Air pollution sources
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Transcript of Air pollution sources
Sources & effects
Air Pollution
Definition – Air pollution
Air pollution may be defined as the presence
one or more contaminants or combinations
thereof in air in such quantities and of such
durations as may be or tend to be injurious to
human, animal or plant life, or property, or
which unreasonably interferes with the
comfortable enjoyment of life or property or
conduct of business.
Air pollutant It is a substance or effect dwelling temporarily or
permanently in the air , which adversely alters the environment by interfering with the health, the comfort, or the food chain, or by interfering with the property values of people.
A pollutant can be solid (large or sub-molecular), liquid or gas .
Air pollutant classification
• Gases -compounds of Sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen etc.
• Natural contaminants-
• Pollen particles, bacteria's
• Aerosols-
• Dust, smoke, mist, fumes, fogs
Sources of Air pollution
Air Pollution may originate from a natural or
anthropogenic source or from both sources.
E.g. of natural source – an erupting volcano,
accidental fire etc.
Man made sources
Man made sources
Stationary sources
Point sources
Industry, Power plants
Fuel combustio
n
Area sources
Incineration, residential, industrial estates
Rail yard, ports,
Mobile sources
Line sources
Highways, railroads
Percentage of Manmade
Pollution
Source CO (%) SO₂ (%) HC(%) NO – Nox
(%)
TRANSPORTATIO
N
92 4 65 42
INDUSTRIES 4 32 26 21
POWER PLANTS - 48 - 32
SPACE HEATING 3 12 3 5
COMBUSTION 1 4 6 0
Industrial Sources
Liquid soap factory
Sulphuric Acid factory
Plastic industry
Acid manufacturing units
Phosphate fertilized industry
Inorganic chemical plants
Metal industry
Aluminum plants
Effects of air pollution
Air pollutant affecting plants are – sulphur
oxide, Fluoride component, Ozone, Chlorine,
Ammonia, herbicides, smog etc.
Forms of damage to the leaves –
1. Necrosis
2. Chlorosis
3. Abscission
4. Epinasty
Dosage of air pollutant on Plants
Pollutant Dose Effect
1. Sulphur oxide Mild Interveinal chloriotic
bleaching of leaves
Sulphur oxide Severe Necrosis in interveinal areas
.
2. Ozone Mild Flakes on upper surfaces,
premature aging and
suppressed growth.
Ozone Severe Collapse of leaf, necrosis,
bleaching
3. Fluorides Cumulative
effect
Necrosis at leaf tip.
4. Nitrogen oxide Mild Suppressed growth , leaf
bleaching
5. Ethylene Mild Epinasty, Leaf abscission
6. PAN Mild Bronzing of upper leaf
Economic losses -methods
Building Materials- corroded and
disfigured by air pollutant by number of
way.
Abrasion
Chemical reaction
Adsorption
Corrosion
Deposition and removal
Effects on materials
Material effects Pollutant for exposure
Metals Loss of luster SO₂ , NO - NOx
Paints Discoloration SO₂ ,H₂S, SPM
Leather Bad gloss with no shine SO₂, CO₂
Paper Increase brittleness SO₂, CO₂, H₂S
Textile Decreases durability SO₂, CO₂
Dyes Bleaching action NO₂, CL₂,H₂S
Rubber Cracks, fatigue O₃, CO₂, CO
Effects on Human bodyMajor Air Pollutant Effect
CO ( carbon Mono-oxide) Interferes the bloods ability to carry oxygen
(by combining with hemoglobin) to heart,
brain, tissues
Fatal for heart patient and new born babies
High dose – leads to Coma
Mild dose – headache & tiredness
O₃ (Ozone) Reacts with lung tissues, cause harmful
changes in breathing passage, decreases
lung working ability and cause cough & chest
pain.
Cause eye & throat irritation
SO₂ ( Sulfur Di Oxide) It constricts air passage, creates asthma and
breathing problem in children.
SPM ( Suspended
particulate Matter)
Smaller particles are inhaled and settled in
lungs leading to breathing problem and lung
cancer
Continued…….
Major Air Pollutant Effect
Pb ( Lead) Damage blood, brain , nerves, kidney,
reproductive organs, and immunity system
No₂, NO ( oxides of
Nitrogen)
Respiratory Pathogens increase,
Eye, throat, lung irritation
PAN (Peroxy acetyl Nitrate) Eye irritation, burning, sneezing, cough and
cold.
Health Effects of Nitrogen
Oxides Short-term exposure at concentrations greater
than 3 parts per million (ppm) can measurably decrease lung function.
Concentrations less than 3 ppm can irritate lungs.
Concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm cause lung irritation and measurable decreases in lung function in asthmatics.
Long-term lower level exposures can destroy lung tissue, leading to emphysema.
Children may also be especially sensitive to the effects of nitrogen oxides
Sulfur Dioxide Ninety-five percent of pollution related sulfur
oxide emissions are in the form of sulfur dioxide
(SO2), a heavy, colorless gas with an odor like a
struck match.
Sulfur dioxide not only has a bad odor, it can
irritate the respiratory system.
Exposure to high concentrations for short periods
of time can constrict the bronchi and increase
mucous flow, making breathing difficult.
Children, the elderly, those with chronic lung
disease, and asthmatics are especially
susceptible to these effects.