Air Qualitiy Monitor

Air Quality MonitorJeff WojtusikDanielle HoweMatthew KnaufBackgroundProject began Fall 2012 with P13625Sarah Brownell - GuideDr. James Myers CustomerTeam was charged with building an air quality monitor with increased functionality over previous models.Previous model was created by Berkeley Air Quality monitoring Group in conjunction with University of California Berkeley.Known as UCB-PATS

Background: AQMTo improve performance and feasibility, broke project down into 2 similar monitors

Both will monitor temperature, humidity, and PMFirst monitor will record CO levelsSecond monitor will record NOx and SOx levelsVOC: Customer Needs: AQMCustomer needs:Primarily need monitor to have functionality of UCB-PATSAdditionally want to monitor CO and humidity

VOC Review: Technical Goals: AQMMonitor should have all capabilities of the UCB-PATS monitorEnsure all sensors record continuous dataIncrease the battery lifeImprove upon UICreate a monitor which is discrete in subjects homeMonitor is capable of resisting outside environment, shipping, and installation

Functional Decomposition: AQM

Specifications: AQM

Project Budget: AQMComponentQuantityEachTotalCostCostPVC Junction Box w/ Cover1$12.00$12.00PCB1$45.00$45.00CO Sensor (MQ 7)1$10.00$10.00CO Sensor Breakout Board1$15.00$15.00Particulate Matter Sensor (Shinyei)1$50.00$50.00Temperature & Humidity Sensor (SHT15)1$45.00$45.00Microcontroller (MSP430)1$10.00$10.00AA Battery12$0.65$7.80Internal Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00Miscellaneous Electrical Components---$10.00$10.00Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00$20.00Total$232.80Previous monitor purchase cost was $435$200 of which was laborThis project looks to follow the same path.Anticipated budget for this project is $500Need money to test sensors and purchase additional materialsIncludes shipping costs as well.Feasibility Analysis: Cost and WeightTeam wanted to prove that the monitor would not be so heavy that it could damage a home.Cost of monitor should be in line with customer needs and specs.

Feasibility Analysis: Power Consump.

Feasibility Analysis: Power Consump.

Feasibility Analysis: Size

VOC: Customer Needs: SOx NOxCustomer Needs same as AQM, just changing what is being monitoredAlso needs to be able to record Temperature and Humidity like UCB-Pats monitor

VOE: Differences between AQM and SOx NOxFunctional Decomposition -what needed to be sensed and what data was being recorded are differentMetrics and Specifications-again similar to AQM except for the ranges and types of gases being sensed

Budget: SOx NOxComponentQuantityEachTotalCostCostPVC Junction Box w/ Cover1$12.00$12.00PCB1$45.00$45.00NOX Sensor1$95.00$95.00SOX Sensor1$80.00$80.00Particulate Matter Sensor1$50.00$50.00Temperature & Humidity Sensor1$45.00$45.00Microcontroller1$10.00$10.00C Battery12$0.65$7.80Internal Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00Miscellaneous Electrical Components---$10.00$10.00Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00$20.00Total$382.80There is no customer for this project yet, so there is no actual fundingHowever, for the future the proposed budget seen here shows the major cost of the primary componentsHigh cost items for this project are the SOx and NOx sensors, they are much more pricey than the CO sensors available for the AQM

FeasibilityIn order for the project to run a basic feasibility analysis should be doneThe major criteria that could pose an issue to the success of this project are:Size: About the Size of RITs P13625 and UCB-PATS MonitorsWeight: Total < 10lbsBatter y Life: Should last between 5-10 days

Feasibility: Battery Life

A basic power analysis was run to determine battery lifeAA batteries are not good enough for the power need for these sensors2 sets of 6 C batteries in parallel are needed to obtain a battery life between 5-10 days

Feasibility: Size and WeightWeight feasibility with all major components came out well below the spec of 10lbs at 3.4lbsThe UCB-PATS Volume was 667 cm3 and the previous AQM was 2630 cm3Adding up the volumes and multiplying by a packing factor the volume was within range at 840cm3Staffing: NOx SOx/AQMSince the only difference between the two is the type of sensors being used the staff should be the sameDisciplineHow Many?Anticipated Skills NeededEE2Knowledge and experience with sensors and breakout boards. Ability to deal with power distribution and power optimization.ME1Machining, simple system design, CAD modeling.CE2Programming for microcontrollers and sensors.ISE0-1Project Management skills.OtherProject Background: Lamp Post MonitorAcross the globe there is a growing issue with air quality and its impact upon personal health. The purpose of this project is to develop a monitor that can visually show bystanders what kind of contaminants they are being exposed to in real time. Hopefully, by showing people this it might push for a movement to reduce environmental emissions and improve air quality.Smog in Hong Kong

Voice of CustomerCurrently this group is the primary customer, all of the VOC were determined by us.Similar needs to AQMs, with additional sensorsRather than focusing on discreteness, monitor needs to be able to withstand outdoor conditions and visually display gas levels

Customer Need #ImportanceDescriptionCN19Device can operate in an outdoor environment(Rochester), year roundCN29Monitor is affordable to MSD DepartmentCN39Tracks and records COCN49Tracks and records PM2.5CN59Electronics need to resist local environmental factors in operating areaCN69Monitor should be able to be run on 120V powerCN79Monitor is discreteCN89Tracks and records TemperatureCN99Tracks and records HumidityCN109Sensors records discrete data at high sampling rateCN119Software displays live data to viewersCN129Software records data for later reviewCN139Tracks and records ground level O3CN143Sensors record data over a continuous envelope of levelsCN151Tracks and records NO2CN161Tracks and records SO2CN171Tracks and records PM10CN181Operates without user action for at least a month21Functional Decomposition

Voice of Customer: Technical GoalsEnsure that monitor has the durability to endure outdoor conditions for extended period of timeMonitor displayGas levels need to clearly be displayed visuallyMonitor records continuous data that can be easily imported to computer by researcher

Metrics and SpecsFour main focuses of specifications:Sensor technologyMonitor durabilityData collection and storageVisible display of data

FeasibilityThe major criteria that could pose an issue to the success of this project are:Size: Small enough to be non-obstructively mounted on lamp-postWeight: Total < 10lbsPower: Can be powered by traditional 120V, 20A power sourceCost: Project needs to be affordable to MSD department

BudgetComponentQuantityEachTotalCostCostWeather-Proof Junction Box1$23.00$23.00PCB1$45.00$45.00CO Sensor1$10.00$10.00CO Sensor Breakout Board1$15.00$15.00Particulate Matter Sensor1$50.00$50.00Temperature & Humidity Sensor1$45.00$45.00Ozone Sensor1$13.00$13.00Microcontroller1$10.00$10.00AC Power Adaptor1$15.00$15.00Internal Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00LCD Screen1$126.00$126.00Miscellaneous Mounting Equipment---$30.00$30.00Miscellaneous Electrical Components---$10.00$10.00Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00$20.00Total$420.00Electrical FeasibilityUn-Optimized (Full Burn)ComponentAveragePower (W)Microcontroller220 A3.3 V0.000726PM90 mA5 V0.45CO350 mW0.35Temp & Humidity3 mW0.003Ozone1100mW1.1LED60 mW0.06LCD Screen400 A5.5V0.0022Total1.965926WAmps Drawn0.218436A218.4362mAOptimized (With Sleep Cycle)ComponentAveragePower (W)Microcontroller180 A3.3 V0.000594PM75 mA5 V0.375CO350 mW0.2Temp & Humidity150 W0.00015Ozone1100mW0.68LED20 mW0.02LCD Screen400 A5.5V0.00165Total1.277394WAmps Drawn0.141933A141.9327mASize and Weight FeasibilityComponentVolume (cm3) PCB Board22.7CO Sensor30.3Particulate Matter Sensor44.9Temperature & Humidity Sensor1.9Ozone Sensor1.21LCD Screen74.53Preliminary Total175.6Factor to account for air flow, packing4Total702.6ComponentQuantityEachTotalWeight (Oz.)Weight (Oz.)PVC Junction Box w/ Cover13232PCB133CO Sensor10.10.1CO Breakout Board Sensor10.50.5Particulate Matter Sensor111Temperature & Humidity Sensor10.50.5Microcontroller10.10.1Ozone Sensor10.20.2Internal Structure(dividers)248LCD Screen122Miscellaneous Mounting Equipment---88Miscellaneous Electrical Components---55Miscellaneous Connecting Components---88Total (Oz.)68.4Total (lbs.)4.3StaffingDisciplineHow Many?Anticipated Skills NeededEE2EE students will be concerned with device programing, battery power design and power management, data transfer, computer interface, etc.ME1ME students are to focus on designing the lamp post structure and physical monitor design. CAD modeling.CE2CE students are to develop the computer software interface and communication between the device and computer.ISE0-1Project Management skills.Test ChamberRemberto GutierrezMarc KoehlerArielle Mizov

In order to calibrate the Air Quality Monitor a need for a test chamber came aboutNeeds to expose the AQM to PM2.5 and varying levels of CONeeds to expose the monitor to varying temperature and humidity levels that compare to HaitiVoice of CustomerObjective: Test multiple varieties of sensors against each other in a basic container to determine the best sensors for future use.Possible Solutions:Glass Box with Integrated "2 in 1" Sensor and Internal Experimental BurningConcrete Box with 2 Non-Integrated Sensors and Internal Experimental Burning and Matlab UseTrash Can with 2 Integrated Sensors and Internal Experimental Burning Basic Test BoxThe largest cost for this project will be the material for the chambers which will put the project over budget, however they may not need as much material as anticipated

Budget

DisciplineHow Many?Anticipated Skills Needed (concise descriptions)EE1EE students will be concerned with device programing,power management, data transfer, computer interface, etc.ME1ME students will be concerned with integrating the monitor and computer into the chamberCE1CE students are to develop the computer software interface and communication between the chamber and computer.ISE0-1Project Management SkillsStaffingConcentrate on developing a test chamber while using simple sensorsProvides data at the end of test of the conditions inside the chamberCapable of varying CO, PM, temperature, and humidityPossible Option:Rise and reduce temperature through a blower and a heater located inside the test chamber

Test Chamber with Simple SensorsThe largest cost for this project will be the material for the chambers which will put the project over budget, however they may not need as much material as anticipatedBudget

StaffingDisciplineHow Many?Anticipated Skills Needed (concise descriptions)EE2Assessment of the sensor selection, connections, electrical powerME2Design of the test chamber, combustion, and stoichiometric analysis, CAD ModelingCE1Interface and data analysisCombination of the developed chamber and the best sensors from previous projectsDevelop a better interface for the test chamberAllow the user to manipulate the environment more easilyOutput live data and a more comprehensive report of the testPossible Options:Computer attached to chamberTransfer data to/from a computer (not attached)Integrated Chamber with Improved Interface

The largest cost for this project will be integrating the computer system which greatly increases the cost of the project. The budget will need to increased in order to complete this project.

Budget

DisciplineHow Many?Anticipated Skills Needed (concise descriptions)EE2EE students will be concerned with device programing,power management, data transfer, computer interface, etc.ME2ME students will be concerned with integrating the monitor and computer into the chamberCE2CE students are to develop the computer software interface and communication between the chamber and computer.ISE0-1Project Management SkillsStaffingDetermine the Cost for a Test ChamberAssumptions: We would like a test chamber that is made of stainless steel. We would like the stainless steel to have the following qualities: High temperature and corrosion resistance with low maintenance requirements. Nonmagnetic, with good weldability and formability. Also, something that is frequently used in heat treating, moisture barriers, chemical tanks, heat exchangers, fin stock, chemical equipment, metal stampings, and shim stock.Alloy 34 seems to be the best type of stainless steel to use. The reason why is because is it 100% recyclable. Alloy 304 is the most widely used stainless alloy. Alloy 309 has better temperature resistance at higher temperatures. Alloy 321 has titanium added for superior corrosion resistance and weldability.Specifications: Foil Roll, High Temp Foil, Stainless Steel, 309, Thickness 0.002 In, Width 24 In, Length 50 ft, Finish Plain, Temper Soft, Thickness Tolerance +/-0.0002 In, Width Tolerance +/-.010, Length Tolerance +/-1 Linear Foot, Typical Tensile Strength 75, 000 min PSI, Typical Yield Strength 30, 000 min PSI, Standards A240Incorporating these specifications, it is approximately $375 and the weight of the stainless steel is about 10 lbs. We were looking for a test that weighs approximately 10-15 lbs and is under $500 so this seems feasible.Feasibility AnalysisCompute a Simplified Power SummationMost modern united states circuits are 15 20 amps with 120 being the standard number of volts acquired from a power. we are content with anything lower than 2400 W. Power = Current * Voltage (P=IV). *minimum: 1800 W, maximum: 2400 W*Note: For continuous loads (on for more than three hours), the limit is 20% lower: therefore, there will be 12 16 amps with 120 V is there is a load on for more than three hours.*minimum: 1440 W, maximum: 1920 W*Laptop: Make & model: Lenovo Thinkcentre m91 w/ Lenovo LCD (purchased early 2012)Basic specifications: Core i7, 8.0 gb ram, windows 7 professional (clean)off (plugged in): 1 Wboot (peak): 88 Wmoderate use (range): 50 68 Wquiescent (5 minutes of no activity): 40Wwsleep: 1 WMixing Fan: Axial Fan, 115VAC, 4-11/16in H, 4-11/16in W: 18 WFeasibility AnalysisDetermine the time of combustion for PM:25000ug/m^3 is an ideal value of Particulate matter which requires a 24h operation in the test chamber to correlate result with EPA standards

The table shown above provide a reference to make an estimation on time of combustion process to create the required concentration of PMFeasibility Analysis

http://www.ieabcc.nl/publications/Nussbaumer_et_al_IEA_ReportPM10_Jan_2008.pdf

Determine the time of combustion for CO:The concentration of CO is 0-2000 ppm. Based on EPA standards and old household detectors limits we might estimate the time of combustion which is 100ppm in 16 min. Concentrations differ as the times varies. The table below shows the different times for which a common CO detector works.

Feasibility Analysis

http://www.usa829.org/Portals/0/Documents/Health-and-Safety/Safety-Library/Carbon-Monoxide-and-CO-Detectors.pdf

Determine how long it would take CO and PM to diffuse in the chamber if no mixing were to occurAssumed the volume the gas needed to fillAssumed the velocity the gas would be traveling based off of a potential fan that would be usedDetermined the flow rate based off of the equation Q = vAFound that it would take less than a minute to fill the container which is a reasonable timeFeasibility AnalysisQuestions?