Alcohol & drugs Supervisor (drugs). Warning signs of substance abuse Excessive absences/tardiness...

Alcohol & drugs

Supervisor (drugs)

Warning signs of substance abuse

Excessive absences/tardiness

Frequent requests for time off

Numerous accidents

1a


Pattern of accidents

Noticeable increase in medical insurance claims

1b


Unsatisfactory work performance

Lack of concentration/decreased productivity after lunch/breaks

Long lunch hours

1c


Non-work-related visits from other employees/strangers

Frequent trips to restroom/water fountain

1d


Frequent visits to vehicle/parking lot

Drowsiness, slurred speech, lack of coordination, inability to concentrate, nausea

1e


Agitation, rapid or slurred speech, dizziness, dilated pupils

Bloodshot eyes, runny nose

Drastic weight changes

1f


Marked change in mood, attitude, and behavior

Deterioration in personal grooming/hygiene

1g


Wearing sunglasses and long-sleeved shirts at inappropriate times

Frequent need to borrow money

Avoidance of supervisors

1h

Regulatory requirements

Section 382.307

Section 382.603

2a


Suspicion must be based on specific, contemporaneous, articulable observations concerning appearance, behavior, speech, or body odors

2b


May include the chronic and withdrawal effects of controlled substances

Only one supervisor or company official is required to make the observations

2c


May require a driver to submit to a drug test at any time reasonable suspicion exists while the driver is on duty

2d


A written and signed record of observations must be completed within 24 hours of the observed behavior or before the results are released, whichever is first

2e

Symptoms of drug use

Eyes/facial expression Speech Body movements/coordination Behavior Other

3

Approaching a driver

Explain your concern

Require the driver to go for both alcohol and drug testing

4a


Explain that based on regulations and observations that the driver must be evaluated

Explain that a short health assessment will be done

4b


Do not allow the driver to drive

Driver should be accompanied by company official

4c

Additional approaches/difficult situations

Becomes defensive/denies your comments

Talks non-stop

Cries

5a

Additional approaches/difficult situations

Remains silent

Aggressive/belligerent

Uncooperative

5b

Marijuana

Alters the brain’s interpretation of incoming messages

6a

Marijuana

Leaves

Seeds

Hashish

Smells like a combination of sweet alfalfa and incense

6b

Signs and symptoms of marijuana use

Reddened eyes

Slowed speech

Distinctive odor on clothing

Lackadaisical attitude

7a

Signs and symptoms of marijuana use

Chronic fatigue/lack of motivation

Irritating cough

Chronic sore throat

7b

Health effects of marijuana use

Irritates lungs

One joint = ½ to 1 pack of cigarettes

Causes the heart to race

8a

Health effects of marijuana use

Respiratory and sinus infections

Lowers body’s immune system

Changes brain cells and brain waves

8b

Effects of marijuana on pregnancy

Stillborn births

Early termination of pregnancy

Higher infant mortality rate

Underweight newborn babies

9

Effects of marijuana on mental function

Delayed decision making

Diminished coordination

Impaired short-term memory

Impaired signal detection

10a

Impaired tracking

Erratic cognitive function

Distortion in time estimation

“Acute brain syndrome”

10b

Effects of marijuana on mental function

Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana

Aggressive urges

Anxiety

Confusion

11a

Fearfulness

Hallucinations

Heavy sedation

11b


Immobility

Mental dependency

Panic

11c


Paranoid reaction

Unpleasant distortions in body image

11d


Marijuana’s impact on the workplace

Long term effect on performance

12

Cocaine

Used medically as an anesthetic

Energizes the entire central nervous system

13a

Cocaine

Fine powder

Small crystalline rock (“rock, crack, free base”)

13b

Signs and symptoms of cocaine use

Financial problems

Frequent/extended absences

Increased physical activity and fatigue

14a


Isolation and withdrawal

Secretive behaviors

14b


Frequent non-business visitors, delivered packages, phone calls

Unusual defensiveness, anxiety, agitation

14c


Wide mood swings

Runny or irritated nose

Difficulty concentrating

14d


Dilated pupils and visual impairment

Restlessness

Sensation of bugs crawling on skin

14e


High blood pressure, heart palpitations, irregular rhythm

Hallucinations

14f


Hyperexcitability and overreaction to stimulus

Insomnia

Paranoia

14g


Profuse sweating

Dry mouth

Talkativeness

14h

Health effects of cocaine use

Regular use may upset the brain’s chemical balance

15a

Causes the heart to beat faster

Strong psychological dependency

15b

Health effects of cocaine use

Cocaine’s impact on the workplace

Instability

Lapses in attention

Theft/dealing

16a

Cocaine’s impact on the workplace

Violent behavior

Forgetfulness, absenteeism, tardiness, missed assignments

16b

Opiates

Alleviate pain

Depress body functions and reactions

Strong euphoric feeling

17a

Opiates

Opium

Morphine

Codeine

Heroin

17b

Signs and symptoms of opiate use

Mood changes

Impaired mental functioning

Constricted pupils

Depression and apathy

18a

Signs and symptoms of opiate use

Impaired coordination

Physical fatigue/drowsiness

Nausea, vomiting, constipation

18b

Health effects of opiate use

Hepatitis

AIDS

Can increase pain tolerance

19

The social issues of opiate use

Over 500,000 heroin addicts in U.S.

Even greater number obtain narcotics through prescriptions

Tolerance and dependency cause an increasing financial burden

20

The effect of opiates on the workplace

Impairment of physical and mental function

21

Amphetamines

Central nervous system stimulants

Speed up the mind and body

22a

Amphetamines

Legal use limited to a narrow range of medical conditions

Capsules

Usually taken by mouth

22b

Amphetamines

Methamphetamine

Powder

Taken orally, injected, or snorted

22c

Signs and symptoms of amphetamine use

Hyperexcitability/restlessness

Dilated pupils

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

23a


Heart palpitations/irregular beats

Profuse sweating

Rapid respiration

23b


Confusion

Panic

Talkativeness

Inability to concentrate

23c

Health effects of amphetamine use

Strong psychological dependence

Psychosis

Heart attack/stroke

Heart and brain damage

24a

Impulsive risk-taking behavior

Bizarre and violent acts

Withdrawal from drug may cause severe physical and mental depression

24b

Health effects of amphetamine use

The effect of amphetamine use on the workplace

Physical fatigue and depression makes the operation of equipment or vehicles dangerous

25

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Acts as a depressant and hallucinogen

Sometimes acts as a stimulant

26a

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Powder

May be mixed with marijuana or tobacco and smoked

26b

Signs and symptoms of PCP use

Impaired coordination

Severe confusion and agitation

Extreme mood shift

Muscle rigidity

27a

Jerky eye movements Dilated pupils Profuse sweating Rapid heartbeat Dizziness

27b

Signs and symptoms of PCP use

Health effects of PCP use

Potential for accidents and overdose emergencies high

Can cause irreversible memory loss, personality changes, and thought disorders

28

The effect of PCP on the workplace

Acute toxicity

Toxic psychosis

Drug induced schizophrenia

PCP induced depression

29

Alcohol & drugs Supervisor (drugs). Warning signs of substance abuse Excessive absences/tardiness...

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Transcript of Alcohol & drugs Supervisor (drugs). Warning signs of substance abuse Excessive absences/tardiness...