Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotic organisms Premedical - Biology.
Ajutor Premedical
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Transcript of Ajutor Premedical
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Acordarea primuluiajutor premedical
Realizat de SLIVCA ALEXEI
Profesor de istorie si ed.civica
Grad did.II
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Subcompetenta:
Proiectarea strategiilor deameliorare a propriei stări
de sănătate i de asig!rarea sec!tită"ii colective
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Obiective operaţionale: Să contientizeze necesitatea c!notin"elor
teoretice pentr! determinarea tip!l!i igravită"ii stării fizice a s!ferind!l!i
Să #i formeze deprinderi practice deacordare a prim!l!i a$!tor%insola"ii&stoparea 'emoragiilor&imo(ilizarea& respira"ie artificială& masareaindirectă a inimii& aplicarea (anda$elor&etc.)
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Obiective operaţionale: * sa e+plice ce inseamna acordarea
prim!l!i a$!tor, * sa stie c!m sa intervina& in caz de
!rgenta& pana la sosirea medic!l!i-am(!lantei,
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INTRODUCERE Proced!ri de ingri$ire medicala simple& de
!rgenta aplica(ile de catre neprofesionistipana la sosirea personal!l!i medical de
specialitate. / IL0C/IES1E / 1RA1A2E1
2E3ICAL C02PE1E1
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PRI A!UTOR 2as!ri de ingri$ire si tratament de !rgenta
aplicate !n!i (olnav sa! !nei persoanetra!matizate IAI1EA sosirii-defeririii
catre servicii medicale. 2AS/RILE 3E PRI2 A4/10R NU S/1APLICA1E C/ SC0P/L 3E A IL0C/I3IAG0S1ICAREA SI 1ERAPIA C0REC1A
2E3ICALA ofera asistenta temporara pana la sosireapersonal!l!i medical calificat
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PRI A!UTOR Scop:
Salvarea vietii Prevenirea prod!cerii in contin!are a lezi!nilor
Red!cerea la minim!m-prevenirea infectiilor Cei trei 5P6 P * Preserve Life.
P * Prevent t'e condition 7orsening. P * Promote Recover8
Face diferenta dintre: Lezi!ne temporara-permanenta Vindecare rapida- infirmitate permanenta Viata-moarte
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PRI A!UTOR
Evaluare initiala Inspectia rapida a zonei
Pericole %c!rent electric& foc& apa& 5'az mats6& o(iecteinsta(ile& asc!tite& animale)
1rafic Violenta Conditii de relief si clima Sit!atii speciale
Prel!area control!l!i calm& rapid si eficient
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PRI A!UTOR
Se vor evalua:
1. SIGURANTA proprie si a pacient!l!i
2. MEANISMU! 3E PR03/CERE A LE9I/II
Constient Inconstient
". INF#RMATII TRANSMISE PE AISPEIA!E
* 2edalion& (ratara c! sim(ol!ri* card c! informatii
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A"pecte etico#le$aleSecventa6logica6: 0(tineti consimtamant!l victimei IAI1E de A 0
A1IGE
/rmati g'id!rile si protocoalele pentr! care atifost instr!iti& fara a va depasi nivel!l decompetenta
E+plicati victimei fiecare l!cr! pe care !rmeazasa*l faceti
0data ce ati demarat asistarea victimei& n! oparasiti pana n! o deferiti !nei persoane cel p!tinla fel de calificata ca d!mneavoastra;
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PRI A!UTOR#RE%U&I DE'A(A 1. 2entineti pacient!l in dec!(it dorsal& cap!l la
acelasi nivel c! corp!l& pana la eval!areagravitatii sit!atiei.
Identificati e$ceptiile la aceasta reg!la:
Varsat!ri sa! 'emoragii in zona cavitatii (!cale*pozitie laterala de sig!ranta % la lezi!niles!spectate de coloana cervico*dorsala %<=e+plozii& >= tra!matism facial sa! GCS?@)
3ispnee* pozitie sezanda sa! semi Soc!l* mem(rele s!perioare ridicate %;) doar
daca n! se s!specteaza lezi!ni de coloana2. ! mo(ilizati pacient!l mai m!lt decat necesar.
Indepartati 'ainele c! efect restrictiv& asig!raticomfort!l termic
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PRI A!UTOR#RE%U&I DE'A(A ". Asig!rati confort psi'ic pacient!l!i
&. ! atingeti rani& ars!ri decat daca e a(sol!tnecesar. Bolositi o(iecte sterile. Bolositi (ariere.Spalati maini;
'. ! oferiti apa sa! alimente din prim!l moment
(. Imo(ilizati orice zona s!spectata a fi fract!rata.! incercati sa red!ceti fract!ra. ! mo(ilizatidecat daca e strict necesar
). 2entineti temperat!ra normala a corp!l!i
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PRI A!UTOR#a"pecteepidemiolo$iceTran*+itere de ,oli infectioa*e IV Vir!s!l 'epatitei D& C 1!(erc!loza2as!ri de protectie !niversala* orice pacient tre(!ie
considerat potential p!rtator de agenti c! transmiteresang!ina
P!rtati man!si sa! folositi alta (ariera Spalati*va mainile c! apa calda si sap!n:
La venire-plecare
Inainte-d!pa e+aminare& proced!ra 3!pa scoaterea man!sii& mastii 3!pa folosirea (atistei& toaletei& trecere prin par& activitati
administrative-gospodaresti Dariera pentr! respiratii artificiale& protectie oc!lara
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01I/I ELE2E1ARE 3EAA102IE SI BI9I0L0GIE
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Ce "e intampla daca) Se opreste respiratia. Se opresc (ataile cardiace
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&antul "upravietuirii
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*actori de ri"c le$ati de
"cena actiunii 2edi! 1rafic cladiri Electricitate Apa& foc
1o+ice Victima
Doli infectioase Into+icatii
1e'nici 3efi(rilatoare Instr!mente taioase sa! asc!tite
1raining* manec'in
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CHECK RESPONSE
Apropiaţivă atent
Aşteptaţi răspuns
Shout for helpOpen airway
Check breathing
Call 112
3 chest co!pressions
2 rescue breaths
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Shake shoulders gently
Ask “Are you all right?”If he responds
• Leave as you find him.
• Find out what is wrong.
• eassess regularly.
CHECK RESPONSE
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OPEN AIRWAY
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for helpOpen airway
Check breathing
Call 112
3 chest co!pressions
2 rescue breaths
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OPEN AIRWAY
-ead tilt and cin lift
* la8 resc!ers* non*'ealt'care resc!ers
No need for fin/er *0eep !nless solid material can (e seenin t'e air7a8
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OPEN AIRWAY
$ea" tilt% chin lift & #aw thrust! health"are professionals
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CHECK BREATHING
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for helpOpen airway
Check breathing
Call 112
3 chest co!pressions
2 rescue breaths
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CHECK BREATHING
LooF& listen and feelfor 0R2AL (reat'ing
3o not conf!se agonal(reat'ing 7it'0R2AL (reat'ing
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Respiratii agonice
Apar la sc!rt timp d!pa oprirea cord!l!i inapro+imativ H= din stop!rile cardiace
3escrise ca respiratii 5grele6& dificile.9gomotoase& 5gasping6
Rec!nosc!te ca semn de stop cardiacErroneo!s information can res!lt in 7it''olding CPR from cardiac arrest victim
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Approach safely
Check response
Shout for helpOpen airway
Check breathing
Call'3
3 chest co!pressions
2 rescue breaths
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Ostr!ctia cai"or aeriene
c! corp strain #FBAO$Appro+imativ > HHH ad!lti si copii s!nt tratati ann!al in /Jpentr! o(str!ictie de cai aeriene c! corpi straini
SE2E #STRUIE
M#ERATA
#STRUIE SE3ERA
51e ineci6 53a6 Incapa(il sa vor(easca&poate inc!viinta
Alte semne Poate t!si& respira&vor(este
! poate respira-respiratie c!
K'eezing-silenti!-incearca sa t!seasca-inconstienta
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AB%O&INAL THRUSTS
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'( CHESTCO&PRESSIONS
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for helpOpen airway
Check breathing
Call '3
3 chest co!pressions
2 rescue breaths
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RESCUE BREATHS
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for helpOpen airway
Check breathing
'3
3 chest co!pressions
2 rescue breaths
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RESCUE BREATHS
Pinc' t'e nose 1aFe a normal (reat'
Place lips over mo!t' Dlo7 !ntil t'e c'est
rises 1aFe a(o!t second
Allo7 c'est to fall Repeat
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CONTINUE CPR
H <
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'3
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Attach A()
*ollow voice pro!pts
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In"trucţiuni privind
+olo"ireade,brilatorului
Aten"ie;
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Atenţie.
Porni"idefi(rilator!l
3a"i*vă la oparte;
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Urm/riţi
in"trucţiunile.
#$ %
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SOCU&0 1EORA%II&E0&E(IUNI&E TESUTURI&OR
OI Soc!l emoragii
Plagi
Bract!ri 1ra!matisme craniene 1ra!matisme toracice
1ra!matisme a(dominale
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23 SOCU& Pompa: inima tetracamerala
Atrii- ventric!li 2iocard contractil Contractilitate-inotropism
Sistem!l circ!lator: Artere Vene capilare
Bl!id!l circ!lant Elemente cel!lare %'ematii& le!cocite& trom(ocite) Plasma
P!ls!l
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23SOCU& Reprezinta incapacitatea cord!l!i si a
sistem!l!i circ!lator de a mentine perf!ziacatre organele vitale prin aport de de
sange c! contin!t de o+igen. Sit!atie amenintatoare de viata Rec!noasterea semnelor si simptomelor*
n! toate concomitent& n! imediat
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23 SOCU&# "emne "i"imptome. An+ietate& agitatie&
conf!zie
<. 1eg!mente palide& reci&!mede& lipicioase
.
1a'ipnee& respiratiinereg!late
. 1a'icardie-p!ls sla((at!t- nepalpa(il periferic
M. Gret!ri& varsat!ri
>. SeteN. Privire 5goala6& mo'orata&
p!pile dilatate
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23 SOCU&I. Soc!l 'ipovolemic* ca!zat de pierderea e+cesiva
de sange sa! fl!ide din organism Apare in conditii de 'emoragii& ars!ri& varsat!ri si diaree
e+cesiveII. Soc!l cardiogen* deficit de pompa cardiaca
III.
Soc!l septic Soc!l anafilactic* s!(stanta c! rol de alergen*
medicamente& venin de insecte si animale& praf sipolen& alimente
Soc!l spinal
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43 1EORA%II Pierdera sangel!i la nivel capilar& venos
sa! arterial -e+ora/ii interne4 in interior!l corp!l!i -e+ora/ii e$terne4 inafara corp!l!i Am(ele
-e+ora/ii capilare4 sangele 5(alteste6 -e+ora/ii venoa*e4 sange inc'is la
c!loare& c!rgere fl!enta& contin!a -e+ora/ii arteriale4 sange ros! aprins&
p!lsatil* sit!atie amenintatoare de viata;
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43 1EORA%II Ad!lt!l* M*> litri de sange Poate pierde fara consecinte apro+ H.Ml La peste l* soc
<*l* deces Gre! de identificat !neori daca e arteriala
sa! venoasaO capilare* !sor de controlat pe s!prafata
micaO Lezi!ni prof!nde c! 'emoragii arteriale
sa! venoase* /rgenta ma$ora;
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43 1EORA%II". o+pre*ie indirecta
pentr! 'emoragiilearteriale pe arteres!stin!te de s!port osos
C! degetele& pod!l
palmei sa! mana ;* fl!+ inadecvat catre
e+tremitate / la nivel!l carotidelor;
Cele mai des !tilizate*,raial& fe+ural
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43 1EORA%II&. Garo!l* NU% folosire desc!ra$ata;;;; doar ca !ltima res!rsa;;;; doar la nivel!l
e+tremitatilor folosit neadecvat poate
d!ce la compromitereadefinitiva a mem(r!l!i sa!agravarea 'emoragiei
D!cata de tesat!ra& c!rea&f!lar
! folositi sarme& ca(l!ri
etc* ce ar p!tea taia pielea / AC0PERI1I
GAR0/L;;;;; 2ARCA1I P09I1IA SI
0RA;;;; /*L 2AI I3EPAR1A1I;;;;
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431EORA%II-EM#RAGII INTERNE 3e o(icei n! s!nt la vedere Pot cond!ce la soc emoragii la nivel!l g!rii&varsat!ri 'emoragice& la
nivel!l !rec'ilor& nas!l!i& rect!l!i sa! altor orificiis!nt considerate severe si indica prezenta'emoragiilor interne
Cont!zii& corp!ri contondente& fract!ri Semne %inafara de eventiale e+teriorizari):
an+ietate& agitatie. sete& gret!ri si varsat!ri& teg!mente reci& palide si !mede& ta'ipnee&
ta'icardie c! p!ls sla( palpa(il
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431EORA%II
Cond!ita in epista+is : Pozitie sezanda& n! cap!l
pe spate&eli(erati de 'ainestranse in $!r!l gat!l!i
strangeti aripilenazale%e+ceptie fract!ri) siapasati, g'eata sa!comprese reci la (azanas!l!i M*H min
Presi!ne la nivele!l (!zeis!perioare s!( nas
Inc!ra$ati sa sc!ipe ! freaca sa! s!fla nas!l
timp de min ora Pozitie laterala de
sig!ranta daca devineinconstient
Corp strain* copii: n!impingenti; S!nati <;
5 TRAUATISE&E
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53TRAUATISE&ETESUTURI&OR OIPlagi tra!matisme ce prod!c efractia
teg!ment!l!i& a tes!t!l!i s!(c!tanat sialtor m!coase.
Inc'ise-desc'ise Plagi cont!ze-Plagi dilacerate-Plagi taiate-
intepate- m!scate
Risc!rile ma$ore:* 'emoragii si infectii
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P&A%I
Plagi mici: spalati c! apa si sap!n& !scati siaplicati !n antiseptic !sor& neiritant.
PansamentPlagi mari: n! incercati sa spalati sa! sa
aplicati antiseptic. Acoperiti c!pansament steril& !scat
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P&A%I Control!l 'emoragiei:
compresa !scata& sterila&presi!ne directa& ridicare&p!ncte de presi!ne
! se c!rata plagile in
prespital Compresa se fi+eaza c!
pansament compresiv Compresa sa acopere plaga 3aca se im(i(a se plaseaza
alta deas!pra& n! seindeparteaza
Se fi+eaza c! rola sa!pansament tri!ng'i!lar
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P&A%I 3imensi!ni Localizare
1ip!ri de plagi:
IN-ISE: ECI209A %cont!zie& edem& d!rere)
Semn de fract!ri sa! lezi!ni severe s!(iacente Comprese reci- g'eata n! direct pe teg!ment;
E2A102/L* lezi!ne e+tinsa a tes!t!rilor moic! pierdere de sange in interior!l tes!t!l!i* deo(icei in zona fract!rilor Compresie man!ala& pansamente reci& imo(ilizare&
pozitie elevata
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P&A%IES-ISE A(razi!ni %escoriatii) Amp!tatii tra!matice
%complete& partiale) ADC Control!l 'emoragiei Pansament Prevenirea- tratarea soc!l!i Solicita asistenta medicala de
!rgenta Av!lsii* teg!ment!l este
complet indepartat& sm!ls dinzona respectiva emoragii importante Rec!perati teg!ment!l& t!rnati
apa& p!neti*l in pansamentsteril& in p!nga inc'isa& p!netic! g'eata si trimiteti c!pacient!l
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P&A%I 1AIA1E # instr!mente asc!tite: c!tite&
lame& cio(!ri de sticla emoragii importante Cel mai mic risc de infectii
3ILACERARI* plagi r!pte& sm!lse I1EPA1E
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P&A%I
2/SCA1E Risc de infectie Risc de ra(ie
2inore: apa si sap!n 2ari: control!l 'emoragiei&
comprese&(anda$ 0(ligatori! medic;
I2P/SCA1E*orifici! de intrare si iesire emoragii interne
6 OASE ARTICU&ATII SI
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63 OASE0 ARTICU&ATII SIUSCU&ATURA Bract!ri& l!+atii& entorse& cont!zii Lezi!ni artic!lare impre!na c! cele m!sc!lare 3ificil de diferentiat de fract!ri* in caz de
nesig!ranta& mai (ine tratezi ca fract!ra
Fracturiintrer!perea contin!itatii os!l!i printr!matism direct sa! indirect.
Principi! de (aza in fract!ri: imo(ilizareasegmentelor fract!rate pentr! prevenirea aparitieiin contin!are a lezi!nilor prod!se de capeteleosoase
6 OASE ARTICU&ATII SI
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63 OASE0 ARTICU&ATII SIUSCU&ATURA
!u$atiile modificarea raport!riloranatomice normale ale e+tremitatilorosoase intr*o artic!latie c! r!perea
ligamentelor care s!stin artic!latia
Entor*ele intinderea ligamentelor cares!stin artic!latia
6 OASE ARTICU&ATII SI
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63 OASE0 ARTICU&ATII SIUSCU&ATURA
Se+ne *i *i+pto+e pentr! lezi!nilem!sc!lo*sc'eletale ale e+tremitatilor:
3!rere
Plaga 1!mefiere
3eformarea e+tremitatii
Impotenta f!nctionala
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*RACTURI
ATE!E* orice o(iect rigid* !m(rele& (ete&plansee& perne ziare pliate& mem(r!inferior nefract!rat etc.
Atele rigide& moi& vac!!m %pe am(!lante) S!nt fi+ate de mem(r!l fract!rat c!
(anda$e& tesat!ri& (enzi adezive
! se aplica foarte strans& se lasa e+p!see+tremitatile* degete
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*RACTURI Inci*e*os!l este fract!rat&
dar teg!ment!l ramane
intact e*ci*e* os!l este
fract!rat& teg!ment!l lezat o+plicate* lezi!ni sec!ndare
%coasta ce perforeaza
plaman!l)
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*RACTURI
#NUITA Control!l 'emoragiei* 1ratament!l soc!l!i 2onitorizeaza ADC
Se indeparteaza (i$!terii& 'aine& !sor& pentr! a n!prod!ce lezi!ni s!plimentare Se verifica p!ls!l distal de fract!ra*
a(sent:miscari le$ere pana la palparea sa
Se acopera plagile c! pansament steril. / seapasa capetele osoase inapoi in plaga Se plaseaza atela
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*RACTURI
Pla*area atelei: Se mentine tracti!nea pana la fi+area atelei Se infasoara de la (aza la varf& n! strans Se verifica p!ls!l distal 3aca e a(sent& se largeste (anda$!l Se solicita a$!tor medical
Rez!mat* ACR0I2 :
I %ice) %compression)
E %elevation)
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*RACTURI A1EDRA1 DRA1
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*RACTURI BE2/R GA2DA
R01/LA
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Traumati"mele craniene
A. 1ra!matisme craniene minore %ma$oritatea) < tre(!ie an!ntat in caz de :
emoragie severa faciala sa! craniana Epista+is sa! otoragie Cefalee severa Alterarea starii de constienta in sec!nde Aspect ec'imotic in $!r!l oc'ilor sa! retroa!ric!lar Apnee Conf!zie Pierderea ec'ili(r!l!i Pareza sa! incapacitatea de a mo(iliza mem(re Anizocorie Varsat!ri-vor(ire dificila Conv!lsii
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Traumati"mele craniene
D. 1ra!matism cranian sever: 2entineti pacient!l linisit& imo(il& in dec!(it
dorsal& cap!l si !merii !sor ridicati. Evitatimiscarile gat!l!i. 2o(ilizati doar in caz de stricta
necesitate 0priti sangerarile. Presi!ne directa c! pansament
steril sa! te+til c!rat. ! aplicati compresie dacas!spectati fract!ra craniana
2onitorizati sc'im(arile de dinamica a respiratieisi constientei
In lipsa circ!latiei* CPR
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Traumati"mele craniene
Plagile la nivel cranian: 9ona (ine vasc!larizata: 'emoragii masive Presi!ne directa Comprese fi+ate c! fasa
S!spici!ne de fract!ra craniana: n! compresie 0(ra$i: pansament compresiv in g!ra1ra!matismele oc!lare: Eval!are medicala o(ligatorie Pozitie decliva Se acopera oc'i!l c! compresa !scata Corp strain: compresa si pa'ar de plastic sa!
'artie& se (anda$eaza am(ii oc'i d!pa avertizarepreala(ila;
! se introd!c s!(stante in scop antiseptic;
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Traumati"mele $atului 1ra'ee& esofag& artere si vene mari&
verte(re& mad!va spinarii Plagi: presi!ne directa pe s!rsa
'emoragiei ! fesi circ!lare;
Se mentine sta(ilitatea cap!l!i si gat!l!i
Se mentine permea(ilitatea caii aeriene
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Traumati"mele toracice Plamani& vase mari&
cord& coloana 3ispnee si 'emoragii In lipsa semnelor de
o(str!ctie aeriana:orice dispnee deeval!at pentr! tra!matoracica inc'isa sa!desc'isa
Pne!motora+ desc'is /rgenta medicala c!
risc vital
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Traumati"mele toracice Semne si simptome
. 3ispnee si d!rere toracica violenta
<. Cianoza& an+ietate
Prim!l a$!tor:
. Etanseizati rana c! mana sa! orice o(iectpansament ocl!ziv %card de identitate).Pansament fi+at pe lat!ri. In caz de agravare&indepartati imediat;
<. Pozitionati pacient!l pe partea afectata. 1ratati soc!l* pozitie semisezanda
. imic per os
M. Solicitati asistenta medicala de !rgenta
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Traumati"mele abdominale
Inci*e: teg!mentintact
. 3!rere violenta&varsat!ri& contract!ra
m!sc!lat!riia(dominale
<. 3istensie a(dominala&soc
. Pozitie antalgica
. ADC<. Plasati pacient!l in
pozitia cea maiconforta(ila
. Indepartati c! gri$a'ainele pentr! aeval!a corect
. 1ratati soc!l
M. imic per os
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Traumati"mele abdominalee*ci*e. Semnele tra!matismelor
inc'ise<. Plagi intepate sa!
cont!ze& 'ematemeza.
3!reri lom(are
ADC Indepartati c! gri$a 'ainele Pozitia cea mai
comforta(ila*pe spate& c!picioarele ridicate !sor-gen!nc'i indoiti
1ratati soc!l 0priti 'emoragiile. !
atingeti si n! incercati sarepozitionati organeleeviscerate. Acoperiti c!pansament steril c! serfiziologic& fi+at pe lat!ri
2entineti temperat!ra imic per os Solicitati asistenta
medicala de !rgenta