Multiservice Air to Air, Air to Surface, Surface to AIr Brevity Codes
Air pollution.ppt
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Transcript of Air pollution.ppt
AIR POLLUTION & ASTHMAP R E P A R E D B Y : J O R D A N T Y S O N
ASTHMA: WHAT IS IT?
A chronic respiratory disorder
Sensitive and inflamed airways Airways overreact to certain air pollutants Bronchial tube tightens less airflow to lungs Increased mucous production narrows airways Shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, wheezing
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
SIMPLE STATISTICS ON ASTHMA
Affects ~ 3 million people in USA ; increasing
Prevalence in urban areas > rural areas
Due to combination of genetic predisposition factors + environmental exposure to airway irritants
Air pollution: sulfur oxides, nitric oxides, ozone, particulate matter
NITRIC OXIDE
Atmospheric pollutant Cigarette smoke Vehicles
Dual effects in asthma pathology Quantity Type of enzyme Location of release
DUAL EFFECTS OF NO IN ASTHMA PATHOLOGY
OZONE
In the troposphere, sunlight reacts with:
• Ozone precursors (ie. NOx, such as NO2)
• Volatile organic compounds(VOC)s
Increased ozone production
NO2 + Sun UV NO + O O2 + O O3
PARTICULATE MATTER
Sources Industrial processes, wood combustion & fossil fuels, construction, wild fires, windblown dust, etc.
• Sulfur and nitrogen oxide
are contributors
Composition bioaerosol
components, metals,
organic molecules,
and elemental carbon
PARTICULATE MATTERIncreased PM increased emergency room visits and medication use by
asthmatics
Promotes sensitization leading to: Allergic inflammation & airway hyper-responsiveness
Samples with transition metals are the most capable of exacerbating asthma
Promotes ROS formation epithelial injury airflow limitations/asthma symptoms
Increased peroxidation products in lungs, blood, and urine of asthmatic subjects
SUMMARYPeople with asthma have very sensitive and inflamed airways, which tend to
overreact by constricting and/or overproduce mucous when certain substances in the air are inhaled
Symptoms: shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing
Many asthma medications are iNOS inhibitors
Ozone production is elevated by the presence of ozone precursors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Particulate matter (PM) sources anthropogenic (burning fossil fuels & wood) and natural (windblown dust and wild fires)
PM samples with high concentrations of transition metals are the most capable of exacerbating existing asthma and sensitization.
Transition metals lead to generation of ROS, which promote allergic reactions, inflammation, and tissue damage leading to an amplification of symptoms