Alcohol
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Transcript of Alcohol
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ALCOHOL
Dwi Koko P, S. Farm., Apt.
Bagian Kimia Farmasi Universitas Jember
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Alkohol
Senyawa yang dihasilkan jika 1 atom H dari air digantikan dengan gugus alkil (R)
golongan senyawa organik yang mengandung gugus fungsional OH
O
R H
O
H H
R OH
R
Rumus umum alkohol, R = Alkil
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Penggolongan Alkohol
• Menurut atom C yang mengikat gugus OH
a. Alkohol Primer (etanol, n-propil alkohol)
b. Alkohol Sekunder (2-butanol)
c. Alkohol Tersier (t-butil alkohol)
• Menurut gugus yang mengikat OH
a. Alkohol alifatik (sikloheksanol, 1-pentanol
b. Alkohol Aromatik (α-fenil etil alkohol)
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• Menurut jumlah gugusan OH
a. Alkohol monovalen (metanol, etanol)
b. Alkohol divalen / Alkanadiol (etilena glikol / etanadiol)
c. Alkohol trivalen / Alkanatriol
(propanatriol / gliserol)
d. Alkohol polivalen / Polihidroksi alkohol
(sorbitol)
Penggolongan Alkohol
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Tata Nama Alkohol1. Nama Trivial
a. nama trivial = alkil alkoholb. nama rantai alkil + kata alkohol 2 kata
CH3OH metil alkohol
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH n-butil alkohol
c. Posisi substituen tambahan ditunjukkan dengan huruf yunani, dimulai dari C yang mengikat gugus OH
ClCH2CH2OH β α
β-kloroetil alkohol.
Br
CH
H3CH2C
H2C OHαβ
γ
γ-bromobutil alkohol
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d. Huruf terakhir yunani ‘ω’ (omega) digunakan untuk substituen yang terikat pada ujung rantai karbon BrCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
ω-bromopentil alkohol
e.Bila berikatan dengan gugus aromatik, maka nama alkil yang dipakai adalah keseluruhan
CH2OHCHCH3
OH
Benzil alkoholα-Feniletil alkohol
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Tata Nama Alkohol
2. Nama menurut sistem Karbinol
a. Alkohol plg sederhana CH3OH karbinol b. Nama ditulis sebagai satu kata
H
C OH
H
H
CH2CH3
CH3CH2C
CH2CH3
OH
KarbinolTrietilkarbinol
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Tata Nama Alkohol3. Nama menurut sistem
IUPAC
a. Senyawa alkohol diberi nama alkanol (Nama alkana induk + akhiran –ol)
b. gugus –OH mendapat nomor terkecil
c. Jumlah gugus –OH mono, di, tri
dst
CH3CHCH2CH2OH
OH
1,3-butanadiol
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
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Tata Nama Alkohol
3. Nama menurut sistem IUPAC
e. Substituen ditulis sebagai awalan dan diberi nomor sesuai gugus OH
CH3CHCH2OH
Cl
CH3CH2CHCH2OH
CH2Cl
CH3CHCHCH2OH
CH3
CH2CH3
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-R -X C C -OH -CO2HC
O
C
O
H
Naiknya prioritas tata nama
2-hidroksi propanoat
H3C CH
OH
C
O
OH
2-hidroksi propanal
H3C CH
OH
C
O
H
3-hidroksi 2-propanon
H3C CH
OH
C
O
CH3
H3C OH
4-metil-2-sikloheksenol
1
23
4
5 6
Prioritas tata nama (bila berada bersama gugus fungsi yang lain)
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Tipe alkohol :
C
OH
CH3
alkohol benzilik
CH3OH CH3CH2OH (CH3)2CHOH (CH3)3COH
alkohol metil alkohol primer (10) alkohol sekunder (20) alkohol tersier (30)
CH3CH=CHCH2OHalkohol alilik
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SIFAT FISIK ALKOHOL A. Titik Didih Alkohol
Alkohol t.d. 0C Kloroalkana t.d. 0C
CH3OH 64,5 CH3Cl -24
CH3CH2OH 78,3 CH3CH2Cl 13
CH3CH2CH2OH 97,2 CH3CH2CH2Cl 46
HOCH2CH2OH 197 ClCH2CH2Cl 83,5
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SIFAT FISIK ALKOHOL B. Kelarutan Alkohol
Hidrophyl
Hidrophob
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B. Kelarutan Alkohol
• Ikatan Hidrogen Polar• Semakin panjang rantai karbon alkohol, maka
semakin non polar kelarutan dalam air berkurang
O
H
R
H
O
H
H
O
R
H
O
H
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Ikatan Hidrogen (alkohol)
• Menyebabkan :
a. kelarutan dalam air
b. campuran azeotrop (campuran secara fisika tidak dapat dipisahkan)
c. kontraksi volume terjadi cavities yg diisi molekul alkohol
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B. Kelarutan Alkohol
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B. Kelarutan Alkohol
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SIFAT FISIK ALKOHOL C. Kereaktivan Alkohol
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Air :
bersifat basa menerima proton (terprotonkan H3O+)
Besifat asam melepaskan proton -OH
Alkohol analog dengan air :
bersifat basa menerima proton (terprotonkan ROH2+)
Besifat asam melepaskan proton -OR
OHOHH
Ka2
Dissosiasi keasaman
pKa = - log Ka
Semakin asam Ka semakin besar, pKa semakin kecil
D. Keasaman Alkohol
Senyawa pKa
H2O 15,74
CH3OH 15,5
CH3CH2OH 15,9
(CH3)3COH ~18
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PENGGUNAAN ALKOHOL
Hands Desinfectant
A semi gel composed from three differend kinds of alcohol with enthanol as main component. The percentage of alcohol is 85%. It is fast working and non sticking. By adding glycerine as a moisturizer your skin will not be dehydrated.
2
3
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TATA NAMA ALKOHOL
HC CH
H3C
CH2CH2OH
O
HO
Contoh Soal :
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-R -X C C -OH -CO2HC
O
C
O
H
Naiknya prioritas tata nama
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O
HO
CH3HO
TATA NAMA ALKOHOL Contoh Soal :
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OH
TATA NAMA ALKOHOL Contoh Soal :
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TATA NAMA ALKOHOL Contoh Soal :
OH
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TATA NAMA ALKOHOL Contoh Soal :
OH
BrBr
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OH
HO
TATA NAMA ALKOHOL Contoh Soal :
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OH
TATA NAMA ALKOHOL Contoh Soal :
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Tugas
1. Berikan nama trivial bagi alkohol berikut dan golongkanlah menjadi alkohol 1o, 2o, dan 3o
CH3CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CHCH3
OH
CH3CHCH2OH
CH3CH3
C OHH3C
CH3
CH3
CH
OHH3C
CH3
C CH2OHH3C
CH3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
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2. Berikan nama IUPAC untuk alkohol berikut :CH2CH2CH3
C OHH3CH2C
CH2CH3
CHCH2OHCl
Cl
a.
H2C CHCHCH3
OH
b.
OH
C CH2CH2CH3H3CH2C
C6H5
c.
d.
H
H
Br
OH
e.
H OH
f.