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Alcohol Family

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W IN E

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Beer Alcohol Rubbing

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Are you one of those people having a wrong perception regarding the NATURE and APPLICATION of organic compound, ALCOHOL?

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Alcoholic beverages and rubbing alcohol are examples of numerous industrial applications of an alcohol called .. ETHANOL

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ALCOHOL

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OSIRIS

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Brewing from the beginning of civilization in ancient Egypt and alcoholic beverages were very important. Symbolic of this is the fact that while many Gods were local or familial, Osiris, the god of wine, was worshiped throughout the entire country. The Egyptians believed that this important God also invented beer, a beverage that was considered a necessity of life; it was brewed in the home "on an everyday basis." EGYPTIANS

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CHINESE AA variety of alcoholic beverages were used in China since prehistoric times. Alcohol, known in Chinese as Jiu was considered a spiritual food rather than a material (physical) food, and extensive documentary evidence attests to the important role it played in the religious life. "In ancient times people always drank when holding a memorial ceremony, offering sacrifices to gods or their ancestors, pledging resolution before going into battle, celebrating victory, before feuding and official executions, for taking an oath of allegiance, while attending the ceremonies of birth, marriage, reunions, departures, death, and festival banquets."

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MUSLIMS TThe isolation of ethanol (alcohol) as a pure compound was first achieved by Muslim chemists who developed the art of distillation TThe word "alcohol" almost certainly comes from Arabic language "Al" is Arabic word second part may be derived from al-ku l the name of an early distilled substance, or perhaps from al-awl, meaning "spirit" or "demon being called "spirits" in English.

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But .. the reality, is that there are thousands of different compounds that belong to Alcohol Family. METHANOL

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2 - PROPANOL

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tert - butanol

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Ethylene glycol

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glycerin

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MENTHOL

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Now the BIG question is What is an ALCOHOL ? Is a compound in which an (OH) group or hydroxyl group is connected to an aliphatic carbon atom.

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PHYSICAL Properties

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ALCOHOL Is a derivative of water in which an ALKYL group has replaced one of the hydrogen atoms of water or simply ALCOHOL exhibits hydrogen bonding. O HH Water CH3 O H Methanol

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That property or . HYDROGEN BONDING results to much higher boiling point of ALCOHOL compares to other classes of organic compounds.

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ALCOHOLS with one to five carbon atoms are soluble in water because alcohols can also form hydrogen bonding with water. But as the number of carbon atoms increases, the polar (OH) group in the alcohol has less effect on SOLUBILITY of ALCOHOL NAMEFORMULAS (g / 100 g H2O) MethanolCH3OHAny amount EthanolCH3CH2OHAny amount PropanolCH3(CH2)2OHAny amount ButanolCH3(CH2)3OH8.3 PentanolCH3(CH2)4OH2.7

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PREPARATIONS How to produce ALCOHOL ?

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NOMENCLATURE

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methanol ethanol propanol 2 propanol 2 methyl 2 propanol

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RULES IN NAMING ALCOHOL Step # 1 Name the longest chain to which the hydroxyl group is attached. The chain name is obtained by dropping the final e from the name of the hydrocarbon that contains the same number of carbon atoms and adding the ending ol.

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123 45 6 7 89 4,4,6,6 tetraethyl 5 methyl 5 nonanol

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Step # 2 Number the longest chain to give the lower number to the carbon with the attached hydroxyl group.

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Step # 3 Locate the position of the hydroxyl group by the number of the carbon atom to which it is attached.

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Step # 4 Locate and name any other groups attached to the chain.

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Step # 5 CCombine the name and location for other groups, the hydroxy group location, and the longest chain into the final name.

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cyclohexanol 1 - propenol 3 - pentynol 2,3 dimethyl 1 hexen 4 yne 1 ol

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Classification of Alcohols

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Primary Alcohol An alcohol in which the OH group is attached to CH3 or to a carbon attached to one other carbon atom. R CH2 OH

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Secondary Alcohol An alcohol in which the carbon bearing the OH group is attached to two other carbon atoms. R CH OH R

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Tertiary Alcohol An alcohol in which the carbon bearing the OH group is attached to three other carbon atoms. C OH R R R

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Chemical Reactions

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Elimination Reactions Oxidation Dehydration