1. 1. AKBAR(1556-1605)0Is regarded as one of the greatest rulers of India.0 Established the dynasty as an empire0
2. 2. Problems faced by akbar0 As a new ruler he faced two main problems(out of which one point is common to all new kings) :-0 Internal and external revolts0 Because of his age hemu was plotting an attack against him.0 He faced many difficulties as no one lived long enough to consolidate it.0 Had a guardian named bairam khan who guided him, even after he became the king.
3. 3. BENEFITS OF HIS EARLY LIFE0 He had the support of bairam khan0 His revenue minister was raja todar mal,sher shahs revenue minister.He took some tips from him and managed an efficient revenue system.0 He did not have many people revolting against him
4. 4. Early life0 Jalaludin muhammedakbar was born in 1542 atamarkot in rajasthan,whenhis father was runnig insearch of shelter.
5. 5. Evidence to show humayuns andbairam khans friendship wasdifferent from others0 Bairam khan was the regent when Akbar became the king.He could have killed akbar and become the king.But he did not do that.WHY?Because he promised humayun that he will take care of akbar.This shows that their friendship was different from others.
6. 6. The second battle of panipat(november 5 1556)0 Causes:-0 Hemu the commander-in-chief of sher shah suri wanted to beome the king .So he revolted against akbar and taking advantage of his young age and the fact that he was a new king he attacked him.0 EFFECTS:- Akbar became the king and regained delhi and agra.
7. 7. The hot question-why is thisbattle famous?0it is famous because-0 It could have been anyones day.0 In the middle of the battle it was hard to predict who would win
8. 8. 2ND BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN DETAIL0 The throne to which he suceeded was not a bed of roses.0 Taking advantage of Akbars young age,hemu the commander in-chief of the afghan ruler Adil Shah (descendent of sher shah) captured Delhi and Agra.Bairam Khan marched towards Delhi .The two armies met on the november 5, 1556 at the battle field of Panipat.Both sides incurred loses.The battle turned in the favour of the mughals when an arrow struck the right eye of hemu and he became unconscious.There was a panic in his army and his soldiers began to flee.Hemu was brought captive before Akbar and execueted .Akbar regained Delhi and Agra.
9. 9. Akbars conquests0 Bairam Khan helped akbar conquer Punjab,Jaunpur,Ajmer and Gwalio.0 But by 1560 Akbar wished to rule independently.He therefore .ordered Bairam to leave on a pilgrimage to Mecca,where he was assasinated on the way by an Afghan.0 In order to establish himself firmly,Akbar set out to to extend his empire further.He adopted two methods for this-0 Matrimonial alliances0 Direct conquest
10. 10. Questions and answers1.Who is the son of humayun?2. Write a short note on the early life of akbar?3.Briefly describe the causes and effect of the second battle of panipat? How did it differ from the first battle of panipat?4.Who was akbars guardian? Did akbar give him what he deserved?Why/WHY not?5.What were the two methods adopted by akbar to establish himself firmly? Give examples where he applies his methods in situations?6.Why did akbar conquer bengal? Where is bengal located?Name anyother city conquered near bengal.
11. 11. 0 1. Identify.0 2. Who built it?Where and why did he build it there?0 3. How was he related to Akbar?
12. 12. 0 1. Identify the ruler.0 2. Who did he fight the first battle of panipatagainst and why?0 3. What were the causes for his success in thisbattle?0 4. When was the battle fought?
13. 13. 0 1. Identify the two peoples statue.0 2. Who erected it and where and when?0 3. Mention any one cultural contribution of this erected these statues.
14. 14. Identify0 Write a short note on his-0 Conquests0 Intrests0 Early life
15. 15. Questions and answers1.Who is the son of humayun?2. Write a short note on the early life of akbar?3.Briefly describe the causes and effect of the second battle of panipat? How did it differ from the first battle of panipat?4.Who was akbars guardian? Did akbar give him what he deserved?Why/WHY not?5.What were the two methods adopted by akbar to establish himself firmly? Give examples where he applies his methods in situations?6.Why did akbar conquer bengal? Where is bengal located?Name anyother city conquered near bengal.
16. 16. By : KUNAL SINGH, KAIVALYA DESAI,AMOGH NAIGAONKAR, TAHER KAMARI,ADESHWARE GILL OF CLASS 7 C By GROUP 2
17. 17. Rules of this ppt and thequiz :PLEASE do not make any noise while the ppt is being showed .PLEASE do pay your full attention in this ppt and dont disturb others.PLEASE do watch the video as it is very interesting.PLEASE feel free to ask your doubts but please dont shout , we will answer all your doubts.PLEASE tell us if you want to answer anyones doubt , we will give everyone a chance.
18. 18. **Akbar decided early in his reign that he should conquer the threat of Sher Shahs dynasty, and decided to lead an army against the strongest of the three,Sikandar Shah Suri, in the Punjab. He left Delhi under the regency of Tardi Baig Khan. Sikandar Shah Suri presented no major concern for Akbar, and often withdrew from territory as Akbar approached.
19. 19. The Hindu king Hemu, however, commanding theAfghan forces, defeated the Mughal Army andcaptured Delhi on 6 October 1556. Akbar marched on Delhi to reclaim it . Akbarsarmy, led by Bairam Khan, met the larger forces ofHemu on November 5, 1556 at the Second Battle ofPanipat, 50 miles (80 km) north of Delhi. The battlewas going in Hemus favour when an arrow piercedHemus eye, rendering him unconscious. Theleaderless army soon capitulated and Hemu wascaptured and executed.
20. 20. Conquests0 The victory also left Akbar with over 1,500 war elephanta which he used to re-engage Sikandar Shah at the siege of Choopa. Sikandar, along with several local chieftains who were assisting him, surrendered and so was spared death. With this, the whole of Punjab was annexed to the Mughal empire. Before returning to Agra, Akbar sent a detachment of his army to Jammu, which defeated the ruler Raja Kapur Chand and captured the kingdom. Between 1558 and 1560, after moving the capital from Delhi to Agra, Akbar further expanded the empire by capturing and annexing the kingdoms of Gwalior, northern Rajputana and Jaunpur.
21. 21. Aftera dispute at court, Akbar dismissed Bairam Khan in the spring of 1560 and ordered him to leave in Hajj to Mecca. Bairam left for Mecca, but on his way was goaded by his opponents to rebel. He was defeated by the Mughal army in the Punjab and forced to submit. Akbar, however forgave him and gave him the option of either continuing in his court or resuming his pilgrimage, of which Bairam chose the latter.
22. 22. Conquests . Around the same time, the Mughal army also conquered thekingdom of the Gonds, after a fierce battle between Asaf Khan,the Mughal governor of Allahabad, and Rani Durgavati queen ofthe Gonds. However after the victory of the Mughals, Asaf Khanallegedly misappropriated most of the wealth plundered from thekingdom and later Akbar subsequently ordered him to restoresome of the wealth, apart from installing Durgavatis son, aconvert to Islam, as the local administrator of the newlyconquered region.
23. 23. Conquests0 Over the course of Akbars conquest of Malwa, he brought most of present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat and Bengal under his control, but Akbar believed that Chittorgarh Fort was a major threat to Mughal Empire because it housed Rajputs who were considered sworn enemies of the Mughals, in the year 1567, Akbar began to gather his forces who were briefly interrupted during the Battle of Thanesar, but by autumn Akbar was prepared to mount his siege.
24. 24. CONQUESTS Chittorgarh Fort was ruled by Udai Singh who oftengave refuge to the enemies of the MughalEmperor Akbar. Udai Singhs kingdom was of greatstrategic importance as it lay on the shortest routefrom Agra to Gujarat and was also considered a key tocentral Rajasthan. Fearing Akbars impending assaultUdai Singh retired to the hills, leaving twowarriors Jaimal and Patta in charge of the fort In October 1567, the Mughal army of approximately5000 men led by Akbar surrounded and besieged8000 Hindu Rajputs during the Siege of Chittorgarh andwithin a few months Akbars ranks expanded to over50,000 men. After an arduous siege Akbar ordered hismen and augmented them to lift baskets of earth inorder to create a hill in front of the fort by which theMughal Cannons could be placed.
25. 25. CONQUESTS The total loot that fell into the hands of the Mughal wasdistributed throughout the Mughal Empire. Akbar thenordered the statues of two of the "armored elephants"that led the Mughal assault be carved and erected at thechief gate of the Agra Fort. Akbar then built similarspiked-gates throughout his fortresses in order to deterelephant attacks. It is said that the brass candlestickstaken from the Kalika temple after its destruction weregiven to the shrine of Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer, ashrine that Akbar vowed to rebuild after his victory. Akbarthen celebrated the victory overChittor and Ranthambore by laying the foundation of anew city, 23 miles (37 km) W.S.W of Agra in 1569. It wascalled Fatehpur Sikri ("city of victory").
26. 26. Campaign against rajputstates Followed policy of either allying chiefs by givingthem high posts or through battles. For instance, he married Jodha Bai, eldestdaughter of Raja of Amber so that he acceptedAkbars suzerainty.
27. 27. ConquestsPunjab, Jaunpur, Ajmer, Gwaliorconquered by Bairam Khan,Adham Khan (foster brother of Akbar)defeats Baz Bahadur , ruler of Malwa.
28. 28. Conquests Gondwana (1564) annexed intoMughal Empire by Akbar.
29. 29. Campaign against rajput states Followed policy of either allyingchiefs by giving them high postsor through battles. For instance, he married JodhaBai, eldest daughter of Raja ofAmber so that he acceptedAkbars suzerainty.
30. 30. Campaign against Rajput states Other Rajput chiefs gradually accepted Akbars suzerainty. However, some chiefs refused such as Rana Pratap of Mewar were defeated by Akbar, but retained freedom after some time.
31. 31. Akbar turned attention to Bengal and annexed it in AD 1574-1576. Captured in Kashmir in AD 1586, Kabul and Kandahar in AD 1587 and Sind in AD 1590Other conquests
32. 32. Deccan Campaign After consolidating his empire, he sentofficials to persuade the rulers of : Ahmadnagar Bijapur Golconda To accept him as their suzerain. Defeated Chand Bibi Queen ofAhmadnagar and killed by her own noble.
33. 33. AD 1596 : Berar annexed. AD 1601 : Khandesh annexed.
34. 34. BY: VAIBHAV JOSHI,ROHANALLEN, RITVIK JAIN & NIVIN By GROUP 3
35. 35. AKBARS ADMINISTRATION :The administrative machinery of the Mughuls, which functioned throughout the Mughuls rule, was introduced by Akbar and that is why, by Mughul Administration, we mean Akbars Administration. Akbar was not only a brave soldier, a successful leader and a great religious reformer but also a great administrator. He introduced various reforms in all the branches of the administration, whether central, provincial, revenue, military or judicial.His administration was so good that the whole
36. 36. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION :Akbar was the overall in-charge of the central government. All the executive, judicial and legislative powers of the state were combined in him. There were no limitations on his despotism and his word was law. But Akbar had always the welfare of his people in his mind and so his was a benevolent despotism. He himself supervised all the branches of his administration and worked hard to discharge his manifold duties. He would hold an open court, listen to the complaints of his subjects and try to pacify
37. 37. Akbar was, however, assisted by a number of ministers in theadministration. Among others, the most importantministers were the Vakil, who maintained a generalcontrol over all the central departments and acted as thechief adviser of the King; Diwan, who was in-charge offinance and revenue; Mir Bakshi, who maintained therecords of all the Mansabdars and distributed pay amongthe high officials; Sadar-i-Sadur, who acted as a religiousadviser to the king, disbursed royal charity and dischargedthe function of the Chief Justice of the empire. Besidethese four ministers, there were other ministers of lowerrank- Khan-i-Saman, who was in-charge of the royalhousehold; Muhtasib, who saw that the people (Muslims)led a highly moral life according to the Muslim law;and Daroga-i-Dak Chowki, an officer who was in-charge ofthe postal and intelligence department.Refer pg 58
38. 38. PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION:Akbar divided his vast empire into fifteen (15) Subas or provinces.In each suba or province there was a Subedar, a Diwan, aBakshi, aSadar, a Qazi, a Kotwal, a Mir Bahr and Waqa-i-Nawis.The Subedar or Governor was the head of the provincialadministration. He enjoyed vast powers and was in-charge ofthe provincial military, police, judiciary and the executive. The(provincial) Diwan was in-charge of the provincial finance andall bills of payments were signed by him. The Bakshi lookedafter the management of the provincial army. The Sadar was in-charge of the judicial charity department. The Qazi was in-charge of the judicial department of his province. He supervisedthe work of Qazis in the districts and towns. The Kotwal was thesupreme administrator of all the thanas of the province andwas responsible for the maintenance of law and order in all thecities. The Mir Bahr was in-charge of customs and taxationdepartment. The Waqa-i-Nawis was in-charge of the secret
39. 39. The provinces were further divided into Sarkars and Sarkars into Parganas. The head of the Sarkar was Faujdar who kept his own small force and maintained law and order in his area. He was assisted by a number of other officials who collected the revenue, maintained the accounts and deposited the money into the state treasury. The head of the Parganas was called Shikdar whose functions were the same as those of the Faujdar in a Sarkar. Each Pargana comprised several villages. Each village was under the charge of a Muqaddam, a Patwari and a Chowkidar who carried on the work of
40. 40. MILITARY :Akbar paid much attention towards the organization, equipment and discipline of the army. For efficient military administration he introduced a new system known as the Mansabdari System. The Mansabdars had to maintain soldiers according to his grade or rank. There were thirty three grades of these Mansabdars who maintained soldiers ranging from 10 to 10,000. They were paid salaries in cash and the system of assignments of lands was discouraged. They were directly under the charge of the emperor and were promoted, degrade or dismissed at his will. He also revived the practice of taking the descriptive rolls of the soldiers and branding the horses.
41. 41. A large number of troops were, no doubt, supplied by these Mansabdars but Akbar had maintained a standing army of his own. The Mughal army consisted of infantry, cavalry, artillery, elephants, and navy. The cavalry was the most important wing of the army and special attention was paid towards its organization and equipment.He had a sharp vigilance and great discipline.
42. 42. AKBAR(TRADE AND ECONOMY )BY ADITYA.M ,SHASHANK.S,SAURAV.R,PALASH.D GROUP 4
43. 43. LAND REVENUE SYSTEMIt goes without saying that Sher Shah Suri was theforerunner of Akbar in the field of land revenue system.Sher Shah laid down the main principles which werefollowed later on in the time of Akbar. Sher Shah had fixedthe state demand at one-third of the produce and maderegulations for the equitable collection of land revenue.Sher Shahs system was adopted by Akbar with thenecessary alterations. Sher Shahs regime was too short tostabilize the system. Akbars long region gave him ampleopportunity to plan out, develop and perfect his system.
44. 44. DIVISION OF LANDS Land was divided into 4 classes. Polaj landwas that land which was regularly cultivatedand yielded revenue from year to year. Parautiland was that land which was occasionally leftuncultivated so that it may regain itsproductive capacity during the interval.Chachhar land was that land which was leftuncultivated for 3 or 4 years. Banjar land wasthat land which was left uncultivated for,, 5 ormore years
45. 45. TRADE Trade was another source of revenue.The goods which were traded were textiles,saltpetre, spices, indigo and cotton. Akbarencouraged both inland and overseas trade.He constructed roads and maintained themto encourage inland and overseas trade.India traded with China, Central Asia andEurope.
46. 46. AKBARS COINAkbar issued gold, silver as well as copper coins. His coins were similar tothose of the Sher Shah Suris coinage and it adapted their weight, fabric andthe Islamic motifs. The gold coins which were issued during Akbars reign werecommonly known as Gold Mohurs. Copper coins were known as dam andforty such dams was equal to one rupee in value. Nine such rupees wereequal to one gold mohur. Later on in 988 A.H. the heavy weight coins becamerare and light weight coins were given more importance. It is only after thisperiod that the fractional coins came into existence. Though there were quite avariety of fractions introduced, but they are rare to be found now. Akbars coins were mostly round in shape. However, in between the year993 to 998 A.H., square shaped gold and silver coins were issued. Hence, bothsquare and round shaped coins came into existence. In 998 A.H. the squareshaped coins were abandoned and after this period only round shaped coinswere minted. To commemorate some event, Akbar had issued a fewcommemorative gold coins in hexagonal shape. However, these coins areextremely rare to be found now.
47. 47. BY GROUP 5JOSHUA ,KENRICK, PARV, DAIVIKCulturalContributions.
48. 48. An Introduction..Akbar was born when his father was inexile, Thus he did not receive anyformal education, So his fatherappointed Bairam Khan as his tutor.From him, Akbar rose to become anexcellent rider, a fearless soldier,Benevolent ruler and of course a wiseadministrator.
49. 49. Akbar, With addition to religiouslearning, he wanted his people toexcel in mathematics, agriculture,history, logic and astronomy.He also held frequent discussions withReligious thinkers, scholars andwriters. Who were highlydistinguished in their respectivefields.
50. 50. Some Important People in AkbarsCourt.Abdul Fazl Wrote the Akbarnama, which is anbiography of Akbars life, and Ain -i-Akbari,which deals with the law and revenue systemof the empire.Faizi was a poet who translated theRamayana and Mahabharata into Persian.The Bhagvad Gita, the bible and other famousworks were translated into Persian, so thenormal man could read these .
51. 51. Some Important People in AkbarsCourt. Todar Mal excelled as a revenue minister. Bhagwan Das Brother of Jodha Bai (Akbars Wife)and Man Singh were excellent generals. Birbals witticism has now become a major partof the Indian Folklore. Tansen , The Greatest singer of the period,enriched the Hindustani classical music withcompositions of new ragas in honour of Akbarsempire. Humam (a Physician) , Mulla Do Piaza, ShaikhMubarak, Surdas, Tuslidas and Mira Bai alongwith others received royal patronage
52. 52. Word Meanings. Exile- anyone separated from his or her country or homevoluntarily or by force of circumstances. Benevolent-desiring to help others; charitable Witticism- a witty remark or sentence. Folklore-the traditional beliefs, legends, customs, etc., of a people;lore of a people.
53. 53. Hope You Paid Attention To ThePresentation, Cause we are goingto have a
54. 54. Rules No Shouting out answers, Raise your hand to answer. DoNot Do Like This- Each Correct Direct Answer Worth 10Points, each pass question worth 5points.Best Of Luck And May the best Team Win.
55. 55. 1. Under What Circumstance Did Akbar Not Receive Formal Education?2. Whom did his father appoint as a tutor and guardian?3. What did Akbar Excel in?4. What else did Akbar want his people to excel in?5. Name the person who wrote the Akbarnama and what is it about?6. Who translated the Ramayana and Mahabharata into Persian. ?7. Name the people who received royal patronage?8. Who was the greatest singer in Akbars time?9. Name the wife of Akbar and also her brother?10. Give the Meaning of Folklore.
56. 56. BY GROUP 6TO PAINTING AND ARCHITECTURE
57. 57. Art of painting was established Royal Karkhanas were established Artists from the empire could gather to work Local styles were blended with Persian styles. They depicted hunting scenes and court scenes usingbright blue and red. It was also used for book illustrations Two painters in fame were Jaswant and Basawan
58. 58. Most outstanding contribution New capital, FatehpurSikri 36 km from Agra. Agra was the birth place of Sufi Saint Salim Chisti. It has several fine buildings, such as Panch Mahal, JodhaBais Palace, Diwan i Khas, Jama Masjid, Ibadatkhana and Buland darwaza celebrate victory overGujarat. Most interesting building octagonal Diwan i Khas, thehall of private audience. Fatehpur Sikri was abandoned due to unavailability ofwater. Akbar preferred red sandstone to marble.
59. 59. The last days of Akbar were full of grief, because:A) His sons Murad and Danyal diedB) Salim his only surviving son had revolted against himC) Abul Fazl also died in thisD) Salim was proclaimed his successor He died in A.D. 1605
60. 60. Mansab rank given to officials especially in the army oradministration Jaziya a tax which the non muslims had to pay in amuslim country Connoiseur expert
61. 61. QUESTIONS ALLOTED FOR EACH TEAM. DISCUSSION WILL BE ALLOWED 10 POINTS FOR RIGHT ANSWER 5 POINTS FOR PASS QUESTION 15 SECONDS FOR DISCUSSION 20 POINTS FOR OPEN QUESTION 10 POINTS FOR HALF ANSWERED (OPENQUESTION) -5 FOR ANOTHER TEAM IF PERSON FROMTHAT TEAM SHOUTS OUT ANSWER SELECT A TEAMMATE TO ANSWER
62. 62. What was encouraged in Akbarsempire? What else wasestablished?A. Painting was encouragedand royal Karkhanas wereestablished.
63. 63. State the two styles whichblended with each other?A. The local styles blended withthe Persian styles
64. 64. Name the scenes depicted onthe paintings of the court?A. The paintings depictedscenes of hunting and scenes ofthe court.
65. 65. What did Akbar vow if a sonwas born to him?A. He vowed that he wouldtravel 228 miles on foot fromAgra to the tomb of MoinuddinChisti in Ajmer He fulfilled hispromise on Jahangirs birth.
66. 66. Name the tomb and the mostinteresting building of thecapital?A.The tomb Moinuddin Salim Chisti The building Diwan i khas
67. 67. Name the new capital and theextent from Delhis capital?A. Fatehpur Sikri 36 km fromAgra
68. 68. 1. Why were the last days ofAkbar full of grief? 2. What did Abul Fazl state in theAkbarnama? - In Brief3. Why was Fatehpur Sikri chosenas the capital and name somefine buildings?
69. 69. T H A N K YO U F O R WAT C H I N G C L A S S7 C S P P T O N A K BA R THIS PPT WAS COMPILED BY TAHER KAMARI,ADESHWERE GILL AND AMOGH NAIGAONKAR OF CLASS7C .