Alcohol & drugs
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Transcript of Alcohol & drugs
Effects & Risks to Your Health
ALCOHOL & DRUGS
STUDENT EXPECTATIONSAfter reviewing this Unit, you should be able to:
Identify Alcohol’s pathway once ingested Identify the harmful effects & risks of Alcohol on the body Define Blood Alcohol Concentration & factors that determine
a person’s BAC Identify the differences between medicines & drugs Identify the differences between drug misuse & abuse Identify the categories of drugs, effects, & risks on the body
ALCOHOL PRE-TEST ANSWERS1. TRUE – based on percentage of alcohol by volume
2. FALSE – Alcohol is digested by different organs in the body
3. FALSE – Alcohol is a Depressant (slows body down)
4. TRUE
5. TRUE – 5 oz. wine, 1.5 oz. shot of liquor, or 12 oz. can of beer
6. FALSE – BAC/BAL stands for how much alcohol is in the bloodstream
7. FALSE – only way to eliminate alcohol is through urine, sweat, or liver
8. TRUE – depends on a person’s BAC & other factors
9. TRUE –
10. TRUE
ALCOHOL: ITS PROCESS, TYPES, & STANDARD DRINK
• Alcohol is referred to ethanol & is made through a process called Fermentation – a conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast
• Fermentation will yield certain types of alcohol such as beer, wine, and liquors (vodka)
• A “standard” drink is any drink that contains 14 grams of pure alcohol or .6 fluid ounces
Standard Drink Equivalents:
• Beer = 12 ounces, Wine = 4-5 ounces, Liquor (80pf) = 1.5 ounces
ALCOHOL’S PATHWAY Mouth: Alcohol enters the body Stomach: some alcohol gets into the bloodstream but most goes to the
small intestine Small Intestine: alcohol enters the bloodstream through the wall of the
small intestine Heart: pumps alcohol throughout the body Brain: alcohol reaches the brain from the bloodstream Liver: alcohol is oxidized (burned up) by the liver at a rate of .5 fluid
ounces per hour Alcohol is converted into water, carbon dioxide, & energy
SHORT
• Relaxing effect
• Slurred speech
• Slowed reaction time, coordination, & concentration ,& vision
• Altered emotions
• More blood flow to surface of skin & lower core body temperature
LONG
Brain – disrupts behavior, learning, & memory
Heart – blood pressure increases – heart disease, heart attack or stroke
Lungs – damage cells of lungs to remove fluids (choking), reduces immune response
Liver – organ responsible for filtering alcohol from the bloodstream
- Cirrhosis = scarring of liver tissue
- Cancer
SHORT & LONG-TERM EFFECTS
BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC) Ratio of Alcohol to Blood in the body (%) 5 Factors that influence a person’s BAC
1. Gender- stronger effect on females
2. Body Weight- A heavy weight results in more fluids to mix w/alcohol resulting in a lower BAC
3. Strength & Size of Drink- Stronger alcohol content consumed, higher BAC will rise & larger drinks contain more alcohol
4. Food- possible to slow rate in which alcohol is absorbed
5. Time- faster a person drinks, quicker their BAC will rise
.08 BAC LevelIllegal for a person 21
or older to drive a vehicle
Person is 11 times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than someone who has had nothing to drink
.01 BAC Level Illegal for a person 16-20
years of age to drive a vehicle
All drivers under 21 who commit a DUI can be subject to a 6 month driver’s license suspension, probation, fined, or jailed
BAC LEVEL
Medicine – drug(s) that are used to treat illness or relieve pain (tylenol for a headache)
2 Types:
1. OTC (over the counter) – no need for a written prescription
2. Prescription (Rx) – written order from a doctor (anitbiotics)
Drugs- chemical substances taken into the body that can change the structure or function of body/mind (increase heart rate or hallucinations)
Misuse – Inappropriate use of prescribed or non-prescribed medicine, but not for “pleasure” or other non-medical purposes.
Abuse – repeatedly and willfully using a drug in a way other than prescribed or socially sanctioned
MEDICINE VS. DRUGS – MISUSE VS. ABUSE
Cannabinoids
Marijuana, Hashish
-Smoked, swallowed
Effects:
Euphoria, slow reaction time, distorted sensory perception
Risks:
Frequent respiratory infections, cough, addiction, memory loss
Opioids
Heroin
- Injected, smoked, swallowed
Effects:
Impaired coordination, slow/arrested breathing
Risks:
Addiction, fatal overdose, hepatitis, HIV
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
Stimulants
Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamines
- Inhaled, Injected, taken orally
Effects:
Increases all body functions, i.e., heart rate, breathing rate, anxiety, psychosis
Risks:
Cardiac complications, seizures, nasal damage, dental problems, addiction
Club Drugs
MDMA (Ecstasy), Rohypnol, GHB
Known as Date Rape Drugs
- Swallowed, snorted, injected
Effects:
Lowered inhibitions, sedation, muscle relaxation, confusion, memory loss
Risks:
Impaired memory, seizures, coma, addiction & at risk to be assaulted
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
Hallucinogens
LSD, mushrooms, peyote
- Swallowed, smoked
Effects:
Increased body temp, blood pressure, heart rate, altered states of perception & feeling
Risks:
Flashbacks (causes brain to misfire & send incorrect signals)
Anabolic Steroids
Man-made substance related to testosterone (HGH)
- Injected, swallowed, absorbed through skin
Risks:
Males – reduced sperm production, breast tissue growth (enlargement), shrunken testicles
Females – menstrual irregularities, take on male characteristics (deeper voice, hair growth)
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
Depressants
Xanax, Valium
- Swallowed, injected
Effects:
Slows down body functions
Sedation, drowsiness, impaired coordination/memory
Risks:
Decrease in blood pressure, breathing, respiratory arrest, death
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS