Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to … · 2016-08-03 · Alaskan Inuit Food...
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Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess
the Arctic From an Inuit perspective
Presented by: Carolina Behe2015 Kawerak Regional/Rural Providers’ Conference
June 2, 2015
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Thank You To Our FundersAlaska Conservation Foundation
Bering Air ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.
World Wildlife FundNorth Slope Borough, Maniilaq Association
Arctic Slope Regional Corporation Northwest Arctic Borough
NANA Regional Corporation Norton Sound Economic Development
Calista Corporation Dolin Gold LLC.
Hansen’s Trading Company (Safeway) Alaska Commercial Company
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• Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)• Why An Assessment Tool is Needed• Project Objectives• Methodology• Alaskan Inuit Food Security Definition• Over-Arching Drivers of Food Insecurity and
Security• Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual
Framework• Sharing the Framework
Photo: Jackie Clevland
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ICC’s beginning
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What We Work On• Food security• Language • Human and indigenous
peoples’ rights• Environment• Climate Change• Contaminants• Sustainability• Biodiversity• Culture and Language• Resource Development• Arctic Sovereignty• Health
Photo: Brandon Ahmasuk
Photo: Mary Sage
Photo: Majia Lukin
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ICC’s International Engagements• Arctic Council• Task Force on Oil Spill
Response• Inuit Health• Commission on Human Rights• Mercury Expert Group• POPS Expert Group• RAMSAR• WIPO• UNFCC• Convention on Biological
Diversity• International Whaling
Commission• UNEP (incl. INC)• CITIES
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Photo: Mary Sage
Photo: Jacki Clevland
Photo: Maija Lukin
Photo: Maija Lukin
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Jackie Cleveland
1. Provide an understanding of arctic food in/security, from an Alaskan Inuit perspective
2. Identification Of Drivers Of Food In/Security
1. Create A food security conceptual framework to guide how to assess food in/security across both cultural and environmental systems.
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Jackie Cleveland
Methodology
• Advisory Committee
• Community Involvement• Meeting With Inuit Traditional Knowledge Holders
• Regional Workshops/ Evaluation And Validation
• Review
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Chukchi SeaChukchi SeaBeaufort SeaBeaufort Sea
Northwest ArcticNorthwest Arctic
Yukon-KuskokwimYukon-Kuskokwim
Bering StraitsBering Straits
North Slope ArcticNorth Slope Arctic
Mekoryuk
Gambell
Kaktovik
Bering SeaBering Sea
Bristol BayBristol Bay
Kivalina
Point lay
Lower KalskagPilot Station
Emmonak
AtmautluakToksook Bay
Wales
KobukSelawik
Stebbins
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Alaska Inuit Food Security is the natural right
of all Inuit to be part of the ecosystem, to
access food, to care-take, protect, and respect
all of life, land, water, and air.
Photo: Jacki Clevland
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Allowing for all Inuit to obtain, process, store and
consume sufficient amounts of healthy and nutritious
preferred food, foods that are physically and
spiritually craved, and needed, from the land, air, and
water and which provide for their families and future
generations through the practice of Inuit customs and
spirituality, languages, knowledge, policies,
management practices and self-governance. Photo: Jacki Clevland
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It includes the responsibility and ability to pass on
knowledge to younger generations the taste rooted in
a location (time and space – seasonality), how to
safely obtain and prepare traditional foods for use
medicines, clothing, housing, nutrients, and overall
how to be within ones’ environment, understanding
that food is a life line and a connection between the
past and today’s self and cultural identity. Photo: Jacki Clevland
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Inuit food security is characterized by environmental
health and is made up of six interconnecting
dimensions, Inuit culture, Availability, Accessibility,
Health and Wellness, Stability, and Decision-making
power and management. This definition holds the
understanding that without food sovereignty, food
security will not exists.
Photo: Jacki Cleveland
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• Value of food• Spirituality• Language and
terminology• Respect• Sharing systems• Knowledge of how to
obtain, process, store & consume traditional foods
• Knowledge of Inuit calendars
• Control over ones own fate
• User Conflict• Burden of conservation• Mental health• Rapid speed of change• Ability to adapt• Ability to live off of
resources of the land, water and air
• Economics• Change in ice
Photo: Jaimie Ablowaluk
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Food Security
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AvailabilityFood
Security
Stability
Decision Making Power & Management
Health & Wellness
Accessibility
Inuit Culture
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Photo: Jacki ClevelandPhoto: Jacki Cleveland
Photo: Carolina Behe
Photo: Carolina Behe
Photo: Carolina Behe
Photo: Carolina Behe
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Baseline
1. Listing of all processes involved in obtaining, processing, and storage of food processes and changes; this list should include all requirements and tools required, such as housing structures, freezers, temperatures, wood, seal oil, etc.
1. Is there effective consultation for planning, implementation and evaluation
Photo: Jacki Cleveland
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Photo: Kelly Eningowuk
Points Stressed
• Decision making power
• Food Sovereignty
• An accumulation of over-arching drivers
• An increase in competition will increase user conflict
• Inuit Traditional Knowledge
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Recommendations
• Virtual Clearinghouse
• Regional protocols
• Move away from research that translates Inuit TK into science
• Strengthen co-management structures
• Formation of a food security council or game council
Photo: Kelly Eningowuk
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Finished Product
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Quyanaq, Quyana, Taikuu
www.iccalaska.org
Noah F. NaylorNoah F. Naylor
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Decision Making Power and Management –Ability to manage lands, waters and resources (FS)Power dynamics – self regulation (FS)Perceived and reality of control over fate (FS)Strength of co-management structures (FS & FI)Loss of resource benefits and income (FI)Federal and state regulations/jurisdiction (FS & FI)User Conflict (FI)Burden of conservation (FI)Increase in competition (FI)Taxation without representation & representation with low understanding of Inuit culture and Inuit ecological regions (FI)Respect for and equality of knowledge systems (TK and science) (FS)Preparedness for large shocks, such as preparedness for oil and emergency response (FS)Meaningful, equitable involvement in research (FS)Racism (FI)
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Availability -Variety - number of different animals and plants in the area (may also be referred to as biodiversity (FS)Knowledge of how to obtain, processes, store and consume traditional foods (FS)Knowledge of seasonality – Inuit calendars (FS)Being able to eat what has been gathered from last season (FS)
Accessibility –Access to traditional territories (FS & FI)Ability to live off of the resources of the land, water and air (FS & FI)Economics (Inuit economy, cash [market] economy, government subsidies (FS & FI)Water sources (i.e. multi-year ice, river ice, etc.) (FS & FI)Access to tools and possessing the ability to access healthy animals, plants, fish, ice, water, etc. (FS & FI)
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Inuit Culture -Value of Food (FS)Spirituality (FS)Language and Terminology (FS)Education and Transfer of Knowledge (FS)Sharing Systems (FS)Respect (FS)Celebration, Games, and Feast (FS)Social Interaction (FS)Dance, Art, and Music (FS)Self- and Cultural Identity (FS)Clothing, Tools (FS)Maintaining Inuit Leadership and Knowledge Holders (FS)How to be Within the Environment (Cosmology) (FS)Time Constraints (FI)Act of gathering, processing, storing and consuming traditional foods (FS)Physical Safety (e.g. navigation skills) (FS)Knowledge of food systems of yesterday and today (FS)Relationship with animals (socio-ecological system) (FS)
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Health and Wellness –Environmental integrity and productivity to withstand pollution (noise and light pollution, garbage, contaminants, waste water, etc.), erosion, habitat destruction, etc. (FS)Increased vulnerability throughout the food chain (FI)Degradation of healthy food systems and overall health (e.g. increases in chronic disease such as cancer) (FI)Nutrition – ability to access and absorb (FS)Accessibility to traditional medicines and healers (FS)Accessibility to western medicine and health care professionals (FS)Land fill system (FS & FI)Sanitation system (FS & FI)Mental Health (FS & FI)Housing structures (FS & FI)Mixed diet of traditional and non-traditional foods (FI and FS)
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Health and Wellness –Environmental integrity and productivity to withstand pollution (noise and light pollution, garbage, contaminants, waste water, etc.), erosion, habitat destruction, etc. (FS)Increased vulnerability throughout the food chain (FI)Degradation of healthy food systems and overall health (e.g. increases in chronic disease such as cancer) (FI)Nutrition – ability to access and absorb (FS)Accessibility to traditional medicines and healers (FS)Accessibility to western medicine and health care professionals (FS)Land fill system (FS & FI)Sanitation system (FS & FI)Mental Health (FS & FI)Housing structures (FS & FI)Mixed diet of traditional and non‐traditional foods (FI and FS)
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Stability –Adapt to changes (FS)Rapid speed of change (FI)Inuit mental security - in reference to the legal protections for the environment from pollutants, etc. and for the culture against forced assimilation. (FS)Integrity of Interaction Systems – Marine, Terrestrial, Culture, and and Social-ecological (FS & FI)Hope (FS)