Alcohol Related Motor Vehicle, Pedestrian, and Pedalcycle Injury in San Diego County

County of San Diego Division of Emergency Medical Services

EMS

Alcohol Related Motor Vehicle, Pedestrian, and Pedalcycle Injury in San Diego County

Edward M. Castillo, PhD

Alan M. Smith, MPH

Barbara M. Stepanski, MPH

Leslie Upledger Ray, MA, MPPA

Patti A. Murrin, RN, MPH

County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency

Division of Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

Research Data Systems


EMS

Background

• Motor Vehicle Crashes– 40% of all traffic fatalities are alcohol

related– 310,000 persons injured in alcohol-related

crashes– 3 in every 10 Americans will be involved in

an alcohol-related crash


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Background (cont)

• Pedestrian crashes– Drastic effect on individuals and

communities– Account for 12% of all deaths related to

motor vehicle crashes in the US– Alcohol involvement among pedestrians in

such crashes is 37 percent


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Previous Outlet Research

• Treno et al. (2001) – alcohol outlet density related to self-reported injury

• Escobedo et al. (2002)– alcohol outlet density related to suicide, alcohol-

related crash (fatal and non-fatal)

• Gruenewald et al (2002)– alcohol outlet density related to self-reported

drinking and driving


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Research Questions

• How do the patterns of alcohol-involved motor vehicle, motorcycle, pedestrian, and pedalcycle crashes differ?

• Is there a relationship between on-site alcohol consumption sites and these types of crashes?


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Data Sources

• Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS)

– Statewide database for motor vehicle related injury crashes

in California

• San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG)

– Population Estimates

• State of California, Department of Alcoholic Beverage

Control

– Alcohol license data


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Methods

• SWITRS Data– One or more of the party types involved is

determined by the officer to have been drinking • Fault of crash is assigned by the officer

– Includes motor vehicle occupant, motorcycle, pedestrian, and pedalcycle

• Alcohol Outlets– 5270 of 5281 (99.7%) alcoholic beverage licenses

in San Diego County were geocoded using ArcView 3.2A

• 3432 on-site• 1838 off-site


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Methods

• Crash data evaluated by type, time of crash (crash data not victim data)

• Crash mapped in relation to onsite alcohol consumption outlet – Buffer zones created around outlets

• 200,500,1000 meters

– Comparison of crashes in and out of buffer zones


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San Diego County

• 2.8 million population

• Diverse population living in urban, suburban, and rural areas

• Popular tourist location - 15 million overnight tourists annually

• Largest military installation in continental US

• World’s busiest border crossing


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Type of Crashes in SD County

SWITRS Crash Statistics, San Diego County, 2001

Motor Vehicle13177 (83%)

Pedalcycle701 (4%)

Pedestrian1030 (7%)

Motorcycle876 (6%)


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Involvement of Alcohol

Type of Crash Total

Alcohol-

Involved

At Fault

(w/alcohol)

Motor Vehicle 13177 1764 (13%) 1624 (92%)

Motorcycle 876 96 (11%) 67 (70%)

Pedestrian 1030 147 (14%) 73 (50%)

Pedalcycle 701 65 (8%) 44 (68%)


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Hour of Day: Motor Vehicle

Alcohol Involved Motor Vehicle Occupant Crashes in San Diego County, SWITRS, 2001

020406080

100120140160180200

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 1

Hour of Crash

Nu

mb

er


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Fault and Time of Day:Pedestrian and Pedalcycle

Alcohol-Involved Pedestrian/Pedalcycle Crashes, San Diego County, SWITRS, 2001

0

5

10

15

20

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2

Hour of Crash

Nu

mb

er

No Alcohol Alcohol At-FaultAlcohol Not At-Fault Alcohol Fault Not Assigned


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Conclusions• Patterns of alcohol-involved crashes

– Male, young to middle age– MV crashes increase until ‘closing time’– Pedestrian/pedalcycle crashes most

common between 4 and 10PM

• Relationship between crashes and on-site consumption sites– Pedestrian/pedalcycle crash and on-site

outlet association (at 200 meters)– No other association noted


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Limitations

• Ecologic Study Design– Hypothesis generating– Confounding factors

• Surveillance Data– Limitations for research


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Future Research

• Utilizing additional data, such as SES, prehospital, or medical examiner

• Additional subjects– Injury– Violence

• More rigorous study methodologies


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Acknowledgements

• The data collection efforts of the police and sheriff deputies throughout San Diego County are gratefully acknowledged, as is the cooperation of State staff for providing the SWITRS data to San Diego County.


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Contact Information

Edward M. Castillo, PhDCounty of San Diego

Health and Human Services AgencyEmergency Medical Services

6255 Mission Gorge RoadSan Diego, CA 92120 (619) 285-6429 phone

(619) 285-6531 [email protected]

Alcohol Related Motor Vehicle, Pedestrian, and Pedalcycle Injury in San Diego County

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