

Slow ReactionsSlow Reactions

Irregular PulseIrregular Pulse

StaggeringStaggering

PHYSICAL SIGNS OF USEPHYSICAL SIGNS OF USEPHYSICAL SIGNS OF USEPHYSICAL SIGNS OF USE

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting

Blurred VisionBlurred Vision

UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness Alcohol Odor on Alcohol Odor on BreathBreath

DizzinessDizziness

Enlarged HeartEnlarged Heart

High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure

Slurred SpeechSlurred Speech

Dilated PupilsDilated Pupils

Slow ReactionsSlow Reactions

Overdose/DeathOverdose/Death

Irregular PulseIrregular Pulse

LONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTS

Vitamin DeficienciesVitamin Deficiencies

Loss of Feeling in Loss of Feeling in Hands/Feet Hands/Feet

Lung DiseaseLung Disease

Blood DisordersBlood Disorders

Heart DisordersHeart Disorders

Brain DamageBrain Damage

Skin ProblemsSkin Problems

Small Intestine DamageSmall Intestine Damage

Loss of Muscle TissueLoss of Muscle Tissue

Stomach DamageStomach Damage

Sexual ImpotenceSexual Impotence

Liver Cirrhosis/CancerLiver Cirrhosis/Cancer

DeathDeath

Pregnancy ComplicationsPregnancy Complications

ALCOHOL WITHDRAWALALCOHOL WITHDRAWALALCOHOL WITHDRAWALALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL

• When a alcohol dependent person stops consuming When a alcohol dependent person stops consuming alcohol they may experience withdrawal symptoms:alcohol they may experience withdrawal symptoms:

Auditory HallucinationsAuditory Hallucinations Paranoid BehaviorParanoid Behavior Body Trembles, “The Shakes”, this can occur as early as 12 Body Trembles, “The Shakes”, this can occur as early as 12

hours after the last drink.hours after the last drink.

• The alcohol dependent person may also show minor The alcohol dependent person may also show minor signs of withdrawal:signs of withdrawal:

AgitationAgitation Profuse SweatingProfuse Sweating Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting Incoherent SpeechIncoherent Speech

ALCOHOL WITHDRAWALALCOHOL WITHDRAWALALCOHOL WITHDRAWALALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL

• The addicted individual can also suffer extremely The addicted individual can also suffer extremely serious, and sometimes fatal, side effects of alcohol serious, and sometimes fatal, side effects of alcohol withdrawal:withdrawal:

• Delirium Tremens (DTs)Delirium Tremens (DTs) - - A disorder involving A disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes (psychosis) or sudden and severe mental changes (psychosis) or neurologic changes (including seizures) caused by neurologic changes (including seizures) caused by stopping the use of alcohol.stopping the use of alcohol.

• Alcoholic Psychoses, when the addicted person is Alcoholic Psychoses, when the addicted person is scared of imaginary small animals, and horrible scared of imaginary small animals, and horrible sights and sounds.sights and sounds.

ALCOHOL USE IN THE UNITED ALCOHOL USE IN THE UNITED STATESSTATES

ALCOHOL USE IN THE UNITED ALCOHOL USE IN THE UNITED STATESSTATES

2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse

Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use

Among Persons Aged 18-25, 1999 and 2000Among Persons Aged 18-25, 1999 and 2000

Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use

Among Persons Aged 18-25, 1999 and 2000Among Persons Aged 18-25, 1999 and 2000

57.2 56.8

37.9 37.8

13.3 12.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Any Use "Binge" Use Heavy Use

19992000

ADDITIONAL RESOURCESADDITIONAL RESOURCESADDITIONAL RESOURCESADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/• http://ncadi.samhsa.govhttp://ncadi.samhsa.gov• http://www.edrugrehab.com/drugs/alcoholhttp://www.edrugrehab.com/drugs/alcohol• http://www.aa.orghttp://www.aa.org• http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/

UNITED STATESUNITED STATESARMY CENTER FOR ARMY CENTER FOR

SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMSSUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS

For more Information Contactthe Fort Lee ASAP Office:

(804) 734-9079 E-mail: usarmy.lee.imcom.mbx.leee-ima-adco@mail.mil