SIEMENS

Project Report

On

Industrial Summer Training

At: Submitted by:

Siemens Ltd. Akshat Gupta Transportation and Signaling Division (0981154905) Delhi

(June-July 2008)

Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of EngineeringPaschim Vihar, New Delhi

(2005-2009)

Certificate

This is to certify that Akshat Gupta has successfully completed his 8 weeks summer industrial training from Siemens Ltd.,Delhi.

His performance during the training period has been found to be satisfactory. During his tenure as a trainee he has maintained the decorum of the office.

  

Mr. Vijay Azad Mr. Anupam AroraSenior Executive Engineer Senior ManagerSiemens Site Office TS divisionPaschim Vihar Siemens Ltd.

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Acknowledgement

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task is incomplete without the mention of the people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with success.

I am grateful to Mr. P. Tandon (Project Manager, SIEMENS LTD, New Delhi) for giving me an opportunity to enhance my skills as an Engineer by allowing me to join this esteemed organization as a trainee. I am also very thankful to Ms Chhavi Kumar (HR Personnel SIEMENS LTD, New Delhi).

I am grateful to Mr. Anupam Arora (Senior Manager, SIEMENS Ltd., New Delhi) my project guide for giving me an opportunity to visit the site office, which helped me a lot in knowing about the practical implementation of a project.

I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Vijay Azad (Senior Executive Engineer, SIEMENS Ltd., New Delhi) for his invaluable guidance and support throughout my training. It has been a great experience to work under his supervision as he always kept my morale high and willingly cleared even the most trivial doubts of mine.

I am very thankful to Mr Ravindra Chauhan and Mr. Dinesh for helping me a lot during the maintainance work at metro sites.

Special thanks to Mr. Sanjeev Sharma (Administration Incharge, SIEMENS LTD) for his cooperation and help during my training work and project work.

At last but not the least I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to staff of Transportation System Division, SIEMENS LTD, who helped me directly or indirectly throughout my training.While working on this Project I realized that a company like SIEMENS is not only a Store house of capable Engineers but also proficient managers and that every project done over here requires a true blend of technical and managerial skills.

There is no substitution to ‘Team Work’; this is one of the lessons I learnt during my training in SIEMENS LTD. Akshat Gupta

(Trainee)

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Company Profile

Transportation System

Overview of DMRC

Signaling in DMRC

Overview of signaling

o Interlocking

o Overview of FTGS

o ATP

o ATS

Master clock

Testing of Cables

Power for Electric Trains

Conclusion

References

APPENDIX

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Introduction

Signaling system world over are provided not only to make optimum use of the

existing line capacity, but also to provide safe train operation by reducing human

dependence

Rail signaling and safety systems provide smooth operation of suburban and main-

line railways. They are complex facilities consisting of various subsystems and

devices, which must be properly matched. Each component, from interlocking to

point machine, is basic to safe railway operations especially in view of the increasing

demands to be met by modern railway systems.

Interlocking is a mechanism to check the route the train is going to traverse before

clearing the signal and to prevent the clearing of signal when it is unsafe for the

movement. Automatic train control systems from Siemens are an essential

component

of rail signaling and safety. It eliminates human error and ensures safety in train

operations. It also controls points, to allow train to change the line. Track circuits,

which used to detect train presences are also controlled by interlocking system.

SCADA systems are typically used to perform data collection and control at the

supervisory level. Some systems are called SCADA despite only performing data

acquisition and not control. SCADA is the acronym for Supervisory Control And Data

Acquisition.

The supervisory control system is a system that is placed on top of a real-time

control system to control a process that is external to the SCADA system (i.e. a

computer, by itself, is not a SCADA system even though it controls its own power

consumption and cooling). This implies that the system is not critical to control the

process in real time, as there is a separate or integrated real-time automated control

system that can respond quickly enough to compensate for process changes within

the time constants of the process. The process can be industrial, infrastructure or

facility based.

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COMPANYPROFILE

SIEMENS LTD.

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HISTORY

Siemens was founded by Werner von Siemens on October 1, 1847, based on the telegraph he had invented that used a needle to point to the sequence of letters, instead of using Morse code. The company – then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske – opened its first workshop on October 12.

In 1848, the company built the first long-distance telegraph line in Europe; 500 km from Berlin to Frankfurt am Main. In 1850 the founder's younger brother, Sir William Siemens (born Carl Wilhelm Siemens), started to represent the company in London. In the 1850s, the company was involved in building long distance telegraph networks in Russia. In 1855, a company branch headed by another brother, Carl von Siemens, opened in St Petersburg.

In the 1950s and from their new base in Bavaria, S&H started to manufacture computers, semiconductor devices, laundry machines, and pacemakers. Siemens AG was incorporated in 1966. The company's first digital telephone exchange was produced in 1980. In 1988 Siemens and GEC acquired the UK defense and technology company Plessey. Plessey's holdings were split, and Siemens took over the avionics, radar and traffic control businesses

Chief Executives

Werner von Siemens (1847-1890) Wilhelm von Siemens (1890-1919) Carl Friedrich von Siemens (1919-1941) Hermann von Siemens (1941-1956) Ernst von Siemens (1956-1968) Gerd Tacke (1968-1971) Bernhard Plettner (1971-1981)

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Karlheinz Kaske (1981-1992) Heinrich von Pierer (1992-2005) Klaus Kleinfeld (2005-2007) Peter Löscher (2007

The company has around 450,000 employees (in continuing operations) working to develop and manufacture products, design and install complex systems and projects, and tailor a wide range of solutions for individual requirements. The company has some state of the art production facilities in about 50 countries, which they harness to provide solutions to their clients in about 190 countries.For over 160 years, Siemens has stood for technical achievements, innovation, quality, reliability and internationality.In fiscal 2007, Siemens had revenue of €72.4 billion and income from continuing operations of €3.9 billion (IFRS).

In India SIEMENS Ltd. is a leading electrical and electronics company. Established in 1922, it was incorporated as a company in1957 and in 1962 it was converted into a public limited company. It operates in the Energy, Industry, Healthcare, Transportation, Information, Communications and Components business segment.In addition the Siemens’ Group in India has presence in the field of Power Design, Renovation and Modernization of the existing power plants also it is present in the manufacturing of lightning and household goods.

BUSINESSES OF SIEMENS

Industry Energy Healthcare Cross-Sector Businesses Strategic Equity Investments Other Operations

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R&D At Siemens:

With about 50,750 patents, Siemens is one of the most innovative companies anywhere. The current spheres of innovation of Siemens’ are as under:

1. Sensor Technology2. Clean Energy 3. Materials Research 4. New Light Sources 5. Medical Imaging 6. Robots and Agents

Presence of Siemens in different segments in India:

Energy: Siemens has commissioned India’s largest HVDC project.

Information Technology: Siemens Information Systems Ltd. is one of the leading systems integrator and total software solutions provider with 1400 software developers working in India.

Transportation: Siemens (TS) division manufactures state-of-the-art signaling, automation and Electrification equipment for railways and locomotives.

Healthcare: Siemens’ medical provides full range of diagnostic, therapeutic and life saving solutions in India

Communication: Siemens Public Communication India Pvt Ltd. provides network and switching products, design and commissioning for both basic and cellular telephony in the carrier segment.

Lighting: Osram India Pvt Ltd. is a leading player in the Indian lighting industry. Osram introduced energy efficient T5 Fluorescent lamp in India. Also provided lighting for Delhi–Noida expressway and implemented CAT 3 landing system at Indira Gandhi International Airport.

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SIEMENS.

Siemens, which has its headquarters in Berlin and Munich, is undeniably a Global Powerhouse in electrical engineering. It has more than 4,40,000 employees around the world working to develop and manufacture leading edge products, design and install complex systems and projects, and tailor a range of individualized services as varied as their customers' requirements.

The Company operates some SOD-production facilities in over 50 countries by harnessing innovative technologies and comprehensive know-how , they help their customers in more than 190 countries meet their business and technical needs.

Innovative solutions offered by their Energy, Industry, Information and Communication, Healthcare, Transportation, Lighting and Components segments as well as their Financing & Real Estate activities help improve living standards around the globe.

The success lies in the timetable that allowed for "no ifs, ands or buts" – their ten points program. It contains specific measures in three areas:

Reorienting business portfolio. Applying a set of binding management tools. Preparing to list Siemens in New York stock exchange.

It has strengthened its know-how in Internet technologies with acquisitions in the US broadband communications market. The Internet is increasingly shaping business at Siemens. They are using eCommerce to systematically integrate customers and suppliers into the operations. They are gaining further benefits of cost, quality and time.

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SIEMENS.IN INDIA

Siemens Ltd. is a leading electrical and electronics engineering company in India. Established in 1922, it was incorporated as a company in 1957 and in 1962 was converted into a public limited company with 51 % of its equity held by Siemens AG and the remaining 49% held by Indian shareholders. It operates in the Energy, Industry, Healthcare, Transportation, Information, Communications and components business segments. It also operates joint ventures in the fields of telecommunications and information technology.

In addition, Siemens Group in India has presence in the field of Power Design, Renovation & Modernization of existing power plant, Lighting, and Household goods. The Siemens Group in India has a widespread marketing and distribution network in addition to multiple manufacturing facilities in India. It also has a well-organized up-market value addition in Engineering, Software, System Integration, Erection, Commissioning and Customer Services.

Siemens long association with India began in the year 1867 when Werner Von Siemens personally supervised the laying of the first transcontinental telegraphic line between Calcutta and London.

Siemens has played an active role in the technological progress experienced in the last three decades. In the 60's the nations expanding investment in power generation called for a range of high quality electrical and auxiliary equipments. Siemens grew out of a response to this need. First in a small way assembling switchboards at workshop in Bombay. Later, manufacturing units were installed in Bombay and Calcutta. With products as varied as Switchgears, Motors, Drives and Automation Systems, Switchboards, Power Systems Automation, Railway Signaling Systems, Medical Engineering and Telecommunication Equipments.

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Siemens extensive network in India includes 10 manufacturing units, 12 sales offices, 30 representatives, 350 dealers and system houses. Being closely related to Siemens AG, Germany gives Siemens India access to the world's latest developments in every field. Siemens technology has been made available to reputed Indian Organizations in the form of collaboration agreements with BHEL, BEL, HMT, ECIL and Mafatlal Industries to name a few. Besides associates and subsidiary companies have been formed like Siemens Business Communication Systems Limited (SBCSL), for the marketing of EPABX; Siemens Information Systems Limited (SISL) and Siemens Communication Software Limited (SCSL), for software mainly for exports; Siemens Public Communication Network Limited (SPCNL), for complete telecommunication solutions for the public communication networks for both government and private sector telecom in India; Siemens Metering Limited (SML) formerly known as VXL Landis & Gyr Limited is engaged in the manufacture, sales and service of electromechanical single phase and three phase meters for residential and commercial applications; Information Communication Mobile(ICM),for providing total network solutions for the GSM Mobile operators, Information Communication Networks(ICN), provides telecom solutions for the Wire line operators. ICM & ICN have now become a part of Siemens Limited.

Siemens with its global experience and expertise in the above sectors has helped to keep India in the frontline of International Technology.

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DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF SIEMENS LIMITED IN INDIA

Siemens true international presence is well established by the diversified markets that it serves by manufacturing products ranging from switchgears to mobiles, from providing power to providing the most ultra-modem medical machines and equipments.

Its major segments of work in India are:

Energy

Siemens India partners public and private power utilities and industries to generate clean power and ensure its efficient transmission and distribution. Their capabilities include concept, design, engineering, local manufacture, installation, commissioning and service of a wide range of products and solutions across the entire chain. Siemens Power Generation Division offers electrical and automation solutions and service renovation & modernization for various types of power plants. Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution Division provides a complete range of medium and high voltage switchgear, medium voltage switchboards, protection & control systems, energy management systems and undertakes turnkey projects up to 800 kV as well as HVDC systems.

Some Highlights:

Over one-third of power generated in India uses Siemens technology Siemens' MV factory (Kalwa) is a centre of Competence and Technology for

switchgear up to 52 kV and exports to 15 countries Siemens has commissioned India's largest HVDC transmission project Siemens Power Engineering Pvt. Limited global competence center

undertake total power plant engineering from concept to commissioning.

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Information Technology Siemens India provides high end IT consultancy and solutions. Siemens Information Systems Ltd. (SISL) is one of India's leading systems integrator and total software solutions providers. Siemens has seven domain-focused software development centers in India, employing over 1400 software developers, functional engineers and business specialists. SISL undertakes high-end software development in embedded systems, process automation, hospital information systems, medical imaging, employee relationship management, supply chain management customer relationship management and other business solutions, in addition to security (biometrics and imaging) for clients ranging from media to pharmaceuticals.

Highlights - SISL

It is the largest implementation partner for SAP AG in India. SISL works closely with several Siemens AG groups, for example with Rail Consult GmbH to execute ticketing systems in the Netherlands and Germany.

SISL has worked with the EPFO to develop a prototype for India's Social Security System.

SISL has achieved SEI CMM Level 5 for quality and SEI PCMM Level 3 certification for HR practices, a status, which only a few companies in the world have been awarded.

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Transportation

In today's world of rapid communication, efficient transportation is of paramount importance. And Indian Railways being the second largest railway network in the world has a very special role to play in the mass transportation of goods and passengers. Indian Railways network covers over 62,000 kilometers and about 7050 stations. Thus it is very important that all existing networks must be utilized to the optimum efficiency. Traffic movement must be fast and swift. Safety, reliability and economy must be interlocked.

Siemens India supports India's railway infrastructure and automobile manufacturers with cost-effective passenger safety & comfort products and systems.Siemens Transportation Systems Division (TS) manufactures state-of-the-art safety and comfort systems such as signaling systems, traffic control and automation, electrification, traction equipment for locomotives and mass transit vehicles.TS also maintain rolling stock and undertake turnkey projects for urban rail transport. Siemens VDO Automotive Ltd. manufactures a wide range of dashboard instruments and related electronic accessories, and other electronic gadgets for various automotive users in India.

Some highlights:

Siemens pioneered the railway signaling system, which helps the efficient management of Mumbai's suburban train services.

Siemens VDO is a global competence center for Mechanical Speedometer movement, MoT AS.

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Healthcare

Medical engineering is constantly enhancing the effectiveness of the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities now available to the medical profession. The rapid advances in electronics have resulted in phenomenal benefits accruing to modem medicine. Non-invasive, imaging, faster and accurate diagnosis and paper-free documentation of patient data are just a few of the benefits.

Siemens India supports medical fraternity and millions of Indians with their comprehensive range of healthcare products, solutions and services.

Siemens Medical offers a full range of diagnostic, therapeutic and life saving solutions that include CT, MRI, US, NM, Angio, Digital Radiography Systems, Radiology Networking Systems, Lithotripsy, Linear Accelerators. Siemens Hearing Instruments provides a breakthrough for hearing impaired across the social strata, with a broad range of hearing aids.

Some highlights

Siemens' Goa factory is a Centre of Competence for high frequency X-ray units and has the global mandate for export of Multimobil 2.5

Siemens setup India's first film free diagnostic system by integrating their medical equipments with Siemens Information Systems Ltd.'s Hospital Information Systems.

Siemens Hearing Instruments Pvt. Ltd. Has pioneered the Hearing Care Center concept, a one stop solution that caters to the needs of the hearing impaired, in

India.

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Communication

Siemens India provides a whole range of convergence solutions combining voice, data, video and mobility. Siemens Public Communication Networks Pvt. Ltd. provides network and switching products, design and commissioning services for both basic and cellular telephony in the carrier segment. Additionally Siemens Enterprise Networks Division offers high-end solutions for large & medium enterprises.Siemens Mobile Phones division provides a wide range of mobile devices for the retail segment.

Siemens Public Communication Networks Pvt. Ltd.'s software development center, Siemens Communication Software (SCS) in Bangalore, has made its mark in software development for telecom applications and has been given the global lead for developing GSM and 3G/UMTS network software.

Some highlights:

Siemens Public Communication Networks Pvt. Ltd. is one of India's leading network providers and has commissioned over 5 million EWSD lines in India

Siemens Enterprise Networks division is a market leader in the enterprise networks sector in India.

SCS is Siemens' fourth largest software development center in the world; has developed the "Centrex Manager" software solution for Deutsche Telecom

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Lighting

Osram India Pvt. Ltd. is a leading player in the Indian lightening industry. Osram designs and manufactures economical, long life lightning products for the consumer and professional segments in India. It’s broad. Portfolio of products encompasses incandescent ,fluorescent and compact lamps that have applications in general lightning, scientific, automotive, photo optic signaling, airfield, electric control gear and other special areas. Its design center near Delhi develops lamp designs for Osram Sylvania.

Some highlights are

Osram India Pvt. Ltd. was the first to introduce the energy efficient T5 fluorescent lamp in India.

Osram provided lightning for the Delhi-Noida Expressway and for the sophisticated CAT3 landing system for New Delhi's International Airport.

It has contracts to provide lighting facilities to the corporate office and installations of several large Indian business houses.

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Industry

Modem distribution and control gear technology have changed considerably. This is due to the increased operating requirements demanded by today's industry.Siemens India partners the Indian industry with products, systems, solutions and services to help clients maintain efficiency and boost productivity of their plant over its entire lifecycle. Siemens Automation & Drives Division offers automation and drives, including standard & customized motors, LV switchgear, systems for process & motion control, industrial automation and low voltage distribution. Switchgear Siemens switchgears conforming to IS 13947 are available, pre tested and co-ordinated for long and reliable operations. Infact, the switchgear unit was the first in India to receive ISO 9001 certification from RWTUV Germany in 1993.

Siemens Industrial Solutions & Service Division undertakes turnkey projects from concept, trough engineering, procurement, supplies, installation, to commissioning and after sales services. Siemens Building Technologies Pvt. Ltd. undertakes the supply, installation, testing, engineering, commissioning and maintenance for building automation, safety & control.

Some highlights:

Siemens Automation & Drives Division's manufacturing operations are amongst the top five Siemens facilities worldwide.

India's first Highway Traffic Management System successfully commissioned by Siemens Industrial Solutions & Services Division.

Siemens Building Technologies Pvt. Ltd introduced the concept of Integrated Building Management System in India.

A Siemens -led consortium is building India's first private international airport in Bangalore.

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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Efficient transportation is an essential part of a supportive infrastructure. Railways have a special role to play in mass transpotation of passengers and goods. Therefore, all existing networks must be utilized to the optimum efficiency. Safety, reliability and economy must be interlocked. This can be achieved only if the operations are centralized and made visually available. Siemens continues to maintain their leading position in the safety system for the railways. Siemens has provided electric railway signaling equipments that has increased speed and safety of travel. In the centralized route rela y interlocking system, the operator sets a safe train route, visually indicated on the control panel, which eliminate all conflicting moves. Siemens Automatic Warning System (AWS) already in operation on the Central and Western Railways ensures safety through immediate halting of a train that crosses a red signal.

SAFETY SYSTEM

IN 1983, Siemens Transportation System supplied the first microcomputer interlocking for an industrial railway. By mid 1992, about 60 interlocking comprising of some 11,000 signals and switches had been linked into mass transit and main line system, making the Siemens Transportation System the world leader in microcomputer interlocking.

CONTROL SYSTEM

Back in 1975, Siemens began suppling computer-based remote control and monitoring system for traction power supply. Today the funtionality of these control systems has been expanded to include infrastructure facilities such as Lighting,Public Address System, Ticket Vending Machines,Closed Circuit TV Surveillance and Escalators.

TS IN INDIA

Siemens has constantly supported the indian railways. Siemens has played a pioneering role in the introduction and installation of railway signaling system including relay based interlocking, track circuit and motor operated point machines. With access to the latest technology from Siemens AG, the division is all set to undertake trunkey projects for urban transportation, mass rapid transport projects, traction substations, overhead contenary and long distance transmission lines. The product fortfolio includes:

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Railway signaling and safety systems Traffic control and automation Railway electrification Traction equipment for locomotives and multiple unit system Mass transit vehicle and trunkey projects for urban mass transit.

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Need for MRTS

As cities grow in size, the number of vehicular trips on road system goes up. This necessitates a pragmatic policy shift to discourage private modes and encourage public transport once the level of traffic along any travel corridor in one direction exceeds 20,000 persons per hour.

Introduction of a rail based (MRTS) Mass Rapid Transit System is called for. Mass Rapid Transit Systems are capital intensive and have long gestation period. It has been observed that in developed countries, planning for mass transit system starts when city population size exceeds 1 million; the system is in position by the time the city population is 2 to 3 million and once the population exceeds 4 million or so, planned extensions to the Mass Rapid Transit Systems is vigorously taken up. In developing countries including India, because of paucity of funds planning and implementation of rail based Mass Rapid Transit Systems has been lagging far behind the requirements.

The city of Delhi with a population of round 12 (16.2) million should have had an MRTS network of at least 100 (300) KM by this time, whereas actually it is still (65.10 kms) at the take-off stage. Delhi has all the ideal dress-up for an excellent Mass Rapid Transit System to be brought in. It has wide roads (roads cover 23% of the city area) where road possession for construction is not difficult (except in the old city area). Implementation will also not involve demolition of large scale private properties. Most of the land required is under Government control and hence can be

easily acquired.

The citizens are enlightened and would eagerly welcome introduction of people friendly MRTS though they may initially face some difficulties during the implementation phase. Added to this Delhi has an unassailable advantage in its excellent railway network comprising two rings and six spurs totaling about 120 KM within the urban area.

Unfortunately, these Rail assets are not presently fully being utilized as its share of commuter traffic is only a mere 2%.

 

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Delhi has experienced phenomenal growth in population in the last few decades. Its population has increased from 57 lakhs in 1981 to 120 (162) lakhs in 1998 (2006) and is poised to reach 132 (190) lakhs by the year 2001 (2011). For want of an efficient mass transport system, the number of motor vehicles has increased from 5.4 lakhs in 1981 to 30 (51) lakhs in 1998 (2007) and is (increasing at the rate of 6.21 per annum). The number of motor vehicles in Delhi is now more than that of Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai put together. The result is extreme congestion on Delhi roads, ever slowing speeds, increase in road accidents fuel wastage and environmental pollution with motorized vehicles alone contributing to about two thirds of the atmospheric pollution.

Today the traffic on roads of Delhi is a heterogeneous mix of cycles scooters buses cars and rickshaws jostling with each other. This has resulted in a chaotic situation so much so that due to road accidents, the average number of persons killed per day has increased to 5 and of those injured to 13. The position is expected to deteriorate further in the years to come.

To rectify this situation the Government of India and the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, in equal partnership have set up a company named Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. under the Companies Act,1956 which has (already commissioned a 65.10 kms route in Phase-I and is proceeding ahead with another 121 kms in Phase –II).

 

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DMRCSTATION

OVERVIEW

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OVERVIEW OF A TYPICAL DMRC STATION

At DMRC, a station has been divided into various departments or systems for effective functional and operational maintenance. The following flowchart shows a functional classification of each station.

Abbreviations used:

DMRC: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

E&M: Electrical and Mechanical

TVS: Tunnel Ventilation System

BMS: Building Management SystemThe electrical and mechanical system comprises of five sub-divisions. This segregation has been done for achieving the ease of overall maintenance.

Tunnel Ventilation System (TVS) covers the tasks involved in tunnel ventilation. This system can be operated in three modes:

1. Normal Mode2. Congestion Mode3. Emergency Mode

Environment Control System (ECS) looks into the air-conditioning of stations and temperature maintenance.

Electrical System includes functioning and maintenance of escalators, lifts, etc.

Hydraulic System includes the maintenance of sewage and seepage pumps, water tanks and water supplies at a station.

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DMRC Station

E & M system

TVS ECS BMS Electrical Hydraulics

Building Management System (BMS) is meant for monitoring and automatic control of all these four systems. It is also included in the E&M System.

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SIGNALING

IN DMRC

BY SIEMENS

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OVERVIEW OF SIGNALLING

The Signaling system is the heart of the metro system, which makes sure that the operational performance can meet the requirements of a profitable system within the constraints of passenger safety.

The Siemens integrated signaling system solution of Mass Transit is a safe, reliable, advanced Automatic Train Control System comprising the following subsystems:

Subsystem Task Siemens Solution

Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) VICOS (Vehicle and Infrastructure Control and Operating System )

Interlocking SICAS ECC (Siemens Computer Aided Signaling Element Control

Computer)Automatic Train Protection (ATP) Covered by LZB 700 MTrack Vacancy Detection (TVD) FTG S

Signals K 400 type for long rangesS 140 type for short ranges

Point machines BSG Antr. 9 in Depot areaS 700 K on Main Line

Overview of the subsystems

Signaling system world over are provided not only to make optimum use of the existing line capacity, but also to provide safe train operation by reducing human dependence.The philosophies of modern railway signaling system are:

Line capacity optimization. Efficient and safe train control. Real time train running information. Safety enhancement, it is the fundamental requirement that in the event of

any equipment failure the safety of trains must be ensured - a fail safe concept i.e.The signals must go to RED and not green if any equipment fails. The volume of traffic is increasing beyond control. More than ever, innovative

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solutions are needed in order to ensure mobility tomorrow - a future that is simply inconceivable without rail-based transportation.Rail signaling and safety systems provide smooth operation of suburban and main-line railways. They are complex facilities consisting of various subsystems and devices, which must be properly matched. Each component, from interlocking to point machine is basic to safe railway operations especially in view of the increasing demands to be met by modern railway systems.

Various signaling systems used to ensure safety are:

Interlocking:

Interlocking is a mechanism to check the route the train is going to traverse before clearing the signal and to prevent the clearing of signal when it is unsafe for the movement. It eliminates human error and ensures safety in train operations. It also controls points, to allow train to change the line. Track circuits, used to detect train presence are also controlled by interlocking system.Any system of interlocking can be divided into four types:a) The outdoor equipments which are control or which monitor the state of the Railway Track as:

Signal Units - which show various position or colors indicating trains to move ahead or stop moving.

Point Machines- which sets routes moving portions of the Railway tracks Track Circuits - which monitor the occupation of Railway Track Point detectors - which detect the direction to which the track is set at

diverging points of the track.b) The indoor arrangement, which maintains logic for safe operation of trains.c) The medium connecting the indoor to the out door equipmentsd) The interfacing arrangement at the indoor equipment and the outdoor equipment end for matching the medium.

Concept of Signaling:

The signaling is basically based on the Track Vacancy Detection System. This detection can be done by using FTG S track circuits

Track vacancy detection using FTG S track circuits: In the FTG S, a coded audio-frequency alternating current is fed in at the beginning of a track section and received at the end of it. The axles of a vehicle entering such a section cause a short circuit between the rails. This axle shunt reduces the receiving voltage, which leads to the emission of a "track occupied" signal for this section.

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Additionally, continuous automatic train control systems (LZB 700) can use the transmitting equipment of the FTG S for inductively transmitting data from track to train.

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OVERVIEW OF FTGS

The designation FTG S is a German abbreviation for: Remote-fed and Coded Jointless Audio-Frequency track circuit from Siemens. FTGS track circuits are used all over the world for safeguarding tracks of main line and urban railways.

Principles and Functions:

In the FTG S track vacancy detection system, the track is electrically divided into sections. In the standard configuration (Figure 1), separation is accomplished by means of S-shaped bonds, so-called S-bonds, for a purely electrical, non-mechanical, separation of the track sections. Additionally, they allow for compensation of traction current between the two running rails. Other types of bonds, e.g. terminal bonds or modified shunt bonds are also possible.

Block Diagram

figure for FTG S standard and points configuration

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Operation:

At the beginning of the track section, the transmitter feeds an audio-frequency alternating current into the running rails; the receiver at the end of the section evaluates the incoming current. Depending on the result of the evaluation, a "track clear" or "track occupied" signal is emitted to the interlocking logic. The electronic circuit boards of transmitter and receiver are not installed at the track but are centrally housed in the signaling room, and can be situated up to 6.5 km from the track section.The length of the maximum cable connection depends on overall track and track surrounding conditions.The alternating current fed into the track circuit is frequency-modulated to safeguard against electrical interference due to harmonics content in the traction return current. For LZB telegram transmission, the system can switch over to PSK (phase shift keying) modulation, thus ensuring a higher signal-to-noise ratio for telegram transmission. In each track section, the fed-in alternating current has a specific carrier frequency, called track circuit frequency, which differs from that of the neighbouring section. This track circuit frequency can be one of eight possible frequencies, i.e. 9.5 kHz, 10.5 kHz, 11.5 kHz, 12.5 kHz, 13.5 kHz, 14.5 kHz, 15.5 kHz and 16.5 kHz, so called FTG S 917.In addition the following frequencies are possible but not generally used, i.e. 4.75 kHz; 5.25 kHz; 5.75 kHz; 6.25 kHz, so called FTG S 46.The track circuit frequencies are frequency-modulated by means of different bit patterns, ensuring a clear assignment of transmitters to receivers. When operating the system in the circuit condition "basic direction of travel", transmitting and receiving cables are separate, thus excluding dangerous electrical interference due to core contact.The track vacancy detection procedure encompasses three steps: Amplitude assessment Frequency check Coding (modulation) check

The receiving equipment only emits a "track clear" signal for the track section, when the frequency is correct, the receiver assesses the amplitude of the track voltage as sufficiently high, and the demodulator recognizes the transmitted code as correct. If this is the case, the track relays signal "track section clear".

When a vehicle axle occupies the track section, the resulting short circuit reduces the audio-frequency current in the tuning unit of the receiver to a value the receiver no longer can respond to. Switching off the excitation of the track relays emits the “track occupied” signal of the section.

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Generally there are three types of track circuits, the standard type with one transmitter and one receiver and the point’s type and the centre fed type with one transmitter and two receivers. For track circuits without LZB interface also so called crossing track circuit with one transmitter and 3 receivers are possible.

FTGS principle of an S - bond

The traction current passes both rails as well as the S-bonds between positions A and B The central point of the connection X separates the S-bond in two halves A-X and X-B. Each half of the S-bond together with the parallel running rail creates an inductive resistance. By capacitors C1 and C2 parallel resonance circuits are generated, e.g. f1 (9.5 kHz) and f3 (11.5 kHz). Directly adjacent frequencies must differ by at least 2 kHz. The centre X is normally1 common connection for both resonant circuits (2 connections are also possible). The connections and the necessary components in the track connection box are identical whether it is used as transmitter or receiver.

A train axle entering the S-bond, connects both rails with the low axle shunt resistance of less than 0.5 Ohm thus short circuiting the resonance circuit and bringing it out of tune thereby changing the inductivity of the S-bond. The track circuit voltage drops and consequently the receiver drops. The message “track circuit occupied” is initiated.

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Automatic Train Protection

Overview:

The Automatic Train Control System LZB 700 M ensures the safe passage of trains and optimized line operation as well as the signaling safety and high reliability at the same time.By means of the Audio Frequency Track Circuits (AFTC) data is transmitted inductively to the train.The automatic train protection ATP covers:

Track vacancy detection Determining and supervising the speed Initiating the emergency brake Train spacing Door release

The centralized train control ATS takes on task for traffic control and supervision. The ATS regulates the departure time and indicates it to the driver monitors the operational processes and reacts on deviations from the timetable. The Automatic Train Regulation (ATR) is part of ATS. The ATR provides the necessary driving time settings for the train departure according to the timetable.

The LZB 700 M continuous automatic train control system generally covers the train protection within the function of ATP supported by the interlocking (safety level). The track vacancy detection system is used by the interlocking as well as the automatic train control LZB 700 M continuously serves following tasks within the field of ATP:

Speed supervision Train spacing emergency braking supervision of the running direction including backward rolling door release to the required side at the stations

ATP system is based on fixed block ‘Distance-to-go’ continuous automatic train control design using coded Audio Frequency Track Circuits. ATP system provides for train detection, following train protection, interlocking logic, and on-board safety functions such as detection of door opening and over-speed enforcement etc. The design headway is 120 seconds for Line-1 and 90 seconds for Line-2. ATP has external interfaces with ATS, onboard announcement system and Train Information Management System (TIMS) of rolling stock etc. Link of Wayside ATP computers is dual redundant together through optical fibres.

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All stations with points & crossing are provided with Computer Based Interlocking (CBI). Different CBIs on the line are connected together through optical fibres in dual redundant ring configuration through fail-safe link. CBI to Wayside ATP link is also dual redundant through optical fibres.

The signal and train control system uses electrically operated switches on the main lines and stabling areas, cab signals, lineside signals at each station with point and crossing and in the depot, etc as necessary for complete system operation.

ATS system provides automatic routing setting, monitoring of train operations, and automatic train regulation by optimization of such train operating parameters as dwell time at stations and coasting strategies etc. ATS has external interfaces with ATP, Public Address System/ Passenger Information Display System, SCADA, Radio, and Master Clock etc.

Signalling & Train Control System of Delhi MRTS

Signalling & Train Control includes works in the stations, wayside, Operations Control Centre (OCC) and on-board rolling stock for Automatic Train Protection (ATP) and Automatic Train Supervision (ATS).

ATP system is based on fixed block ‘Distance-to-go’ continuous automatic train control design using coded Audio Frequency Track Circuits. ATP system provides for train detection, following train protection, interlocking logic, and on-board safety functions such as detection of door opening and over-speed enforcement etc. The design headway is 120 seconds. ATP has external interfaces with ATS, onboard announcement system and Train Information Management System (TIMS) of rolling stock etc. Link of Wayside ATP computers is dual redundant together through optical fibres.

All stations with points & crossing are provided with Computer Based Interlocking (CBI). Different CBIs on the line are connected together through optical fibres in dual redundant ring configuration through fail-safe link. CBI to Wayside ATP link is also dual redundant through optical fibres.

The signal and train control system uses electrically operated switches on the main lines and stabling areas, cab signals, lineside signals at each station with point and crossing and in the depot, etc as necessary for complete system operation.

ATS system provides automatic routing setting, monitoring of train operations, and automatic train regulation by optimization of such train operating parameters as dwell time at stations and coasting strategies etc. ATS has external interfaces with ATP, Public Address System/ Passenger Information Display

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System, SCADA, Radio, and Master Clock etc.

Interaction of the LZB 700 M Automatic Train Protection System with others

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Automatic Train Supervision

Overview:

The Automatic Train Supervision is a hierarchically structured network system with a distributed product architecture (from both a hardware and software perspective), which provides overview control and supervision.

The platform for the Automatic Train Supervision is the Vehicle and Infrastructure Control and Operating System VICOS, which is a mature Siemens product. VICOS provides a fully open architecture conforming to industry standards. Furthermore, VICOS allows both, hardware independence and full software portability and scalability.

The ATS System covers the following functions:

Train Movement Monitoring and tracking Automatic Train Regulation Route Setting Timetable Management Timetable Comparison Determination of Mileage Interlocking Control Delay Statistics

The system is divided in an Operation Control Center (OCC) and a Local Station Control (LSC).

The OCC and LSC will receive inputs related to the train movements / locations via the SICAS ECC interlocking, which has connections to the elements. Train data are transmitted via Train Radio system to the OCC and LSC as well. These inputs will be suitably displayed on the VICOS system, located in the OCC, LSC and Depot.

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Master Clock System for Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System

Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System is equipped with the Master Clock System to provide:

-          reference time for passengers and operation/maintenance personnel in public and non-public area; and

-          time signal for Systems/Sub-systems requiring time synchronisation i.e. Power SCADA, SDH, Telephone, PAS/PIDS, CCTV and NP-SCADA.

The Master Clock System comprises three major components as follows.a)      Master Clock Unit including interface modules is installed at

Shastri Park OCC.b)      Sub-master Clock Units installed at every station and the Depot.c)      Digital and Analogue Slave Clocks

  1. Time Signal Distribution to Sub-master Clocks

The Master Clock Unit is connected to the Sub-master Clocks at Stations and Depot via four RS422 channels through SDH system.The Master Clock Unit is equipped with four of U 6.3.0 Communication and Alarm Modules Serial (CAS). Each CAS module can be connected up to 16 Sub-master Clocks. The Master Clock is therefore can connect to 64 Sub-master Clocks.  2. Sub-master Clock Unit

Sub-master Clock Unit is installed in the Data Network Equipment Cabinet at the Station/Depot. It is a combination of two redundant Euro Time Centre (ETC) ETC-24R Sub-master Clock units and a ETC Changeover Unit ECO.RS422 COM port 1 of each ETC24R is connected to SDH node so that the ETC24R receives time synchronisation message from a different CAS module at the OCC via SDH network.Sub-master Clock Unit provides two clock signal outputs through a one-way two-wire transmission system called MOBALINE.Both MOBALine outputs of the Sub-master Clock are connected to an Intermediate Termination Box installed in the same Data Network Equipment Cabinet. The Intermediate Termination Box is equipped with two surge protection devices (SPD) model PC51/D from MTL Surge Technology. All clock signal cables from the slave clock circuits are terminated at this box. 

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3. Analogue Clock

METROLINE ML 1216 (SAM) of METROLINE Series from MOBATIME is selected for using as an analogue clock . Analogue clocks are powered by the ETC Sub-master Clock and 230VAC supply.In case of 230VAC supply failure, the analogue clock runs infinitely, powered by MOBALine.In case of missing MOBALine signal from the ETC Sub-master Clocks, the analogue clocks runs in free running mode, powered by 230 VAC mains for 24 hours. After 24 hours of free running mode the hands will be set to 12.00 o’clock to signalise the fault (missing synchronisation).The Analogue clock installed at the centre of each platform is provided with a Common Termination Box equipped with surge Protection Devices (SPD) for both power supply input and data line input to protect the clock against over voltage induced in power and clock data cables. 4. Digital Outdoor Clock

Digital Outdoor Clock model 420A.170.UR.SE from MOBATIME is selected for using as digital outdoor clock in MRTS Line III.In case of Mobaline failure, digital indoor clock runs infinitely on internal quartz basis. As soon as MOBALine signal recovers, the digital slave clock will synchronise to correct time automatically.In case of 230 VAC failure, clock display is blank. However, the digital indoor clock keeps correct system by means of internal battery backup.The Digital Outdoor clock installed at each end of the platform are provided with a Common Termination Box equipped with surge Protection Devices (SPD) for both power supply input and data line input to protect the clock against over voltage induced in power and clock data cables. 5. Digital Indoor Clock

Digital indoor clock model DC.57.4.R.N.N from MOBATIME is selected for using as digital indoor clock for Line-III Extension.In case of Mobaline failure, digital indoor clock runs infinitely on internal quartz basis. As soon as MOBALine signal recovers, the digital slave clock will synchronise to correct time automatically.In case of 230 VAC failure, clock display is blank. However, the digital indoor clock keeps correct system by means of internal battery backup. 

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Testing of Cables

The testing of signalling cables used in Metro was done using a meggar. Testing was done at 1100 V AC by stepping it up from 9 V DC.

Megger

An original "Insulation Tester" dating from World War IIMegger has become the generic description for a high voltage, low current insulation tester. The word is short for megohm-meter.The original Meggers were manufactured by Evershed & Vignoles Ltd., Acton Lane Works, Chiswick since 1889. They were taken over by AVO Ltd. in 1895. The word is now the registered trade mark of Megger Group Ltd.Older types have a small built-in generator. The generator is hand-driven, through gearing and a centrifugally controlled clutch slips at a predetermined speed so that a steady test voltage is obtained.Modern types work with batteries and circuitry to generate the voltage required.Both types can output test voltages of 100, 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,500 VDC, depending on model.Although any Ohmmeter or Multimeter may appear capable of similar measurements, only a Megger type instrument can test the quality of the insulation at or above its operating voltage.Choice of test voltage is normally determined by the operating voltage of the circuit under test; usually twice the operating voltage is sufficient.Two basic insulation tests are possible: Insulation to ground and insulation between conductors.

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Uninterruptible power supply

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a continuous power supply (CPS) or a battery backup is a device which maintains a continuous supply of electric power to connected equipment by supplying power from a separate source when utility power is not available. It differs from an auxiliary power supply or standby generator, which does not provide instant protection from a momentary power interruption. Integrated systems that have UPS and standby generator components are often referred to as emergency power systems.

There are three distinct types of UPS: off-line, line-interactive and double conversion (also called on-line). An off-line UPS remains idle until a power failure occurs, and then switches from utility power to its own power source, almost instantaneously. An on-line UPS continuously powers the protected load from its energy reserves stored in a lead-acid battery or flywheel, while simultaneously replenishing the reserves from the AC power. It also provides protection against all common power problems, and for this reason it is also known as a power conditioner and a line conditioner.

While not limited to safeguarding any particular type of equipment, a UPS is typically used to protect computers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss. UPS units come in sizes ranging from units which will back up a single computer without monitor (around 200 VA) to units which will power entire data centers or buildings (several megawatts).

Historically, UPSs were expensive and were most likely to be used on expensive computer systems and in areas where the power supply is interrupted frequently. As prices have fallen, UPS units have become an essential piece of equipment for data centers and business computers, and are also used for personal computers, entertainment systems and more.

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Logical Diagram of a UPS

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POWER FOR ELECTRIC TRAINS FOR DELHI MRTS

Electric Trains are envisaged to run on the underground corridor from Vishwa Vidyalaya to Central Secretariat and on the surface corridor from Barwala to Nangloi under Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System Project Phase - I. Power supply system for Delhi MRTS is being designed with adequate redundancy to ensure continuous and reliable power for running electric trains in the underground Metro Corridor and on the Surface Corridor. Total Power required for running trains with modern coaches on both the corridors is estimated to be 75 MW by the year 2005. This power will be used for running trains including auxiliary loads such as lifts, escalators, lighting, ventilation and air conditioning etc. In addition 45 MW power would be required to meet the loads for new commercial complexes planned to be built over and around MRTS stations. The power (75 MW) required to operate the trains in the MRTS corridors constitutes about 3% of the total peak hours requirement presently estimated to be 2600 MW for Delhi Area.

Presently DVB, Badarpur Thermal Power Station and Northern Region Electricity Board meet power requirement in Delhi through 3 sources namely internal power generation. Keeping in view the shortages of power in Delhi and to ensure continuous availability of quality power for running trains on the MRTS Corridors, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd, have made arrangements to get 120 MW power from NTPC Thermal Power Station at Oriya stage II by wheeling power through extra high transmission (400kv / 220kv / 66kv) network in Delhi Area. In the event of failure of Northern Grid, power supply to Delhi MRTS stations of Underground Metro Corridor will continue to be fed from the Inder Prastha (IP) Gas Turbine Power Station.

Power for the underground Metro Corridor will be received at 3 receiving stations of MRTS namely ISBT, New Delhi and Patel Chowk. Power at ISBT and New Delhi receiving stations of MRTS will be fed from IP Extension Network at 66 kv through duplicate cable feeders, which in turn is also connected, to the Gas Turbine Power Station of Delhi Vidyut Board. Similarly power at third receiving station namely Patel Chowk will be received at 66 kv through duplicate cable feeders from Park Street Sub station, which in turn is connected to IP Extension. To ensure the highest degree of reliability and all time power availability for the underground Metro Corridor, 3 MRTS Power receiving stations are inter-connected for transfer of power from one to another through Fire Retardant Low Smoke (FRLS) cable feeders. These receiving stations will be remote controlled from Centralized Operation Control Centre through Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition System (SCADA).

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In the unlikely event of total power failure due to simultaneous collapse of Northern Grid and IP Gas Turbine Power Station, emergency lighting in the tunnel and at the MRTS stations will be automatically switched on and fed the stand by Generator Sets. In addition, all the trains will also have modern Ni-Cd Batteries to continue to provide lighting and air conditioning even when the train is stopped in event of complete power failure. The ventilation and air conditioning arrangements in the tunnel and the underground stations are being so designed that emergency ventilation arrangements for the stations and tunnel will continue to be maintained from the standby Generator Sets in such exigencies.

For Rail Corridor it has been planned to avail power from NTPC Thermal Power Station at three MRTS receiving stations through 400 kV, 220 kV & 66 kV Extra High Voltage Transmission Network. In the event of failure of one source, power can be fed at 25 KV side throughout the section from the other two sources. However, in the event of complete collapse of NREB grid, arrangements are being planned to transfer power from ISBT receiving sub-station of Metro Corridor to Rail Corridor. Arrangements have been planned to supply power for lifts, escalators and station lighting from the stand by Generator Set provided at each station in the event of complete grid failure. Similarly, the coaches will be equipped with modern Ni-cd batteries to provide lighting and air conditioning when trains come to a halt due to any reason.

To ensure continuous availability of quality power for running MRTS trains, utmost efforts are being made to plan and design the power supply system with degree of reliability as prevalent in the other world Metros. 

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MERTO MAP PHASE 2

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METRO MAP OVERVIEW

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CONCLUSION

Provision of modern signaling systems as well as introduction of new technology has played a very vital role in enhancing safety levels in train working With more and more modern signaling works getting sanctioned & completed and various safety systems under development and on trial, signaling is going to provide the most viable solution for the optimal utilization of railway assets and improving efficiency in trains operation with a high level of safety.

One thing is certain: The Metro trains are playing a more and more important role in the transport of people and goods .In terms of safety, efficiency and environmental compatibility, they are a decisive step ahead of personal private transport. Intelligent Signaling and control systems from Siemens ensure the smooth coordination and operation of complex transportation systems Regional and mass transit system, Indian Railways, metros and light rail transport also depend on high tech equipment to make operations safer and to achieve even better utilization of lines. Experience has shown that as the volume of traffic increases, so too do the demands placed on the train services.

And, consequently, even higher traveling speeds impose even higher requirement on the transportation systems. Therefore, it is necessary to bring the rail signaling and safety systems regularly up to date and to supplement them with the latest technical developments.

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References

DOCUMENTS:

Signaling manual by SIEMENS

WEBSITES:

www.google.com

www.siemens.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.delhimetrorail.com

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