Airborne Geodesy and Geophysics for Antarctic Research · 23/05/2016 · Mirko Scheinert...
Transcript of Airborne Geodesy and Geophysics for Antarctic Research · 23/05/2016 · Mirko Scheinert...
Mirko Scheinert
with contributions by
Franz Barthelmes, Christoph Förste, Markus Rapp, and many more
Airborne Geodesy and Geophysics
for Antarctic Research
Institut für Planetare Geodäsie
Chair of Geodetic Earth
System Research
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
OUTLINE
HALO The new German research aircraft
GEOHALOGeoscientific HALO flight mission over Italy / Mediterranean Sea
Gravity field in Antarcticaand knowledge of further parameters
ANTHALOGeodetic-geophysical and atmospheric flight mission over Antarctica
RÉSUMÉ
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
HALO: High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft
based on a Gulfstream G550 commercial business jetoperator: German Aerospace Center (DLR)
operation basis: Oberpfaffenhofen / Germany
length 30.9 m
height 7.9 m
wingspan 28.5 m
maximum payload 3,000 kg
maximum altitude 15,500 m
maximum range 8,800 km
max cruise speed 900 km/h
min airspeed 333 km/h
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Geoscientific HALO flight mission over Italy and adjacent seasJune 2012
• Mediterranean: characterized by increased georisk earth quakes, tsunamis
• Earth‘s gravity and magnetic fields geoid, geodynamics, tectonic modeling,
bathymetry
• GNSS methods & laser altimetry flight trajectory, altimetry, reflectometry,
scatterometry, occultations
• Scientific performance could be proven
• Independent data @Mediterranean: excellent basis for comparison and
validation
GEOHALO
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
GNSS antenna in portside
viewport for occultation
and reflectometry measu-
rements (GFZ 1.1)
GNSS antenna array in bottom
aperture for reflectometry and
spectrometry (DLR-GSOC)
gravimeter CHEKAN-AM
(GFZ 1.2)
gravimeter KSS32-M
(BGR)
vector magnetometer Bartington
Mag629 (top) and scalar magne-
tometer Geometrics G823A
(bottom) (GFZ 2.3)
laser distance meter Riegl LD321-3K
(mounted over bottom optical
window) (TU Dresden)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
four mission flight days
(& two test flights): 2-12 June 2012
lengths/time 16,150 km @ 33 hours
altitude 3,500 m (10,000 m)
velocity 425 km/h (600 km/h)
GEOHALO
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
four mission flight days
(& two test flights): 2-12 June 2012
lengths/time 16,150 km @ 33 hours
altitude 3,500 m (10,000 m)
velocity 425 km/h (600 km/h)
example profile ≈1,000 km length
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
cf. presentation by Anton
Krasnov (Elektropribor)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Unfiltered signal
(10Hz)
Acceleration from gravity meter Kinematic acceleration (GNSS)
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Unfiltered signal
(10Hz)
Filtered signal
(cut-off 200s,
half-wavelength 100s)
Gravimeter recording:
Eötvös effect and normal
gravity subtracted
Acceleration from gravity meter Kinematic acceleration (GNSS)
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Unfiltered signal
(10Hz)
Filtered signal
(cut-off 200s,
half-wavelength 100s)
Difference
Acceleration from gravity meter Kinematic acceleration (GNSS)
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Unfiltered signal
(10Hz)
Filtered signal
(cut-off 200s,
half-wavelength 100s)
Difference
Comparison with
model EIGEN-6C4
Acceleration from gravity meter Kinematic acceleration (GNSS)
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
flight direction
≈ 1000 km
Gravity disturbance along profiles
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Gravity disturbance along profiles
height 10,500 m
speed 660 k/h
height 3,570 m
speed 430 km/h
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Conclusion in terms of filtering
• apply the same filter to gravimeter recordings and kinematic
accelerations from GNSS
• filter applied in frequency domain
• search for optimal filter (cut-off wavelength, cut-off steepness
[width of transition band])
here: 100 s half-wavelength
depends on platform dynamics
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Results
• RMS of along-track differences to EIGEN-6C4
(d/o 2000, corresponding to 12 km along-track resolution): 2.8 mGal
• RMS of cross-over differences
tie to terrestrial gravity reference, w/o X-over adjustment: 1.7 mGal
tie to EIGEN-6C4, one bias per track: 1.4 mGal
• High consistency, esp. considering that none of mission data were discarded
• Excellent agreement with high-resolution global gravity field model
• Validation of Italian terrestrial gravity database
(Barzaghi et al., 2015, doi 10.1007/1345_2015_45)
GEOHALO Gravimetry (with CHEKAN-AM)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Gravity anomaly
model: EIGEN-6C4 (d/o 2190)(Förste et al., 2014)
Gravity Field in Antarctica
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Gravity anomaly
Effect of different treat-
ment of polar data gap
in satellite-only models
polar data gap
of GOCE ≈ 1,400 km
difference between
GOCO03S (Mayer-Gürr, 2012) and
EIGEN-6S2 (Rudenko et al., 2014)
(d/o 250)
Gravity Field in Antarctica
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Free-Air Gravity
Anomaly
Scheinert et al. (GRL, 2016)
• gridded data set
10 km resolution
IAG Subcommission 1.3f
„Gravity and Geoid in
Antarctica“ (AntGG)
SCAR Expert Group on
„Geodetic Infrastructure in
Antarctica“
Gravity Field in Antarctica
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Complete Bouguer
Gravity Anomaly
Scheinert et al. (GRL, 2016)
• gridded data set
10 km resolution
GRAVSOFT/TC
(Forsberg and Tscherning, 2008)
BEDMAP-2
(Fretwell et al., 2013)
300 km integration radius
Gravity Field in Antarctica
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Near-surface magnetic surveys in Antarctica(ADMAP – Golynsky et al., 2013)
World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map(Korhonen et al., 2007)
Magnetic Field in Antarctica
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
BEDMAP2Fretwell et al. (2013)
Data void areas: inversion based on GOCE 2010 data
Geoid model: EIGEN-GL04C (w.r.t. WGS-84)
Antarctic Bedrock Topography
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
High-resolution observation of gravity
waves to locate and investigate their
sources and interaction
• Atmospheric gravity waves in the polar
region are drivers of the residual circulation
• Polar mesospheric clouds can be used as
tracer, 2D information available from satellite
observations (CIPS)
• Only few observations exist so far, and are of
inferior quality (range, resolution, precision)
• New airborne system: ALIMA
(laser 372 nm range 100 km,
resolution 1 km / 1.5 min)
previous
observations
Atmosphere Dynamics in Antarctica
10 km
50 km
100 km T, T’, w, w’<T’w’>, nFe
T, T’, n
T, T’, w, w’<T’w’>, n
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Timeline
ANTHALO Blue Ice Campaign: December 2017
ANTHALO: November/December 2020
Funding
• DFG Priority Program 1294 „Atmospheric and Earth System Research with
HALO“
• Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
• German Aerospace Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (DLR-IPA)
• Further national and international partners
ANTHALO
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Objectives
• Close gaps in ground-based / near surface potential field data
• Gain consistent, highly accurate observations of
gravity field
magnetic field
surface height and surface/firn properties
thickness and internal layering of the ice sheet
thermal structure and dynamic regime of the middle atmosphere
• Exploit HALO’s long-range capability to connect isolated surveys and
resolve hidden inconsistencies
ANTHALO
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Institution Experiment / Instrumentation
GFZ Potsdam
Section 1.2
Scalar gravimeter (CHEKAN-AM)
GNSS and INS for 3D positioning and attitude determination
BGR Hannover Scalar gravimeter (KSS32-M)
TU Dresden /
AWI Geophysics
Scalar and vector magnetometers
TU Darmstadt Strapdown vector gravimetry with INS
GFZ Potsdam Sect. 1.1 /
IEEC Barcelona
GNSS remote sensing
(altimetry, scatterometry and occultation)
TU Dresden Laser altimeter:
Altimetric surface heights and small-scale surface features
AWI Glaciology Ultra-wideband radar (RES):
Internal layers and thickness of the ice sheet
DLR Institute of
Atmospheric Physics
zenith looking lidar system (ALIMA):
Thermal structure & dynamic processes of middle atmosphere
ANTHALO
Cooperation partners and instrumentation
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
Focus: Closing polar data gap
cf. presentations by Tom Jordan (BAS)
and Arne Olesen/Rene Forsberg (DTU)
Focus: Closing terrestrial data gaps, profiles over
AP and connecting locations of deep ice cores
ANTHALO
Flight planning
~ 150 flight hours in Antarctica
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
• Geosciences @ HALO Geodetic-geophysical instrumentation onboard jet aircraft
with pressurized cabin: novel application in Europe
• GEOHALO Proof of concept and scientific performance
Kick-off effect for further geodetic-geophysical applications
• Antarctica Largest gap of ground-based and near-surface geoscientific
data, along with polar data gap of satellite gravity mission(s),
esp. GOCE
Internationally coordinated efforts to close these gaps
• ANTHALO Gain highly accurate and consistent observations of a variety
of parameters, esp. potential fields
Exploit HALO’s long-range capability to connect isolated
surveys and resolve hidden inconsistencies
RÉSUMÉ
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Chair of Geodetic Earth System Research
© Christian Mietner (DLR)
Contact: [email protected]
International Workshop „Airborne Geophysics with Focus on Polar Applications“Dresden, April/May 2017