Alberta researcher Celebrating the DNA discovery THE ... · QR Code Check iPhone DROID BEYOND LC....

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THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE FOR LAB PRODUCTS, NEWS AND DEVELOPMENTS

www.labusinessmag.com July / August 2013

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SPECIALIZED FOREST MACHINERY ALLOWS U OF T TEAM TO GO HIGHER

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CONTENTS

www.labbusinessmag.com 3

FOREST SCANBY JOEL TANSEY

The scanlift provides University of Toronto researchers a tool

to collect samples from greater heights at the Haliburton

Forest and Wildlife Reserve.

AGAINST THE GRAINBY LINDSAY GRUMMETT

Despite Health Canada’s recall of calcitonin, one

researcher in Alberta sees an opportunity.

14

MOMENTS IN TIMEBY NICOLAS HEFFERNAN

60 years ago, James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins worked together to determine the structure of

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).22

STANDARDS

EDITOR’S note 5

CANADIAN news 6

WORLDWIDE news 7

TECH watch 18

LAB ware 20

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JULY / AUGUST 2013

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8SUZUKI matters

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WHEREhave I heard this before?“We tend to be scientifically somewhat illiterate...

and our leaders too often don’t have any contact with science so it’s all the more reason for us to try and compensate for that reality and again, that piece we’re not doing so much yet.”

That was Fareed Zakaria, CNN host, Washington Postcolumnist, editor-at-large of Time magazine, and bestselling author, talking about the United States’ relationship with science at the Institute of Food Technologists’ 2013 conference in Chicago in July.

How easily could you swap out the United States for Canada and have the sentence still read perfectly? I guess there really is something to misery loving company.

There was a chance for the Harper government to extend an olive branch to the disgruntled Canadian science community during the recent federal ministerial shakeup by appointing a minister with some actual science experience. Instead, Greg Rickford was appointed Minister of State (Science and Technology, and Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario).

Rickford is the MP for the Ontario riding of Kenora, where the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) is located. In 2011 he stood alongside scientists during the opening of the ELA’s new fish laboratory and referred to it as “Canada’s most innovative freshwater research centre.” A year later he supported the federal government’s plan to shut it down.

Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose.

LAB Business is published 6 times per year by Jesmar Communications Inc., 30 East Beaver Creek Rd., Suite 202, Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1J2. 905.886.5040. Fax: 905.886.6615 www.labbusinessmag.com One year subscription: Canada $35.00, US $35.00 and foreign $95. Single copies $9.00. Please add GST/HST where applicable. LAB Business subscription and circulation enquiries: Garth Atkinson, [email protected] Fax: 905.509.0735 Subscriptions to business address only. On occasion, our list is made available to organizations whose products or services may be of interest to you. If you’d rather not receive information, write to us at the address above or call 905.509.3511. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part or in whole without the written consent of the publisher. GST Registration #R124380270.

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The DefiniTive Source for Lab ProDucTS, newS anD DeveLoPmenTS

www.labusinessmag.com July / August 2013

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SpecialiZed foreSt machinery allowS U of t team to go higher

going it alone

Alberta researcher tries to prove

calcitonin’s worth

14

thiS day in hiStoryCelebrating the 60th anniversary of DNA discovery

22

LB_Re-Design.indd 1 8/19/13 12:07 PM

heightsheightsChampioning the Business of Biotechnology in Canada

july / august 2013

cracking the codeDiscovery of DNA's structure was made 60 years ago8

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Do the flip!Hear what Bayer Canada’s Christian Lauterbach has to say about lab innovation.

Nicolas HeffernanASSOCIATE EDITOR

Canadian NEWS

6 July / August 2013 LAB BUSINESS

MAYBE the addition of a new member of the royal family scared them off.Experts and the numerous people taking part in citizen science initiatives

monitoring monarch butterflies have estimated a 90% drop in the overall population in eastern Canada.

Across the continent, scientists and butterfly enthusiasts are worried, and the Montreal Insectarium echoes their questions and concerns, wondering if the migration of monarchs in eastern North America might one day disappear altogether.

Each year, the monarchs spend the winter in Mexico, then in the spring they gradually move northwards through the United States and eventually into Quebec. In 2012, their reproduction rates fell dramatically throughout their journey, as they were confronted with extreme temperatures, record drought, flowers empty of nectar and a scarcity of their host plant, milkweed.

For the same reasons, their return to Mexico in the fall was no easier. The result? During the winter of 2012-2013, researchers found that the monarchs’ hibernation area covered just 1.19 hectare of forest—60% less than the previous year’s area, which was already well below the average of seven hectares. On top of that, spring 2013 was marked by unusually cold temperatures and record rainfall. The monarchs’ ability to reproduce as they headed back north was therefore greatly diminished.

The exceptionally good conditions for butterflies, including the monarch, last year in Quebec were not sufficient to counter the negative effects observed in populations elsewhere on the continent. The monarch’s current situation is a striking example of the impact climate change can have on biodiversity. Butterflies are usually “champions” of adaptation, making recent observations all the more troubling.

WHERE HAVE ALL THE MONARCHS GONE?

Harper Government Advances Knowledge and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Mental health info bank based on emergency room arrivals a world first

Triple-negative breast cancer breakthrough

The Harper Government announced an five-year,

$35 million investment to assist the Rick Hansen Foundation achieve breakthroughs in spinal cord injury (SCI) research and treatment, generating new knowledge, new technologies and knowledge-based jobs, while improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

The Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale of the

Montreal Research Centre announced the start-up of the Signature information bank, which collects medical and psychosocial data as well as information on human biological material. This project is intended to advance research in the field of mental health, and will help to supply some of the data in real time to hospital teams treating patients – the first system in the world to do so.

An international research team of Canadian and

Australian scientists led by CRCHUM’s Dr. John Stagg have found that an enzyme in triple-negative breast cancer makes patients less responsive to chemotherapy. This discovery opens the door to new treatments for patients with this particularly virulent cancer.

Worldwide NEWS


ACCIDENTALLY electrocuting yourself with an electric bug zapper could be a thing of the past thanks to the work of Howard Hughes Medical Institute

(HHMI) researchers.In one of the first successful attempts at genetically engineering mosquitoes, a team led by

Leslie Vosshall, an HHMI investigator at Rockefeller University, altered the way the insects respond to odors, including the smell of humans and the insect repellant DEET, paving the way to understanding why the insect is so attracted to humans, and how to block that attraction.

“The time has come now to do genetics in these important disease-vector insects. I think our new work is a great example that you can do it,” says Leslie Vosshall, an HHMI investigator at Rockefeller University who led the new research, published May 29, 2013 in the journal Nature.

Vosshall’s team turned to a genetic engineering tool called zinc-finger nucleases to specifically mutate the orco gene, which the team knew allowed mosquitoes to detect odor, in the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

They injected the targeted zinc-finger nucleases into mosquito embryos, waited for them to mature, identified mutant individuals, and generated mutant strains that allowed them to study the role of orco in mosquito biology. The engineered mosquitoes showed diminished activity in neurons linked to odor-sensing. Then, behavioral tests revealed more changes.

Vosshall and her collaborators next want to study in more detail how the orco protein interacts with the mosquitoes’ odorant receptors to allow the insects to sense smells. “We want to know what it is about these mosquitoes that makes them so specialized for humans,” she says. “And if we can also provide insights into how existing repellants are working, then we can start having some ideas about what a next-generation repellant would look like.”

GENETIC ENGINEERING ALTERS MOSQUITOES’ SENSE OF SMELL

Alzheimer’s Leaves Clues in Blood

Research Could Yield Autism Blood Screening Test

Rotary and Gates Foundation extend polio agreement

Alzheimer researchers in Spain have taken a step

closer to finding a blood test to help in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Professor Manuel Sarasa, CSO and founder of Spanish research company Araclon Biotech, and his team have been perfecting blood tests “ABtest40” and “ABtest42” to measure the very small amounts of a group of peptides called beta amyloid, which are found naturally in the body, and thought to be major contributors to Alzheimer’s disease.

Researchers at the JC Self Research Institute of the

Greenwood Genetic Center (GGC), along with collaborators from Biolog, Inc. in California, have reported that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) showed significantly decreased metabolism of the amino acid L-tryptophan when compared to both typical controls and individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders. This could potentially mean the development of a simple, early blood screening test for autism by measuring the metabolism of L-tryptophan using Biolog’s technology.

Rotary International and the Bill & Melinda Gates

Foundation announced an extension of their existing fundraising partnership that could generate up to US$525 million in new money for polio eradication as the global effort to end this crippling disease enters its critical endgame phase.

Suzuki MATTERS


BY DAVID SUZUKI WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM

IAN HANINGTON

Dr. David Suzuki is a scientist, broadcaster, author, and co-founder

of the David Suzuki Foundation.

Ian Hanington is communications

manager.

Learn more at www.davidsuzuki.org.

It’s happening again. Research confirms agree-ment among most climate scientists that we are altering the Earth’s climate, mainly by burning

fossil fuels. And industrial interests, backed by cli-mate change deniers, pull out every trick to sow doubt and confusion. What will it take for us to start seriously tackling the problem?

For the latest study, investigators led by John Cook at Skeptical Science examined abstracts of 12,000 peer-reviewed papers on climate science. They also received comments from 1,200 scientists, who rated more than 2,100 full studies. In both cases, more than 97 per cent of studies that took a position on the causes of global warming said human activity is a primary factor. Less than one per cent rejected the consensus position. The results are consistent with previous research.

As expected, deniers are out in full force, many employing methods common to those who reject science. Medical scientists Pascal Diethelm and Martin McKee examined these tactics in the European Journal of Public Health: cherry picking, reference to fake experts, misrepresentation and logical fallacies, impossible expectations of what research can deliver and conspiracy theories. Deniers often rely on talking points spread by a handful of usual suspects, including Christopher Monckton in the U.K., the Heartland Institute and Anthony Watts in the U.S. and Friends of Science and Tom Harris in Canada.

The Alberta-based group was caught several years ago funnelling money — most from fossil fuel companies — through a “Science Education Fund” at the University of Calgary. It was used to create a disinformation campaign and video with Harris, who then worked with PR firm APCO Worldwide and now heads up an organization called (ironical-ly) the International Climate Science Coalition, which rejects the scientific consensus on human-caused climate change. According to Desmog Blog, Friends of Science has misrepresented the recent

survey, calling it “careless incitement of a misin-formed and frightened public, when in fact the sun is the main driver of climate change; not human activity or carbon dioxide.”

Another recent misrepresentation concerns research by the U.K. Met Office, which deniers falsely claim shows the Earth hasn’t warmed for 17 years.

Science isn’t perfect, but it’s one of the best tools we have for understanding our place in the cosmos. When people around the world apply rigorous sci-entific method to study our actions and their impacts on the things that keep us alive and healthy — clean air, water, soil and biodiverse plants and animals — we must listen, not just about climate, but about a range of issues.

Many scientists are saying we’re creating serious problems — but we have solutions. A recent state-ment, ‘Scientists’ Consensus on Maintaining Humanity’s Life Support Systems in the 21st Century’, lists five major challenges: climate disrup-tion, extinctions, loss of ecosystem diversity, pollu-tion, and human population growth and resource consumption.

More than 2,200 have signed, stating, “As scien-tists who study the interaction of people with the rest of the biosphere using a wide range of approach-es, we agree that the evidence that humans are dam-aging their ecological life-support systems is over-whelming.”

Some may claim this is “alarmist”. It is — because the situation is alarming. It goes on: “For humanity’s continued health and prosperity, we all — individu-als, businesses, political leaders, religious leaders, scientists, and people in every walk of life — must work hard to solve these five global problems start-ing today.”

Many of the proposed solutions have long been advocated by people working in science, the envi-ronment and even business: conserving energy and reducing fossil fuel use; better ecosystem manage-ment through processes like natural capital evalua-tion; improved food production and distribution and waste reduction; regulating and preventing pol-lution; and stabilizing population growth through better education, health care, family-planning ser-vices, economic opportunities and women’s rights.

Humanity has changed direction before. When our tools become outdated, we invent new ones. It’s why in many countries, we no longer rely on slavery to maintain economies, we can all vote regardless of race or sex and we enjoy longer and healthier lives than before. Many systems we’ve invented don’t apply to current circumstances. We can and must change the way we act. That requires listening to scientists and those who are working on solutions, and not to the naysayers and deniers who would keep us stalled in a doomed spiral. L B

We ignore scientists at our peril

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in theplayingcloudsHALIBURTON FOREST PROVIDES THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO WITH A WEALTH OF RESEARCH

OPPORTUNITIES, INCLUDING A RARE GLIMPSE INTO A WORLD 20 METRES ABOVE THE GROUND

Lab PROFILE


W ith 70,000 acres of pristine lakes, winding rivers and dense forests, the Haliburton Forest

and Wildlife Reserve is far from your typi-cal science lab. For Dr. Sean Thomas and his team of faculty and students from the University of Toronto, however, this pri-vately owned land offers a world of possi-bilities when it comes to research and development.

Haliburton Forest is the largest employer in the region and has an effec-tive, sustainable business model that has made it an industry leader and earned it a certification by the Forest Stewardship Council, the first forest in Canada to achieve this recognition. The University of Toronto began operations in Haliburton in 1999 and Thomas has been along for the ride since the very beginning. He describes this partnership as one that has had clear benefits for both the university and the wildlife reserve.

“[With this relationship] there is rapid

and effective communication between an industry leader and the basic science of sustainability.”

On a warm sunny day in late June, and just a bumpy 15-minute ride from Haliburton Forest’s base camp, the team is using one of its most important pieces of equipment, the Scanlift. Purchased nine years ago and still invaluable to their research, it looks and works much like a cherry picker, but has special features that are designed for use in the forest. Four hydraulic outriggers extend outwards and are planted on the ground, giving the machine much needed stability on fre-quently uneven surfaces and allowing it to avoid sinking into the ground. The “buck-

et” rises upwards to the top of the canopy, with a maximum range of up to 24 metres. This allows researchers to collect samples from the branches above. It’s understand-ably a much easier process than physically climbing up each tree individually, which used to be the standard collection method, and Thomas recognizes how efficient the Scanlift makes the sample collecting pro-cess. “You can pick your spot up there at the top of the canopy and go up there,” he says. “It is a remarkable piece of equip-ment.”

Because of its efficiency, the team is able to collect samples from nearly 30 trees today despite starting late in the morning because of safety training exer-cises for new students. Maneuvering the Scanlift from one collection area to anoth-er is a straightforward process because of a narrow wheelbase and crab steering. Because of these features, the team of uni-versity students is able to get the lift in position with relative ease, even through sometimes narrow gaps between trees.

Riding slowly to the top of the forest canopy is an exhilarating, albeit vertigo-inducing experience. Harnesses and hard-hats are worn for safety but if you have a fear of heights, they do little to ease your mind as you gaze upon the forest’s tallest organisms while also doing all you can to avoid glancing at the ground far below.

Today, everyone is excited to find that there has been a surprising fruiting epi-sode from the sugar maple trees just two years after the previous occurrence. This is particularly surprising, says Thomas, because there was a five-year year gap in fruiting episodes previously. Since sugar maples further south fruit annually, Thomas speculates that the irregular fruiting in Haliburton could be the result of climate change.

The Scanlift has also enabled the team to track the native bee and European hon-eybee populations in the forest and, more specifically, up in the canopy. Honeybees have recently been introduced to the local native population of bees and Susan Frye, a PhD candidate under the supervision of Thomas and Forest Entomologist Dr. Sandy Smith, is currently looking into the effects that this might have on native bee populations. European bees were only introduced to the area in 2010 and research is still in the preliminary stages, with just a small sampling of data for Frye

STORY BY Joel TanseyHALIBURTON FOREST IS THE

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to look at so far. “The diversity of native bees is spec-

tacular, so it’s hard to generalize how hon-eybees will impact all of the different spe-cies of native bees within the forest,” Frye says. “Honeybees may have more impact on some native bees than others. Conversely, honeybees could potentially have no apparent impact. Over the next few years of research, I hope to see how their relationship unfolds.”

Another interesting aspect is the mere presence of bees in the canopy at all. Only a couple tree species will actually flower in the canopy, most commonly in the spring, yet plenty of bees are found in the canopy year-round. It’s a strange phenom-enon and multiple reasons could be the answer for its occurrence. Frye believes that the answer could lie in the age of the trees where the bees are found.

“If bees are found in older trees it would be more likely that they are looking for

nesting sites because there would be things like cavities, abandoned insect bur-rows, wood pecker holes.”

These characteristics simply aren’t as prevalent in younger trees. What younger trees do have, however, is an abundance of sugars that small sucking insects called aphids commonly consume. Aphids will then secrete a high concentrated sugary substance called honeydew.

“Some studies have shown that native bees will use honeydew when floral resources are not present,” Frye says. “So if bees are using younger trees it is likely that they are seeking nutritional supple-mentation.”

Frye plans to make good use of the Scanlift over the next couple of summers and her research would be impossible to achieve without canopy access.

In addition to the Scanlift, the pyrolyz-er is another vital piece of equipment for the faculty’s research. It is no secret that mills in Ontario are struggling and numer-ous closures, both temporary and perma-nent, have led to a significant number of lost jobs. High production costs and low market demand are the primary reasons for the majority of mill closures, and any technology that might help the bottom line is welcome news for this struggling industry.

According to Thomas, roughly half of the total volume of wood coming into the mill will end up as sawdust, woodchips or bark, with the other half being conven-tional lumber. While there is a market for the former products, the returns are low and the high cost of transportation further

diminish the financial viability of selling these materials. This makes earning good money on these products an extremely challenging venture, thus posing a major problem for sawmills, and not purely from a financial standpoint. Waste manage-

FUNDING REMAINS A CONTINUING CHALLENGE FOR SCIENCE PROGRAMS ACROSS CANADA.

The forest provides abundant research opportunities including tracking bees as well as the impact of various insects.


Lab PROFILE


Researchers are investigating ways to use and convert sawmill waste

products like sawdust, here at The Haliburton Forest Sawmill.

ment has also become a significant con-cern.

“Sawdust in the air around machinery is a big hazard,” says Thomas while adding that “big woodchip piles under hot, moist conditions can spontaneously combust. Management of these things is a continu-ing challenge. If you could process this stuff in a way that gives you a marketable product, and deals with your waste man-agement issue, it’s huge.”

That’s where products like biochar come into play. Biochar is a result of pyrol-ysis, the thermal decomposition of organ-ic matter in the absence of oxygen. Sawdust is fed into the pyrolyzer and syn-thesis gas is produced and combusted to heat the material as it is feeds through. The main product of this is biochar, although other materials such as pyrolysis oils and wood vinegar are also produced along with heat.

Nigel Gale, a Masters student, is inves-tigating ways to optimize biochar for use in temperate soil amendments, and sees tremendous potential for its use. “Forestry operations, and sawmills in particular, can convert waste materials into a high value soil amendment and carbon storage prod-uct. Biochar increases soil fertility, enhancing plant growth and performance, while directly mitigating climate change. It’s a win-win situation for humans and the planet.”

Funding remains a continuing chal-lenge for science programs across Canada. Since the Conservatives won the 2006 federal election, there have been signifi-cant cutbacks in funding for basic science and the Faculty of Forestry at U of T has not been immune to these cuts. Thomas, who grew up in Oregon and earned his PhD from Harvard, recently spent time in Europe and his colleagues were shocked at Canada’s short-sighted policies with regards to the sciences.“Part of the reason I came to Canada was because of its dis-covery grants. There was pressure on sci-entists to efficiently do good science on a relative budget. Canada has moved away from that and I think that’s a disaster.”

Thomas says that 10 years ago the dis-covery grant program was among the best in the world when it came to value for money. Today, funding for programs like his has shifted from basic science to part-nership programs, which focuses more on immediate economic outputs from scien-

tific innovation. Thomas believes that, while both aspects are important, the bal-ance has shifted too far away from basic science. “I really question the efficiency of these programs. I would rather have less money and less fettered money to do good science.”

Despite this, the faculty remains strong and is widely acknowledged as a “research powerhouse” according to Thomas. In fact, the program is commonly among the very top units in the entire university for grant dollars brought in per faculty mem-ber. This should ensure a continuing rela-tionship with Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Centre and continued health for Canada’s oldest faculty of forestry. L B

MottLab.indd 1 8/16/10 4:11 PM


STORY BY Lindsay Grummett

DRUG RECALL COULD OPEN THE MARKET FOR

INNOVATIVE CALCITONIN THERAPY

P roduct recalls are not an anomaly within the pharmaceutical indus-try and research has shown that

about a quarter of new drugs introduced to the Canadian market from 1995 to 2010 developed serious safety issues. This summer Health Canada announced the recall of a calcitonin nasal spray used to treat osteoporosis after it was revealed that prolonged use could increase the risk of offsite side effects.

“People who had been on calcitonin had a slightly higher risk of cancer in comparison to the people who had been on placebo,” says Dr. Aliya Khan, the director of the Calcium Disorder Clinic at St. Joseph’s Healthcare and scientific advisor for Osteoporosis Canada.

“Now that we’ve seen this small increased risk of cancer, the risk-benefit ratio isn’t in favour of someone taking calcitonin,” says Khan.

Calcitonin is used as a nasal spray to treat women with postmenopausal osteoporosis or as an injection to treat Paget’s disease as well as hypercalcemia. Calcitonin injectables will still be autho-rized for sale, however, because the ben-

CONTROVERSIAL osteoporosis drug

CANADIAN LABORATORY SEES POTENTIAL IN


Feature STORY

efits are said to still outweigh the risks.By October of this year calcitonin

products for osteoporosis which include Miacalcin NS (Novartis), Sandoz Calcitonin NS and Apo-Calcitonin NS (Apotex Inc.) will be pulled from the mar-ket and Khan says osteoporosis research will move to more valuable areas.

“It will not be a drug that’s pursued in a big way. There are many other mole-cules that are valuable drug treatment options and that’s where research will focus.”

TAKING CHANCESThere’s at least one researcher who disagrees and sees this recall as an opportunity for innovation.

“I think we’ve found an entirely unique angle for the reintroduction of calcitonin in a bone-targeting form that will overcome most, if not all, of the current concerns with systemic calcitonin usage. It would be an absolute breakthrough,” says Dr. Michael Doschak.

Dr. Michael R. Doschak and his research staff at the Pharmaceutical Orthopaedic Research Lab (PORL) locat-ed at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, study the interaction between drugs and bones (as well as joints and teeth) in order to develop therapeutic treatments for a variety of diseases and conditions. Arthritis, osteoporosis and bone cancer, as well as drug discovery are some of the areas where PORL research-ers have focused their efforts.

Doschak and his team of research associates have developed what they believe to be a highly effective form of antiresorptive therapy that also reduces offsite side effects. The goal of antire-sorptive treatment is to prevent bone loss

and lower the risk of bone fractures. Doschak is excited by the impressive results of early testing of the lab’s lead product, bisphosphonate-conjugated cal-citonin (BP-CT).

“How our product differs is we’ve derivatized the peptide hormone with bone-seeking moieties,” says Doschak. “In effect, we target calcitonin to its desired site of action. We can further reduce the dose while at the same time increase the antiresorptive potency on the bone cells we want to target.”

Conventional calcitonin doses the body systemically, leading to offsite side effects. Doschak says BP-CT has been shown to focus the calcitonin dose pri-marily to the bone which reduces side effects linked to current dosing regimens. It also outperformed current compounds of calcitonin when used head-to-head in a preclinical rat model of osteoporosis.

The drug is patent-protected through the lab’s spin-off company, Osteometabolix Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Doschak says they’ve now partnered with Alberta Innovate’s Technology Futures. He expects that by 2014 it should be ready for proof-of-concept clinical trial.

Doschak has a lot of faith in the lab’s formulation and sees great promise in this type of drug delivery research, but the road will be difficult especially in the wake of this large recall.

“We have a great challenge ahead in terms of convincing the osteoporosis community that a bone-seeking variant of calcitonin would solve many of the concerns they have with the current product. It’s still a challenge for us to con-vince them. Investors get skittish and need instant return or they want out.”

THE GOAL OF ANTIRESORPTIVE TREATMENT IS TO PREVENT BONE LOSS

AND LOWER THE RISK OF BROKEN BONES

Those working in the lab regard BP-CT as viable osteoporosis therapy and Doschak believes it could thrive thanks to the current recall liberating a portion of the market share. However, the team at the PORL still needs to pass clin-ical trial, prove the product’s efficacy and ensure its safety.

“The beauty of the academic world is that when you keep the emotion low and you talk science and theory, there are people out there who understand what you’re trying to do and want to see it pan out,” he says.

FUTURE OF AGING MEDICINEIn order for Canada to be more competi-tive with regards to pharmaceutical drug

SUPPORT FOR INNOVATIONThe pharmaceutical industry is a high growth sector in Canada with domestic production valued at $10 billion in 2011. Doschak notes, “We have a population shifting to individuals who are going to need attention in increasing numbers. There’s going to be a huge market for age-related diseases and conditions.”

Innovation is needed now. According to Osteoporosis Canada, at least one in three women and one in five men will suffer from an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime.

A 2012 report published in Osteoporosis International estimated the Canadian cost of acute care for osteo-porosis in 2010 at $1.2 billion and the overall yearly cost jumped to $2.3 billion when outpatient care, prescription drugs, and indirect costs were added. The study concluded “Osteoporosis is a chronic dis-ease that affects a large segment of the adult population and results in a substan-tial economic burden to the Canadian society.”

discovery, Doschak says there needs to be more support for laboratory researchers. Doschak and his staff have produced impressive results in early trials with drug compounds, but that research is futile if it isn’t supported through to mar-ket. By fostering innovation, both the federal and provincial governments would be supporting research that could lower healthcare expenditures, making way for more productive allocation of funding.

“We can’t simply demonize the drug because side effects have turned up. The product needed to be withdrawn, but that doesn’t mean it’s as dangerous as snake venom. It’s been used safely for over 20 years and will still continue to be used.”

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Without a sterile basis, measuring anything in a lab with any degree of certainty is impossible. Since its invention in 1879 by Charles Chamberland, autoclaves have allowed tests to be conducted with supreme precision and accuracy through sterilization. For this reason, autoclaves remain an indispensible piece of equipment for any laboratory.

Autoclaves use saturated steam at a high pressure and temperature in order to sterilize lab equipment. Besides autoclaves, there are several other methods of sterilization in use by labs, such as gas, dry heat, and ozone. Autoclaves are the preferred method on the market, however,

High Precision Control System For Perfect Stylization ResultsThe 5075 ELV/ELVC has a chamber volume of 160 liters and is designed to accommodate most labs rapidly increasing sterilization demands. It includes a New Door Locking System for Optimal Safety. The autoclave features a high precision control system for perfect stylization results and independent temperature and pressure monitoring. The 5075 ELV/ELVC also has an Ethernet and USB Connection Port for direct software updates and remote maintenance. The built-in printer allows for manual data collection of temperature, times and pressure and an external pressure gauge monitors internal chamber pressure. The Heidolph Tuttnauer line of vertical sterilizers for the life sciences successfully meets the challenges of today including applications for laboratories in research institutes, universities, pharmaceutical, food, medical, and biotechnological industries. This advanced laboratory autoclave line features top loading and table top sterilizers with fast cooling, optional drying and waste treatment options.

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The Stacked 150 is based on Priorclave’s popular Research Grade designThe Stacked 150 is based on Priorclave’s popular Research Grade design, engineered to offer the lowest Lifecycle Costs of any sterilizer in its class. It features completely independent front loading, electrically heated autoclaves, with cylindrical chambers that measure 19.5” x 29.1” deep. All of their products are built-to-order, but for budgeting purposes, this model typically delivers for $60 - $72,000 - appropriate for a range of applications. All Priorclaves ship standard with the highest grade 316L Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels, capable of reaching temperatures of 138C (280F) and 2.4 Bar (34.8psi), complete with built-in Thermocouple Entry and Test Ports. Additionally, Priorclave’s full-featured microprocessor-based control system provides virtually limitless flexibility, full cycle logging, and “One-button Start” simplicity, while maintaining a temperature variation of no greater than 1C between 105C and 138C.

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because they are inexpensive, reliable and most importantly, effective.

Today, autoclaves are being developed with efficiency, and the environment, in mind as they are now using less electricity and are generally easier to operate. With labs everywhere becoming increasingly concerned with waste management issues and how they are affecting their bottom line, autoclaves are being designed in

order to reduce this problem through waste sterilization. The right autoclave can have a significant impact on this growing budget expense and that’s only serving to increase the importance placed on having a top quality product. Below are several new products on the market today, designed to meet the ever-growing demand for top notch efficiency in sterilization. L B

Autoclaves

Phoenix 25 Easy To InstallThe Phoenix 25 has an internal chamber, cover and stainless steel trays with a manual water supply. It has a micro processed controller with 10 cycles totally configurable and protected with password, nine are designated and one is free. It allows the operation temperature adjustable reaches up to 134°C and the time programming of the sterilization and drying. It also has internal air automatic removal. It is provided with a wide graphic display, with 72x40 mm view area for the visualization of the process parameters, independent manometer for the pressure reading. The Phoenix 25 is easy to install, as hydraulic installation is not required. Its capacity is 25 litres and the Phoenix 25 is designed and manufactured with high quality materials, in accordance with industry standards.

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MICROSCOPE CAMERA PRODUCES IMAGES UP TO 30 FRAMES PER MINUTE

The Leica DMC2900 is a USB 3.0 microscope camera with a 3.1 Megapixel CMOS sensor for standard brightfield applications in research, industry and life sciences. Routine applications in these fields often require capturing, documenting and analyzing color images of microstructures in little time. The camera is equipped with a sensor that will produce live images of up to 30 frames per second and a processing power to match tasks such as capturing multiple images in mosaics or z-stacks. Its CIE-Lab color engine processes images real time with stable live image speed. www.leica-microsystems.com

SELF-CONTAINED HIGH PRESSURE PUMP

The completely self-contained SFT-10 Liquid Carbon Dioxide Pump can achieve high pressure without the need for an external cooling bath.The SFT-10 pump can deliver carbon dioxide at pressures up to 10,000 psi (69 MPa) at flow rates from 0.01 to 24.0 ml/min. These characteristics make the SFT-10 an ideal pump for use in supercritical fluid extraction, and a variety of other high pressure applications, including supercritical fluid reaction chemistry and chromatography. The SFT-10 utilizes dual sapphire syringe pump technology to achieve high pressures rapidly. The Peltier chiller has superior cooling capability. It maintains the temperature at the pump heads low enough to ensure the carbon dioxide remains liquid.www.supercriticalfluids.com

REACTION CALORIMETER STREAMLINES OPTIMIZATION

The OptiMax HFCal by Mettler Toledo is a newly-designed heat flow calorimeter that offers highly intuitive operation so users can run experiments faster for significant resource savings. Quick, reliable heating and cooling add to the unit’s time-saving nature. OptiMax HFCal enables easy, rapid characterization of process-safety parameters, including heat transfer, specific heat of reaction mass, isothermal and non-isothermal heat flow, enthalpy, and thermal conversion rates at all reaction stages. The electrical heating and Peltier cooling systems ensure precise temperature control from -40 to 180°C without cryostat and ice-bath maintenance for added time-savings and a smaller bench footprint. All experiment data is recorded automatically, making processes traceable and reproducible. Upon experiment completion, relevant data can be summarized into tables and trend graphics with a single key-press. www.mt.com

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Janis Custom Cryogenic Systems are built to specification and incorporate a modular design which can provide multiple features in one unit including 0.009 K to 1 K range, UHV < 10^-10 Torr or better, and up to 17 T magnetic fields using solenoid magnets and to 9-4 T or 9-1-1 T using Vector magnets. For optimum atomic resolution, these robust all-welded systems use proprietary refrigeration designs to eliminate intrinsic acoustic noise. Capable of B/T of 10^3 T/K, Janis Custom Cryogenic Systems are highly customizable with standard features including all electropolished stainless steel, gold plated copper, silver plated aluminum, proprietary wiring, pre-cooling methods such as mechanical heat switches, and IR shutters. Fully automatic gas handling systems with a color touch screen provide one-button cool-down.www.janis.com

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HIGH PRESSURE FITTINGS ALLOW LEAK-FREE CONNECTION

The Valco Cheminert UHPLC Fitting designs permit direct connection of 360 micron OD fused silica, PEEK, stainless, or electroformed nickel tubing without having to use liners. The fitting’s compact size and fine 2-56 threads allow a leak-free connection that seals at pressures well in excess of 20,000 psi. 360 micron fittings in PEEK can be used safely up to 10,000 psi. The 360 m fittings are available with a PEEK or stainless nut; the PEEK nut is supplied with a glass-filled PEEK ferrule, while the stainless nut uses a 316 SS ferrule. The ferrule snaps into the nut so that the fitting is “one-piece”, but the ferrule is free to rotate and does not twist the tube as the nut is tightened. A range of micron bore sizes are available.www.vici.com

GAS STANDARDS FOR PHOSGENE

Kin-Tek’s Trace Source™ Permeation Tubes are used to blend gas calibration standards of Phosgene gas. Mixtures are adjustable in concentration and can range from sub-ppb (with secondary dilution) to several hundred ppm.Phosgene standards are particularly difficult to obtain because phosgene is notorious for ‘disappearing’ in storage. The compound is readily decomposed by water adsorbed on cylinder walls and also attaches to dry cylinders.Trace Source™ permeation tubes emit a constant flow of phosgene vapor that is used to dynamically blend low concentration mixtures. Emission flow measurements are traceable to NIST through fundamental standards. Mixing the emission flow with a traceable dilution flow creates a traceable mixture. FlexStream™ Gas Standards Generators provide the controls required to blend traceable gas mixtures using Trace Source™ tubes. www.kin-tek.com

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Francis Crick and James Watson usually get all the plaudits for the discovery of the structure of DNA but Maurice Wilkins also played a vital role. Wilkins sparked Watson’s interest in DNA with one of his x-ray diffraction photographs taken in 1950, shown at a meeting in Naples the following year. Using a 1952 Wilkins/Rosalind Franklin X-ray diffraction picture of the DNA molecule, Crick and Watson were able, in 1953, to build their correct and detailed model of the DNA molecule. The trio of Crick, Watson and Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries.

Maurice Wilkins with one of the cameras he developed specially for

X-ray di� raction studiesPHOTO CREDIT:

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