- SooH-

PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSOF HISTORY OF SCIENCE (Liege, 20-26 July 1997)

VOLUME XVIII

ALCHEMY, CHEMISTRYAND

PHARMACYEdited by

Michel BOUGARD

BREPOLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IntroductionMichel BOUGARD

Part oneALCHEMY, CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY BEFORE 1800

Christine de Pizan and the scientific culture of late medieval France :the example of alchemy 11

Joan CADDENAlchemical view of the origin of metals and transmutation 17

Vladimir KARPENKO

The four conflated Democriti and their fusion in earlyseventeenth century alchemy and medicine 29

Christoph LUTHYThe Liquor Alkahest in Helmontian medicine 51

Paulo ALVES PORTO

La tradition hermetique et la revolution scientifique :vers une nouvelle revision de la these de Frances A. Yates 61

Victor VIZGUINELa chimie contre Aristote La distillation du bois et la doctrinedes cinq elements au xvile siecle en France 67

Bernard JOLYLa Pratique de Chymie de Sebastien Matte La Faveur :un episode meconnu des demonstrations publiques de chimieau xvne siecle 77

Michel BOUGARDAu XVlle siecle Marie Meurdrac publie un traite de chimie.Une premiere? 99

Lucia TosiThe chemical research of Luigi Galvani: gases, machines and texts 105

Raffaella SELIGARDI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part twoCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY IN THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD

(AFTER 1800)

Considerations epistemologiques de revolution des techniqueset des instruments du laboratoire chimique 117

Maria de Lurdes PEREZ-GARRIDO and S. MAVELBrazil, 1833 : the discovery of photography revisited 129

Rosana HORIO MONTEIRO, Silvia FIGUEIROA, Lea VELHOTowards a scientific biography of Peter Griess 137

Willem J. HORNIX and Elisabeth THUSEN-VlSSERPeter Griess and the constitution of the substitution productsof benzene 149

Elisabeth THUSEN-VlSSER and Willem J. HORNIXThe delayed development of chemistry in Austria,caused by political pressure 161

Robert W. ROSNERChemical science and education in the University of Coimbra(Portugal) from the thirties to the fifties of the twentieth century 169

Antonio M. AMORIM DA COSTA

Structure, contingency and application : the early articulationof chemical industry and academe in the United Kingdom 177

James F. DONNELLYChemical decision-makers : a profile of the leadership of theprincipal British chemical institutions, 1900-1939 189

Gerrylynn K. ROBERTSTechnological change in the Spanish electrolytic chemical industry.Solvay's mercury cell versus Siemens-Billiter's diaphragm cell 199

Angel TOCAArchitecture of new molecules in the 20th century -a dynamic survey 207

Maria DA CONCEigAo BURGUETEDie chinesischen Ubersetzungen des Sauerstoffs, Wasserstoffs undStickstoffs - die Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen der chinesischenund europaischen Naturphilosophie 209

Hao CHANG

The history of chemistry : cultural methodologyfor a new didactic model 217

Francesco CARDONEEl Laboratorio de quimica del " seminario cientffico-industrialde Vergara" segiin sus inventarios (1852-1858) 231

Ines PELLON GONZALEZ

Contributors 247