Discuss the commonly used disinfectants and their relative efficiency against the bacteriaMADE BY :- SUNIL KUMAR AJEET KUMAR MANISH KUMAR MONOJ KUMARVikesh Kumar

PURPOSE The purpose of this project

what is disinfection.

Level of disinfection

how many types of disinfection.

which disinfectant would most effectively kill bacteria.

PURPOSE The purpose of this project

what is disinfection.

Level of disinfection

how many types of disinfection.

which disinfectant would most effectively kill bacteria.

WHAT IS DISINFECTANT Disinfectants are liquid substances that kill germs or bacteria on non-living objects. They are usually chemicals used to clean clothes, rooms, dishes, and utensils. They are also used to help hospitals and care units stay clean and free of germs. The common disinfectants used in households arent as effective as the ones used in hospitals or care units to stop diseases.

WHAT IS ANTISEPTICSChemical disinfectants which can safely applied to living tissues and are used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

ANTISEPTICS V/S DISINFECTION

ANTISEPTICS:- Use on skin and mocous membranes to kill microorganisms.

Not for use on inanimate objects.

DISINFECTION:-

Use to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects.

Not for use on skin or mucous membranes.

Chemicals agentsA variety of chemicals agents are used as antiseptics and disinfectants.

Factors influencing the potency of a disinfectant:

Concentration

Time of action

PH

Temperature

Nature of organism

Presence of organic matter

LEVEL OF DISINFECTION

LOW LEVEL DISINFECTIONMany organisms can survive on exposure to these disinfectants.

Used for items which come in contact with the patients but they do not penetrate into tissues.

Stethoscopes, ECG electrodes etc.

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTIONMay not effective against spores

Includes alcohols, iodophores and phenols

Used for:

Laryngoscopes

Fiber optic endoscopes

HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTION

Glutaraldehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, peracitic acid and chlorine compounds.

Effectiveness may be equal to that of sterilisation.

Used for:

Endoscopes

Cystoscopies

Surgical instruments with plastic components

EXAMPLE OF DISINFECTION

Alcohols :-

Ethyl alcohol and Isopropyl alcohol are commonly used.

Act by denaturing of bacterial proteins.

No sporicidal and virucidal activity.

Used as skin antiseptics.

Isopropyl alcohol is preferred to Ethyl alcohol as it is better fat solvent, more bactericidal and less volatile.

Alcohols :-

Phenols:- first introduced the use of phenol ( Carbolic acid) in surgery (1867).

Produced by distillation of coal tar between temperatures of 170C and 270C.

Commonly used Phenol derivatives are

cresol

chlorhexidine

chloroxylenol

hexachlorophanes

Synthetic phenol surface disinfectant.

Cresols :-

Lysol is a solution of cresols in soap.

Active against a wide range of organisms.

Uses:

Cleaning of floors

Disinfection of excreta

Chlorhexidine:-

Eg.Savlon (Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide)

More active against Gram positive than Gram negative

Good fungicidal activity.

No action on spores and

little activity against viruses

Chloroxylenol :-

Eg.dettol

Less toxic and less irritant.

Readily inactivated by organic matter

Inactive against pseudomonas.

Hexachlorophane:-

More active against Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria.

Bacteriostatic at high dilutions.

Applied on skin as prophylaxis against staphylococcal infections.

Potentially toxic and should be used with care.

Halogens:-

4.Halogens:Chlorine

Iodine

Commonly used disinfectants

Bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal

Chlorine :-

Bleaching powder,

Disinfection is due to release of free chlorine.

Reacts with water to form hypochlorus acid .

Used in water supplies, swimming pools, food and dairy industries.

Iodophors:-

Iodophors are disinfectants that include iodine. They are used to clean hospital surfaces like tables and beds,and also to disinfect food preparation equipment.

Iodophor surfaces disinfectant.

Iodine :- Used as skin disinfectant.

Bactericidal and moderate action on spores.

Betadine is one example.

The anionic compounds:-

: E g :- common soaps,

Have strong detergent but weak antimicrobial properties .

These agents are most active at acidic ph.

Effective against Gram

organism

Bleach:-

Bleach is a relatively inexpensive and highly effective disinfectant. It not only cleans up dirt and mold, but also kills some of the most dangerous bacteria, However, bleach is also one of the most harmful disinfectants to human health and has been linked to respiratory problems and birth defects. Bleach should not be used on the skin.

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds are used in lots of common household cleaners. They are used as disinfectants and as detergents.

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde

Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are fast-acting disinfectants. They disinfect quickly and effectively. They are used mostly by hospitals to clean the surgical tools and other medical devices.

Fig. 20-13 Fast-acting high-level disinfectant.

Wash your hands!!!

(When???)

When youre at common places

ConclusionHealth is very important. Getting a sickness from bacteria can happen in an unhealthy environment. Using a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria is an important way to stay healthy.

END OF PRESENTATION

THANK YOU

Click to edit the title text format

Click to edit the title text format

Click to edit the outline text formatSecond Outline LevelThird Outline LevelFourth Outline LevelFifth Outline LevelSixth Outline LevelSeventh Outline Level

Click to edit the outline text formatSecond Outline LevelThird Outline LevelFourth Outline LevelFifth Outline LevelSixth Outline LevelSeventh Outline Level