Air Defense Artillery Glossary

Preface

PURPOSE

The purpose of this glossary is to facilitate a common language within the United States Army Air De-fense Artillery School (USAADASCH), and the air defense community.

SCOPE

This glossary is not an official DoD publication; it is limited to terminology that relates to the air defense community. A number of computer, software, and engineering terms are included, especially those ap-plicable to USAADASCH. Many entries are taken from the JP 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, As Amended through 1 September 2000. A number of outdated or seldomused terms are also included for historical relevance, though obsolete terms are denoted.

World Wide Web

The USAADASCH ADA Glossary can be found on the USAADASCH Digital Training Access (DTAC) home page at http://147.71.210.21/dotd/adagloss.htm

FORMAT

All entries are listed in alphabetical order, including acronyms (which are cross-referenced with their cor-responding definition). General terms are defined in a USAADASCH context where appropriate.

Corrections/Additions

Corrections/Additions should be sent to Directorate of Training and Doctrine (DOTD), ATTN: War-fighter Division, Fort Bliss, Texas. Phone: Comm (915) 568-5722, DSN 978-5722, FAX 568-0450 or http://147.71.210.21/dottd/forms/comments.htm. Include the reference source for the term definition.

USAADASCH Air Defense Artillery Glossary

ii

(This page intentionally left blank.)

ADA GLOSSARY

A

A2C2 Army Airspace Command and Control

AI2 Advanced Image Intensification

A/A air-to-air

A/C aircraft

A/D analog-to-digital; arm/disarm

A/I active/inactive

AD/C3I Air Defense/Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence

Air/Missile Defense Workstation (AMDWS) (FM 44-94 (FM 3-01.94)) The AMDWS is the primary tool for monitoring and managing AMD operations. It receives air situational awareness from the ADSI, and ground situation and intelligence information from the maneuver control system (MCS), all source analysis system remote workstation (ASAS RWS) and other sources. The AMDWS maintains a comprehensive database of the tactical situation and also provides mission-planning capabilities to overlay sensor coverage, weapons coverage, airspace control measures, threat locations, and planned unit positions.

AA Avenue of Approach; antiaircraft; assembly area; active Army

AAA antiaircraft artillery; Air Avenue of Approach

AAC Army Acquisition Corps

AAD Army air defense; active air defense

AADC Area Air Defense Commander; Army Air Defense Command, Army Air Defense Com-mander

AADCCS Army Air Defense Control and Coordination System

AADCOM Army Air Defense Command

AADCP Army Air Defense Command Post

AAGM air-to-air guided missile

AAH advanced attack helicopter

AAL additional authorizations list; ATM adaptation layer

AALC advanced airdrop for land combat

AAM air-to-air missile

AAMDC Army Air and Missile Defense Command


2

AAN Army after next

AAP area air picture

AAPS Advanced Antenna Prototype Subsystem

AAR after action review (See AR 350-50-3)

AATF air assault task force

AATFC Air Assault Task Force Commander

AAVN Army aviation

ABCA American, British, Canadian, and Australian

ABCCC Airborne Battlefield Command and Control Center

ABCS Army Battle Command System

ABDR Army battle damage repair

ABE ALSP Broadcast Emulator

ABFN Array Beam Forming Network

ABL Aviation Battle Lab

ABM anti-ballistic missile; air-breathing missile

ABMOC Air Battle Management Operations Center

abn airborne

Abort (JP 1-02) 1. To terminate a mission for any reason other than enemy action. It may occur at any point after the beginning of the mission and prior to its completion. 2. To discontinue aircraft takeoff or missile launch.

Above ground level (AGL) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The altitude of an aircraft as measured be-tween the terrain (excluding vegetation and man-made structures) and the aircraft. The altitude is usu-ally not the same as measured from sea level. See also coordinating altitude. See FMs 1-111, 17-95, 90-4, and 100-103.

ABT air-breathing threat; air breathing target

AC (ac) active component; Assistant Commandant; alternating current

ACA Airspace Control Authority; airspace coordination area; Airlift Clearance Authority

ACATS Army Combined Arms Training System

ACC Airspace Control Center; Air Combat Command

Accidental launch (USSPACECOM) An unintended launch which occurs without deliberate national design as a direct result of a random event, such as mechanical failure, a simple human error, or an un-authorized action by a subordinate.

ACCS Army Command and Control System

ACE aviation combat element; airborne command element (USAF, JFACC); analysis and con-trol element; ARM countermeasures evaluator

acft aircraft

ack acknowledge; acknowledged; acknowledgement


3

ACL allowable cabin loads

ACM airspace control measure; ALSP common module

ACO airspace control order (JFACC term)

ACOE Army common operating environment

ACOM Atlantic Command

ACP air control point; allied communications publication; airspace control plan

ACQ (acq) acquire; acquisition

Acquire (JP 1-02) 1. When applied to acquisition radars, the process of detecting the presence and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit identification. 2. When applied to tracking radars, the process of positioning a radar beam so that a target is in that beam to permit the effective employment of weapons. See also target acquisition.

Acquisition (ACQ) (sensor) (BMDO Glossary) The result of processing sensor measurements to pro-duce object reports of interest to the system.

Acquisition Field Of View (AFOV)(BMDO Glossary) The instantaneous volume viewed by the in-terceptors sensor during the process of searching its assigned volume.

Acquisition radar (BMDO Glossary) A radar that searches a spatial volume and identifies potential targets from the background and non-hostile objects.

Acquisition tracking and pointing (ATP) (BMDO Glossary) The process of acquiring within a given field of view a target (or targets) and maintaining a precision track of the same while enabling the pointing of a sensor or weapon at the target so that it may be destroyed.

ACR ammunition condition report; armored cavalry regiment

Active (BMDO Glossary) In surveillance, an adjective applied to actions or equipment, which emit energy capable of being detected, e.g., radar in and active sensor.

Active Air Defense (AAD) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Direct defensive action taken to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action. It includes such measures as the use of aircraft, air de-fense weapons, weapons not used primarily in an air defense role, and electronic warfare. See also air defense. (Army) Direct defensive action taken to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles. See FMs 44-63 (FM 3-01.64) and 44-100 (FM 3-01).

Active Defense (AD) (JP 1-02) Operations that protect selected assets and forces from attack by de-stroying TM airborne launch platforms and/or TMs in flight. Active defense also includes those ac-tions that mitigate the effectiveness of targeting and delivery systems through EW against remote or onboard guidance systems. (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Applies to operations initiated to protect assets against a tactical missile attack by destroying theater missile TM airborne launch plat-forms or destroying TMs in flight. Active defense includes multi-tiered defense in depth via multiple engagements using air, land, and sea theater missile defense systems. It also includes using electronic warfare to disrupt enemy remote or onboard guidance systems. See FMs 44-100 (FM 3-01), and JP 3-01.5.

Active homing guidance (JP 1-02) A system of homing guidance wherein both the source for illumi-nating the target, and the receiver for detecting the energy reflected from the target as the result of il-luminating the target, are carried within the missile. See also guidance.

Active missile defense (AMD) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Active missile defense applies to operations initiated to protect against a TM attack by destroying TM airborne launch platforms and/or destroying


4

TMs in flight. Active missile defense includes a multi-layered defense in depth via multiple engage-ments using air, land, and sea assets. It also includes active electronic warfare to disrupt remote or on-board guidance systems.

Active Sensor (BMDO Glossary) A sensor that illuminates a target, producing return secondary radia-tion, which is then detected to track and/or identifies the target. An example is radar.

ACTS Advanced Communication Technology Satellite

ACU antenna control unit

ACUS Army Common User System

ACUSN Area Common User Network

ACV antenna cable vehicle

AD Air Defense; armored division; active duty; aerospace defense

ADA Air Defense Artillery; air defense area

ADAA air defense action area

ADAC Air Defense Artillery Controller

ADAD Air Defense Artillery Director

ADADO Assistant Division Air Defense Officer

ADAFCO Air Defense Artillery Fire Control Officer

ADAM Army-wide Device Automated Management

ADAM CELL Air Defense Artillery Airspace Management Cell

ADAOD Air Defense Artillery Operations Detachment

ADAOO Air Defense Artillery Operations Office(R)

ADAR air defense area

ADASP air defense annual service practice

ADATOC Air Defense Tactical Operations Center (USA Brigade); Army Defense Artillery Tactical Operations Center

ADATS Air Defense Antitank System

ADBLSE Air Defense Battle Lab Support Element

ADC air defense control; air defense coordination; Air Defense Command; Aerospace Com-mand

ADCATT Air Defense Combined Arms Tactical Trainer

ADCC Air Defense Control Center; air defense close combat

ADCCS Air Defense Command and Control Systems

ADCCCS Air Defense Command, Control, and Coordination System

ADCMS air defense combat modeling simulations

ADCN air defense control net

ADCO Air Defense Communications Office(R)


5

ADCOORD Air Defense Coordinator

ADCOP Air Defense Command Post

ADCP air defense communication platform

ADCS Air Defense Coordination Section

ADD air defense district; air defense division

ADDC Air Defense Direction Center

ADDEOS Air Defense Electro Optical System

ADDS Army Data Distribution System = EPLRS + JTIDS; Army Data Dictionary System

ADDSI Army data distribution system interface/improved

ADDSTT Army Data Distribution System Tactical Trainer

ADE air defense emergency

ADEW air defense early warning

ADF asset defense file

ADI air defense initiative; air defense interface

ADIZ air defense identification zone

ADL automatic data link

ADLNO Air Defense Liaison Officer

ADMP abbreviated decision-making process

ADMS Air Defense Missile System (USMC term)

ADO Air Defense Officer; Army Digitization Office

ADOA air defense operations area

ADOC Air Defense Operations Center

ADOCC Air Defense Operations Control Center

ADOCS Advanced Digital Optical Control System

ADOLT air defense operations liaison team

ADP automatic data processor; air defense plan

ADPE automatic data processing equipment

ADR automatic data reentry

ADRG ARC/Army Digitized Raster Graphics

ADRS Automatic Data Reentry System

ADS Air Defense Sector; Air Defense Section; air defense suppression; Advanced Distribution Simulation/Azimuth Determining System

ADSAM air-directed surface-to-air missile

ADSCOM Air Defense Support Command


6

ADSI air defense system integrator

ADSM air defense suppression missile

ADSS Atmospheric Density Specification Satellite

ADT air defense table; active duty for training

ADTOC Air Defense Tactical Operations Center

ADTOS Air Defense Tactical Operations Section

Advance party See AR 310-25, and also FM 55-30 (FM 4-01.30).

Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) (Weapon Systems 1999) Provides the multi-service (Army and Marine Corps) automated Fire Support Command, Control, and Communica-tions portion of the Army Battle Command System (ABCS). Enables the maneuver commander to plan and execute attacks on the right target, at the right time, with the right weapons system, and the right ammunition.

ADW air defense warning

ADX air defense exercise

AE antenna equipment; antenna element; automatic emplacement

Aegis (JP 1-02) A totally integrated shipboard weapon system that combines computers, radars, and missiles to provide a defense umbrella for surface shipping. The system is capable of automatically de-tecting, tracking, and destroying airborne, sea-borne, and land-launched weapons.

Aerial platform See air platform

Aerial Port Of Debarkation (APOD) See FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1) See also FM 55-12.

Aerial Port Of Embarkation (APOE) See FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1) See also FM 55-12.

Aerial targets for training (FM 3-01.11) Normally, all ADA live-fire training is conducted using high performance unmanned aerial targets. These targets must be capable of simulating combat aircraft characteristics and will require the ADA weapon system to use its maximum capability. Numerous types of aerial targets, operated by troop units or furnished and operated by contract personnel, are available for ADA service practice. Three categories of aerial targets are described in the following ta-bles. They are drone targets, towed targets, and ballistic and troop operated targets. See FM 3-01.11 for more information.

Aerodynamic missile (JP 1-02) A missile which uses aerodynamic forces to maintain its flight path. See also ballistic missile; guided missile.

Aerospace Defense (AD) (JP 1-02) 1. All defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking enemy aircraft, and missiles and also negate hostile space systems. 2. An inclusive term encompassing air defense, ballistic missile defense, and space defense. See also air defense. See FM 44-100 (FM 3-01).

Aerostats (BMDO Glossary) Ship- or ground-moored balloon supporting a radar antenna.

AES azimuth error site

AEU antenna equipment unit

AEW airborne early warning

AF Air Force


7

AFAS Advanced Field Artillery System

AFATDS Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System; Army Field Artillery Target Direction System.

AFB air force base

AFGWC Air Force Global Weather Central

AFND assumed friend

AFOV acquisition field of view

AFP Assault Fire Platoon

AFSOC Air Force Special Operations Command

AFU Assault Fire Unit

AGC automatic gain control

AGCCS Air Force Global Command And Control System (USAF term); Army Global Command And Control System (USA term)

AGES Air-to-Ground Engagement System

Agility (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The ability of friendly forces to act faster than the enemy and is a prerequisite to seizing and holding the initiative. Agility is a mental as well as a physical quality. See FM 100-5.

AGL above ground level

AGM air-to-ground missile

AGM-65 Maverick air-to-surface missile

AGM-69 See short-range attack missile.

AGR Active Guard Reserve

AGS Armored Gun System

AGT aerial gunnery target

AGTS Advanced Gunnery Training System

AHAS Automated Historical Archives System

AI air interdiction; airborne intercept

AICBM anti-intercontinental ballistic missile

AIM air intercept missile

AIMS Advanced Integrated Man-portable System

AIN Army Interoperability Network

AIPB air intelligence preparation of the battlespace

AIS Automated Information System

Air and Missile Defense (AMD) (USAADASCH) As normally used, the term is synonymous with theater air and missile defense (see entry). However, the term can also be used in a broader context to apply to any integrated joint force operations conducted to destroy air and missile threats in flight or


8

prior to launch regardless of whether the operations occur in an established theater. The term can also be used in a narrower context to apply to ADA operations (or active defense operations) conducted to destroy air and missile threats in flight.

Air and Missile Defense Coordinator (AMDCOORD) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) The AMDCOORD is responsible for planning air and missile defense operations to support the force commander's con-cept of the operation. The AMDCOORD is an integral member of the maneuver commander's staff planning team. The AMDCOORD, with input from the G2, assesses the air and missile threat and the commander's intent in order to develop TMD, OCA, and DCA priorities. The AMDCOORD assists the fire support coordinator in integrating OCA and TMD attack operations priorities into the force's targeting process. The AMDCOORD recommends active, passive, and other combined arms air and missile defense measures in the air defense estimate. After staff coordination and approval of the air defense estimate, the AMDCOORD develops the air defense annex to the operation plan. The AMDCOORD also coordinates with ADA elements at higher and lower echelons, as well as with ad-jacent units. Coordination ensures vertical and horizontal integration of ADA coverage throughout the battlefield. For example, the corps AMDCOORD integrates corps ADA with theater, division, and ad-jacent corps ADA forces. In force-projection operations, this will include integration with joint or mul-tinational counterair and theater missile defense participants. The division AMDCOORD ensures the air defense plan interfaces with the corps and adjacent division air defense plans.

Air and Missile Defense Master Plan (AMDMP) (ftp://147.71.210.21/amdfy99/) The AMDMP is the Air Defense Artillery branch modernization plan to execute the air and missile defense mission on the battlefields of the next century. It provides a common azimuth to focus air and missile defense modernization for the needs of Army XXI through Army After Next. It also assures unity of purpose and a consistent Air Defense Artillery community approach to future modernization actions.

Air and Missile Defense Planning and Control System (AMDPCS) (FM 3-01.11) The AMDPCS is a mission essential system that provides ADA commanders, staffs and crews with automated capabili-ties to enhance the execution of air and missile defense operations. The AMDPCS is composed of a set of modular, reconfigureable, and standardized automated data processing equipment, based on com-mon hardware and software (CHS) developed for the Army Battle Command System (ABCS). The AMDPCS components will be designed for use with variants of the army standard integrated com-mand post system (SICPS) appropriate to the mission and mobility requirements of the supported unit. The reconfigureable nature of the AMDPCS provides an inherent "jump TOC" capability to support limited AMDPCS operations. A portion of the AMDPCS is deployed into a theater or new area of op-erations to provide a capability to perform critical command, control, communications and intelligence (C3I) functions until the entire AMDPCS is deployed. Appropriate configurations of the AMDPCS will be fielded at all echelons of command and control. The AMDPCS integrates all air and missile de-fense sensors, weapons and C3I capabilities into a cohesive, synergistic system capable of minimizing fratricide, protecting the force and defeating or neutralizing the air and missile threat. It provides the automated interface for AMD elements at theater and below with the Army Battle Command System (ABCS) and the Army Global Command and Control System (AGCCS), allowing unit commanders and staffs to plan, coordinate and control the AMD fight. The AMDPCS will also be capable of joint service information exchange and interfacing with appropriate allied C3I systems.

Air and Missile Defense Task Force (AMDTF) See air and missile defense; task force.

Air attack (JP 1-02) 1. Coordinated -- A combination of two or more types of air attack (dive, glide, low-level) in one strike, using one or more types of aircraft.

Air Avenue of Approach (AAA) (JP 1-02) See Avenue of Approach

Air Battle Management (FM 44-71 (FM 3-01.7)) A fundamental task or air defense command and control and airspace management which encompasses the principles for the control and coordination


9

of both tactical air and ground-based air defense resources. Air battle management is exercised through positive and procedural methods.

Air Battle Management Operations Center (ABMOC) airborne (abn) (JP 1-02) 1. In relation to personnel, troops especially trained in effect, following transport by air, an assault debarkation. 2. In relation to equipment, pieces of equipment that have been especially designed for use by airborne troops during or after an assault debarkation. It also designates aeronautical equipment used to accom-plish a particular mission. 4. The state of an aircraft, from the instant it becomes entirely sustained by air until it is attached to the ground.

Airborne Battlefield Command and Control Center (ABCCC) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A United States Air Force aircraft equipped with communications, data link, and display equipment; it may be employed as an airborne command post or a communications and intelligence relay facility. See FMs 7-30, 71-100, and JP 3-18.1.

Airborne Early Warning (AEW) (JP 1-02) The detection of enemy air or surface units by radar or other equipment carried in an airborne vehicle, and the transmitting of a warning to friendly units.

Airborne Warning And Control System (AWACS) (JP 1-02) Air surveillance and control provided by airborne early warning aircraft which are equipped with search and height-finding radar and com-munications equipment for controlling weapon systems.

Air-breathing (BMDO Glossary) A flying vehicle that uses the oxygen in the atmosphere as the oxi-dizer in its propulsion system. Examples are jet aircraft and cruise missiles. This category does not in-clude ballistic missiles.

Air-Breathing Missile (ABM) (JP 1-02) A missile with an engine requiring the intake of air for com-bustion of its fuel, as in a ramjet or turbojet. To be contrasted with the rocket missile, which carries its own oxidizer and can operate beyond the atmosphere.

Air Breathing Threat (ABT) (FM 3-10.87) The air breathing threat includes fixed-wing (FW) and rotary wing (RW) aircraft, tactical air-to-surface missiles (TASM), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

Air Control Point (ACP) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) (Army) An easily identifiable point on the ter-rain or an electronic navigational aid used to provide necessary control during air movement. ACPs are generally designated at each point where the flight route or air corridor makes a definite change and at any point deemed necessary for timing or control of the operation. (See also air corridor, com-munications checkpoint (CCP), and minimum-risk route (MRR).) See FMs 1-111, 71-100-3, and 100-103.

Air Corridor (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and established to prevent friendly aircraft from being fired upon by friendly forces. (Army) Used to deconflict artillery fire positions with aviation traffic, including unmanned aerial vehicles. (See also air control point (ACP).) See FM 1-111, 71-100-3, and 100-103.

Air Defense (AD) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) All defensive measures designed to destroy at-tacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the Earths envelope of atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the ef-fectiveness of such attack. (See also active air defense; aerospace defense; air defense suppression, and passive air defense.) See FMs 44-63 (FM 3-01.64) and 44-100 (FM 3-01).

Air Defense Action Area (ADAA) (JP 1-02) An area and the airspace above it within which friendly aircraft or surface-to-air weapons are normally given precedence in operations except under specified conditions. See also air defense operations area.


10

Air defense area (JP 1-02) 1. OverseasA specifically defined airspace for which air defense must be planned and provided. 2. United States Airspace of defined dimensions designated by the appropri-ate agency within which the ready control of airborne vehicles is required in the interest of national security during an air defense emergency.

Air Defense Artillery (ADA) (JP 1-02) Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground.

Air Defense Artillery Controller (ADAC) (AR 310-25) An air defense artillery officer located at the sector control center who provides information to the Army air defense commander concerning activi-ties at the sector control center.

Air Defense Artillery defended area (AR 310-25) An air defense restricted area which is denied to friendly aircraft except under certain specified conditions. See also air defense artillery prohibited area; Air Defense Artillery restricted area; Air Defense restricted area.

Air Defense Artillery Employment Guidelines (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Planning and positioning ADA resources involves applying six employment guidelines. The guidelines are mutual support, overlapping fires, balanced fires, weighted coverage, early engagement, and defense in depth.

Mutual support is achieved by positioning weapons so that the fires of one weapon can engage targets within the dead zone of the adjacent weapon system. For gun systems, this dead zone is usually small. For missile systems, the dead zone can be large and the need for mutual support is great. Mutual support can also be used to cover non-operational units or units at lower states of readiness.

Overlapping fires are achieved by positioning weapons so their engagement envelopes overlap. Because of the many altitudes from which the enemy can attack or conduct RSTA operations, the defense planner must apply mutual support or overlapping fires vertically and horizontally.

Balanced fires are achieved by positioning weapons to deliver an equal volume of fire in all directions. This may be necessary when air defense is used in an area where the terrain does not ca-nalize the enemy, or when the air avenue of approach is not predictable.

Weighted coverage is achieved by combining and concentrating fires toward the most likely threat air avenues of approach or direction of attack. Based on the tactical situation, a commander may risk leaving one direction of attack unprotected or lightly protected to weight coverage toward another direction.

Early engagement is achieved by positioning sensors and weapons so they can engage the threat before ordnance release or target acquisition. Ideally, ADA should engage and destroy the enemy before it can fire on or acquire the defended asset or force.

Defense in depth is achieved by positioning sensors and weapons so the air threat will come un-der an increasing volume of fire as it approaches the protected asset or force. Defense in depth low-ers the probability that the enemy will reach the defended asset or force.

Air Defense Artillery Employment Principles (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Commanders apply four principles when planning active air and missile defense operations. These principles are mass, mix, mobility, and integration.

Mass is the concentration of air and missile defense combat power. It is achieved by assigning enough firepower to successfully defend the force or the asset against air and missile attack or sur-veillance. To mass air and missile defense combat power, commanders may have to accept risks in other areas of the battlefield.


11

Mix is the employment of a combination of weapon and sensor systems to protect the force and assets from the threat. Mix offsets the limitations of one system with the capabilities of another and complicates the situation for the attacker. All joint and multinational arms resources are considered when applying this principle. Proper mix causes the enemy to adjust their tactics. Enemy tactics de-signed to defeat one system may make the enemy vulnerable to another friendly system.

Mobility is the capability to move from place to place while retaining the ability to perform the air defense mission. The mobility of air and missile defense resources must be equivalent to the mobil-ity of the supported force. First priority for mobility should be planning moves that support accom-plishment of the mission. Tactical situations may dictate additional moves to enhance survivability. Strategic mobility is essential to support force-projection operations.

Integration is the close coordination of effort and unity of action, which maximizes operational effectiveness. It is applicable, regardless of command relationships established. Active air and mis-sile defense operations must be integrated into the supported commander's concept of the opera-tion. The AD plan describes vertical and horizontal integration of air defense systems across the width and depth of the battlefield and includes integration with joint and multinational forces.

Air Defense Artillery Fire Control Officer (ADAFCO) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) A liaison between AADC DCA operations and land-based ADA systems for engagement operations. The ADAFCO works with either the regional air defense commander (RADC) or sector air defense commander (SADC). He provides a single Army point of contact between land-based AMD for fire direction cen-ters and the controlling authority. The ADAFCO operates a console and, as required, assigns hostile targets to the tactical director at the FDC. It is a highly efficient arrangement for air defense operations because the ADAFCO normally is a Patriot officer and is more tactically proficient at controlling land-based air defense fires.

Air Defense Artillery Fire Unit (FU) (AR 310-25) The smallest group of personnel and equipment of a particular air defense weapon system capable of conducting a complete engagement from detection to destruction.

Air Defense Artillery methods of control (MOC) (AR 310-25) Procedures by which the fires of air defense weapon systems are supervised in a particular defense. Theater rules or unit standing operating procedures may specify or imply use of either the centralized or decentralized method of control, or circumstances may force autonomous operations.

Air Defense Artillery prohibited area (AR 310-25) An airspace, which is denied to friendly aircraft under all conditions. See also Air Defense Artillery defended area; Air Defense Artillery restricted area; Air Defense restricted area.

Air Defense Artillery restricted area (AR 310-25) An airspace in which there are special restrictive measures employed to minimize interference between friendly forces. See also Air Defense Artillery defended area; Air Defense Artillery prohibited area.

Air Defense Artillery special control instructions (AR 310-25) Control instructions pertaining to specific engagements by radar-directed air defense artillery weapons. Special control instructions in-clude hold fire, cease-fire, and cease engagement.

Air Defense battle zone (JP 1-02) A volume of airspace surrounding an air defense fire unit or de-fended area, extending to a specified altitude and range, in which the fire unit commander will engage and destroy targets not identified as friendly under criteria established by higher headquarters.

Air defense conditions of readiness (AR 310-25) The means by specified authorities to maintain the air defenses at a state of preparedness compatible with the real or apparent imminence of attack. The terms air defense readiness condition and defense readiness postures are frequently used in relation to


12

conditions of readiness. In response to each condition of readiness, the Army air defense commander prescribes a required state of alert for each air defense artillery unit under his command.

Air Defense Control Center (ADCC) (JP 1-02) The principal information, communications, and op-erations center, from which all aircraft, antiaircraft operations, air defense artillery, guided missiles, and air warning functions of a specific area of air defense responsibility are supervised and coordi-nated. Also called air defense operations center. See also combat information center.

Air Defense Coordinator (ADCOORD) See Air and Missile Defense Coordinator (AMDCOORD)

Air Defense direction center (JP 1-02) An installation having the capability of performing air surveil-lance, interception, control, and direction of allocated air defense weapons within an assigned sector of responsibility. It may also have an identification capability.

Air Defense division (JP 1-02) A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. See also air de-fense sector.

Air Defense early warning (JP 1-02) See early warning.

Air Defense Emergency (ADE) (JP 1-02) An emergency condition, declared by the Commander in Chief, North American Air Defense Command, that exists when attack upon the continental United States, Alaska, Canada, or United States installations; in Greenland by hostile aircraft or missiles is considered probable, is imminent, or is taking place.

Air Defense ground environment (JP 1-02) The network of ground radar sites and command and control centers within a specific theater of operations, which are used for the tactical control of air de-fense operations.

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) (JP 1-02) Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required. See also air defense opera-tions area.

Air Defense Liaison Officer (ADLNO) (FM 44-94 (FM 3-01.94)) The AAMDC deploys liaison offi-cers (LNOs) to critical theater and ARFOR C2 nodes. The LNOs provide the essential coordination needed to prosecute the TAMD fight efficiently. They keep TAMD commanders and staffs apprised of the status of TAMD operations and recommend appropriate courses of action relative to air and mis-sile events. They also serve as subject matter experts on the capabilities of the AAMDC and its subor-dinate ADA forces.

Air Defense Operations Area (ADOA) (JP 1-02) An area and the airspace above it within which pro-cedures are established to minimize mutual interference between air defense and other operations. It may include designation of one or more of the following: air defense action area, air defense area; air defense identification zone, and/or firepower umbrella. See also air defense action area, air defense identification zone, firepower umbrella, positive identification and radar advisory zone.

Air Defense Operations Center (ADOC) (JP 1-02) See air defense control center.

Air defense operations liaison team (ADOLT) See Liaison Team

Air defense operations team (JP 1-02) A team of United States Air Force ground environment per-sonnel assigned to certain air defense control and warning units/elements.

Air defense readiness (JP 1-02) An operational status requiring air defense forces to maintain higher than ordinary preparedness for a short period of time.

Airs defense region (JP 1-02) A geographical subdivision of an air defense area.


13

Air defense restricted area (AR 310-25) An airspace, in which, there are special restrictive measures employed to prevent or minimize interference between friendly forces. See also Air defense artillery defended area; Air defense artillery prohibited area.

Air Defense sector (JP 1-02) A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. See also air defense division.

Air defense suppression (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) In air operations, actions taken to de-grade fixed and mobile surface-based components of enemy air defense systems so that offensive air forces may effectively attack a target. See FMs 1-111, 6-20 series, and 44-100 (FM 3-01).

Air defense tactical operations center (ADTOC) See tactical operations center

Air defense tactical operations section (ADTOS) See tactical operations center

Air Defense Warning (ADW) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) In air defense, air defense warnings (ADW) represent the commanders evaluation of the probability of air and/or missile attack within the AO. ADW are routinely issued by area, region, or sector AD commanders. Any commander can issue them. In no case can a commander lower ADW issued by the AD area, region, or sector commander. The issuance of an ADW is not tied to any other warning procedure or alert status. Therefore, a com-mander may issue an ADW irrespective of DEFCON or WAD. ADA commanders do not change the readiness posture of their units by changing the ADW, but instead raise or lower the WAD or SOR and SOE. See air defense warning (ADW) conditions.

Air Defense Warning (ADW) conditions (JP 1-02) A degree of air raids probability according to the following code. The term air defense division/sector referred to herein may include forces and units afloat and/or deployed to forward areas, as applicable. Air defense warning yellow attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is probable. This means that hostile aircraft and/or missiles are en route toward an air defense division/sector, or unknown aircraft and/or missiles suspected to be hostile are en route toward or are within an air defense division/sector. Air defense warning red attack by hostile air-craft and/or missiles is imminent or in progress. This means that hostile aircraft and/or missiles are within an air defense division/sector or are in the immediate vicinity of an air defense division/sector with high probability of entering the division/sector. Air defense warning white attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is probable. May be called either before or after air defense warning yellow or red. The initial declaration of air defense emergency will automatically establish a condition of air de-fense warning other than white for purposes of security control of air traffic.

Air Defense Warning -Local (LADW) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1))

Dynamite Aircraft are inbound or attacking now, Response is immediate.

Lookout Aircraft are in the area of interest but are not threatening or are inbound but there is time to react.

Snowman No aircraft pose a threat at this time.

See FM 44-100 (FM 3-01).

Air defense weapons control status (AR 310-25) The degree of fire control imposed upon Army units having an air defense mission in the combat zone. Weapons control status terms normally used are as follows; weapons free, weapons tight, and weapons hold.

Air-launched ballistic missile (JP 1-02) A ballistic missile launched from an airborne vehicle.

Air-Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM) (Dictionary, Army, Navy, Air Force) Guided missile, the ma-jor portion of whose flight path to its target is at approximately constant velocity.


14

Air Liaison Officer (ALO) (JP 1-02) An officer (aviator/pilot) attached to a ground unit who func-tions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air operation matters. (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The senior Air Force officer at each tactical air control party who provides advice on the capabilities, limitations, and employment of fixed wing aircraft and coordinates close air support element. (See also tactical air control party (TACP).) See FMs 6-20 and 101-5.

Air Operations Center (AOC) (JP 1-02) The principal air operations installation from which aircraft and air warning functions of combat air operations are directed, controlled, and executed. It is the sen-ior agency of the Air Force Component Commander from which command and control of air opera-tions are coordinated with other components and services.

Air platform (AR 310-25) Any weight carrying vehicle capable of navigating under its own power above the earths surface.

Air route (JP 1-02) The navigable airspace between two points, identified to the extent necessary for the application of flight rules.

Airspace control (JP 1-02) See airspace control in the combat zone.

Airspace Control Authority (ACA) (JP 1-02) The commander designated to assume overall respon-sibility for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The joint force air component commander has responsibility for all airspace op-erations above the coordinating altitude and forward of the joint force land component commanders forward boundary, if so designated. See FMs 100-15 and 100-103.

Airspace Control Center (ACC) (JP 1-02) The airspace control authoritys primary airspace control facility, including assigned Service component, host nation, and/or allied personnel and equipment.

Airspace control in the combat zone (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A process, used to increase combat effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. Airspace control is provided in order to prevent fratricide, enhance air defense operations, and permit greater flexibility of operations. Airspace control does not infringe on the authority vested in commanders to approve, dis-approve, or deny combat operations. (See also airspace control authority (ACA), airspace control order (ACO), and airspace coordination area (ACA).) See FM 100-103.

Airspace Control Measures (ACM) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Rules, mechanisms, and directions governed by joint doctrine and defined by the airspace control plan which control the use of airspace of specified dimensions. (See also high-density airspace control zone (HIDACZ), low-level transit route (LLTR), minimum-risk route (MRR), and standard use Army aircraft flight route (SAAFR).) See Fm 100-103.

Airspace control order (ACO) (JP 1-02) An order implementing the airspace control plan that pro-vides the details of the approved requests for airspace control measures. It is published either as part of the air tasking order or as a separate document. (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1))It includes tem-porary airspace control measures and designates which organization is controlling authority for each. See FMs 100-15 and 100-103.

Airspace Control Plan (ACP) (JP 1-02) The document approved by the joint force commander that provides specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint force area of responsibility/joint operations area.

Airspace Coordination Area (ACA) (JP 1-02) A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. The airspace coordination area may be formal or informal. (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) In fire support operations, a restrictive fire support coordination measure that estab-lishes a three-dimensional block of airspace in the battle area in which friendly aircraft are reasonably


15

safe from friendly fires. Aircraft and indirect fire are separated by time, space, or altitude. The purpose of the ACA is to allow the simultaneous attack of targets near each other by multiple fire support means, one of which normally air. (See also Army airspace command and control (A2C2)).) See FMs 100-103 and JP 3-56.

Airspace management (JP 1-02) The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace of defined dimensions.

Air-to-air guided missile (AAGM) (JP 1-02) An air-launched guided missile for use against air tar-gets. See also guided missile.

Air-to-ground missile (AGM) See air-to-surface guided missile

Air-to-surface guided missile (ASGM) (JP 1-02) An air-launched guided missile for use against sur-face targets. See also guided missile.

Air-to-surface missile (ASM) (FM 44-100 (FM 3-01)) Air-to-surface missiles (ASM) are air-launched, precision-guided munitions designed to strike ground targets. They are ideal against targets, such as bridges, that are difficult to destroy with "dumb" bombs. They are similar to air-launched CM, but are smaller, have shorter ranges, lack the wings and aerodynamic lift associated with CM flights, and are launched by tactical fighter-bomber aircraft. Most threat ASM are of Soviet or Russian origin and employ radio command, laser, anti-radiation homing, or electronic-optical guidance systems.

Air Tasking Order (ATO) (JP 1-02) A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordi-nate units, and command and control agencies those projected sorties/capabilities/forces to targets and specific missions. Normally provides specific instructions to include call signs, targets, controlling agencies, etc., as well as general instructions.

AJ anti-jamming

AKN Army Knowledge Network

ALARM (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Directive/information indicating the termination of EMCON.

ALBE air-land battlefield environment

ALBM air-land battlefield management

ALC advanced land combat

ALCC Airlift Coordination Center (JFACC term)

ALCE airlift control element

ALCM air-launched cruise missile

ALERT attack and launch early reporting to theater

Alert (JP 1-02) 1. Readiness for action, defense or protection. 2. A warning signal of a real or threat-ened danger, such as an air attack. 3. The period of time during which troops stand by in response to an alarm. 4. To forewarn; to prepare for action. See also airborne alert. 5. A warning received by a unit or a headquarters, which forewarns of an impending operational mission. See also air defense warning conditions; ground alert; and warning order.

ALO Air Liaison Officer

ALOC air line(s) of communications

aloc allocate

ALRCS advanced low-radar cross section


16

alt altitude

AM amplitude modulation

AMC Army Materiel Command

AMCOM Aviation and Missile Command

AMD air and missile defense; active missile defense

AMDC Army Missile Defense Command

AMDCOORD Air and Missile Defense Coordinator (USAADASCH)

AMDMP Air and Missile Defense Master Plan

AMDPCS Air and Missile Defense Planning and Control System

AMDTF air and missile defense task force

AMDWS Air/Missile Defense Workstation

AME airspace management element

AMG antenna mast group

AMLS airspace management liaison section

AMM antimissile missile

ammo ammunition

amp amplifying; amplifier

AMRAAM Advanced Medium Range Air-To-Air Missile

AMT Avenger maintenance trainer

AMTS active maintenance training simulator

ANCD automated net control device

ANG Army National Guard

ANGELS (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Height of friendly aircraft in thousands of feet.

ANMD Army National Missile Defense

Antenna Equipment Unit (AEU) (FM 3-01.11) The THAAD AEU consists of an X-band, phased array antenna and an electronics package. The AE transmits radio frequency (RF) energy to support search, track, and interceptor uplink/downlink. The AE includes the capability to transmit multiple RF beams sequentially and receive beams simultaneously. The AEU has both front and rear leveling jacks. The M1088 Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) or a commercial semi-tractor moves the AEU. The AEU performs fence, volume, and cued search and serves as the communications link to in-flight missiles. The antenna can be positioned from zero to eighty degrees in elevation.

Antenna Mast Group (AMG) (TM 9-1425-600-12) The AMG provides antenna/amplifier systems for use with the UHF communications equipment located in the ECS, ICC, or CRG shelter that the AMG is supporting. The AMG is employed to overcome terrain obstacles and to increase the range of transmission and reception of UHF data and voice communications.

Antiballistic Missile (ABM) (BMDO Glossary) The term used for Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) weapons developed to negate the ballistic missile threat in the late 60s and early 70s.


17

Antiballistic missile system (BMDO Glossary) A system designed to counter strategic missiles or their elements in-flight.

Anti-radiation missile (ARM) (JP 1-02) A missile which homes passively on a radiation source. See also guided missile.

Antitactical missile (ATM) See MIM-104C

AO area of operations; action officer

AOA analysis of alternatives; angle of attack

AOB air order of battle

AOC air operations center; area of concentration; augmentee observer controller

AOI area of interest; additional operational issue

AOR area of responsibility

AOS Azimuth Orientation System

AOT augmentee observer trainer

AP armor-piercing; ammunition point; antipersonnel

APC armored personnel carrier

APDS armor-piercing discarding sabot

APDS-T armor-piercing discarding sabot-tracer

APOC Army point of contact

APOD aerial port of debarkation

APOE aerial-port of embarkation

Apogee (JP 1-02) The point at which a missile trajectory or satellites orbit is farthest from the center of the gravitational field of the controlling body or bodies.

APSE ADA programming support environment (Signal Corps)

APU auxiliary power unit

AR Army regulation; armor

ARAMS All Radiation Anti-Missile System

ARBC Army Brigade Center

ARCENT Allied Forces, Central Europe

Area Air Defense Commander (AADC) (JP 1 02) Within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force, the commander will assign overall responsibility for air defense to a sin-gle commander. Normally, this will be the component commander with the preponderance of air de-fense capability and the command, control, and communications capability to plan and execute inte-grated air defense operations. Representation from the other components involved will be provided, as appropriate, to the area air defense commanders headquarters. See JP 3-12.1

Area Common User System (ACUS) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01.12)) The ACUS is the in-theater, tactical communications equivalent to civilian phone service. The ACUS is installed and operated by the Army signal brigades at the EAC and corps levels and organic signal battalions in the divisions envi-ronment. The ACUS utilizes the MSE communications family of equipment that consists of a variety


18

of multi-channel radio and switching systems to form a communications network to provide bulk-encrypted (secure), voice and data, and tactical packet network switching.

Area Common User Network (ACUSN) (FM 3-01.11) Doctrinally, Theater Army, EAC, and corps signal brigade resources provide MSE and Tri-tactical (Tri-Tac) communications support as required by the theater commander. This support consists of voice and data over MSE packet networks, and Tri-Tac network services. These communications resources collectively make up the Tri-Tac commu-nication systems at the EAC level, and the ACUS at corps level and below, to include the division lev-els. The ACUS and or Tri-Tac networks may provide secure EO voice and secure FO voice and fax data connectivity to the THAAD battery depending on the batterys location.

Area of influence (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commanders command or control. (Army) It includes both organic and supporting combat power, to include joint, multinational, or interagency assets.

Area of interest (AOI) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory to the objec-tives of current or planned operations. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces which could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. (Army) A geographical area from which in-formation and intelligence are required to execute successful tactical operations and to plan for future operations. It includes any threat forces or characteristics of the battlefield environment that will sig-nificantly influence accomplishment of the commands mission. (See also area of operations (AO) and battlespace.) See FMs 34-130, 71-100, and 100-15.

Area of operations (AO) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and naval forces. Areas of operation do not typically encompass the entire operational area of the joint force commander, but should be large enough for component commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. (Army) A geographical area, including the airspace above, usually defined by lateral, forward, and rear boundaries assigned to a commander, by a higher commander, in which he has responsibility and authority to conduct military operations. (See also area of interest (AOI) and battlespace.) See FMs 34-130, 71-100, 100-5, 100-15, 100-20, and JP 5-0.

ARFOR Army Forces

ARM antiradiation missile

Army Air and Missile Defense Command (AAMDC) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01.12)) Performs critical theater level air and missile defense planning integration, coordination, and execution functions for the ARFOR commander and JFLCC. The AAMDC integrates the four operational elements of TMD: ac-tive defense, attack operations, passive defense, and C4I to protect contingency, forward deployed, and reinforcing forces as well as designated theater strategic assets. The AAMDC prepares the air and mis-sile defense annex for the ARFOR operations order (OPORD). The AAMDC commands the echelons above corps (EAC) ADA brigades and other assigned forces.

Army Air and Missile Defense Coordinator (AMDCOORD) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01)) The AMDCOORD is an integral member of ARFOR staff planning teams. The senior ADA commander at each level in the ARFOR organization normally performs AMDCOORD functions. The AMDCOORD recommends active defense priorities consistent with the factors of METT-TC. The AMDCOORD develops these priorities based on CVRT factors of each asset. The AMDCOORD rec-ommends ADA and other combined arms active defense measures in the active defense estimates. Af-ter staff coordination and approval of active defense estimates, the AMDCOORD develops the active defense portion of the air and missile defense annex to the ARFOR OPLAN. The AMDCOORD also


19

assists in integrating TMD priorities into the forces targeting process. The AAMDC Commander is the TAAMDCOORD and the AMDCOORD to the ARFOR Commander.

Army Air Defense Command (AADC) (AR 310-25) 1. Command composed of a headquarters bat-tery and two or more brigades of air defense artillery. 2. A command established by the US Army to command all Army air defense forces allocated to the air defense of the United States. 3. A major sub-ordinate command of the US theater army, collateral with army groups and established by existing op-erational requirements.

Army Air Defense Command Post (AADCP) (JP 1-02) The tactical headquarters of an Army air de-fense commander.

Army Airspace Command And Control (A2C2) (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The Armys application of airspace control to coordinate airspace users for concurrent employment in the accom-plishment of assigned missions. (See also airspace control order (ACO).) See FM 100-103.

Army Battle Command System (ABCS) (Weapon Systems 1999) The Armys component to the GCCS and, as such, provides the mechanism to receive and transmit information among the joint forces. The ABCS consists of subsystems for the Battlefield Functional Area (BFA) each of which supports, provides information to other systems, and provides situational awareness of the battlefield. By integrating the ABCS components through the Joint Common Data Base (JCDB), the Common Tactical Picture can be viewed at any workstation, to the operators specific requirements.

Army Brigade Center (ARBC) (BMDO Glossary) The Army center between the ARSPOC and the ARROC with C2 responsibilities for BMD.

Army Data Distribution System (ADDS) (EPLRS/NTDRS) (Weapon Systems 1999) Provide auto-mated, secure, near-real-time radio communications systems to tactical commanders and their staffs; provide data distribution capability between computers as well as position, location and navigation re-porting of their combat elements from platoon to brigade. Utilizes the enhanced position location reporting system (EPLRS) and near-term digital radio system (NTDRS).

Army Data Distribution System (ADDS) (JTIDS/MIDS) (Weapon Systems 1999) The Link-16 [Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS/Multifunctional Information Distribution Sys-tem (MIDS) which will create the Army communications backbone from platoon to brigade for Force XXI. The Link 16 program supports the Armys Theater Air and Missile Defense Engagement Opera-tions by providing an interoperable joint and allied Link 16 tactical digital data link with air, ground, surface, and subsurface platforms.

Army Forces (ARFOR) (Army) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The Army forces headquarters and or forces provided by the Army service component to the joint force commander for the conduct of joint operations. (See also land component commander (LCC) and joint force land component commander (JFLACC).) See FMs 71-100, 100-5, 100-15, and JP 3-0.

Army Space Command (ARSPACE) (USARSPACE Website; http://www.armyspace.army.mil) Army Space Command, the Army Component to US Space Command, commands and controls Army space forces in order to provide existing and emerging space capabilities that enable the NCA, U.S. forces and our allies to deliver decisive combat power. USARSPACE is a major subordinate command of US Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC). USASMDC is a Major Command operating under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA).

Army Space Operations Center (ARSPOC) (BMDO Glossary) The Army Space Command Center responsible for logistically/administratively controlling assigned SDS elements and which shall also include the capability to assure the BMD mission should the USCINCSPACE CCC be lost.


20

Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS) (AR 350-50-3) Made up of the Battlefield Functional Area (BFA) systems: Fire support, Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data Systems (AFATDS), Intelligence, All Source Analysis System (ASAS), Logistics, Combat Service Support Command and Control Systems (CSSCS), Forward Area Air Defense for Command and Control, Communications (FAADC3I), and Combined Arms - Maneuver Control System (MCS). Once fully fielded, ATCCS will provide corps, division, brigade and maneuver battalion with fully automated C2.

Army Tactical Data Link 1 (ATDL) (JP 1-02) See tactical digital information link.

Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) (AR 310-25) A Department of the Army publi-cation providing guidance for training and evaluating units. It provides a list of tasks, ranked accord-ing to criticality, which must be accomplished by each element of the unit in order for it to accomplish its table(s) of organization and equipment mission. In addition to the tasks, it lists corresponding train-ing objectives, references, conditions for testing and standards which must be attained.

ARNG Army National Guard

ARROC Army regional operations center

ARSPACE Army Space Command

ARSPOC Army space operations center

ARTEP Army Training and Evaluation Program

ART-V aircraft recognition training-visual (slide kit)

arty artillery

ARU alignment reference unit (PAC-3); attitude reference unit

ASAT Automated System Approach to Training; anti-satellite

ASATS Automated Standard Army Training System

ASBM air-to-surface ballistic missile

ASCC Army Service Component Commander; Army Service Component Command

ASCM anti-ship cruise missile

ASGM air-to-surface guided missile

ASI azimuth speed indicator; additional skills identifier

ASIT Adaptable Surface Interface Terminal

ASL authorized stockage list (USA term); above sea level

aslt assault

ASM air-to-surface missile; aim smart munitions; anti-ship missile

ASMDC Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Huntsville, AL

ASOC air support operations center

ASP ammunition supply point; annual service practice; Army strategic plan

ASR ammunition supply rate

asst assist


21

Assured kill (BMDO Glossary) This option requires defense segments to employ tactics, which pro-duce the highest probability of kill consistent with the available number of defensive resources (inter-ceptors).

assy assembly

async asynchronous

AT annual training

ATACMS Army Tactical Missile System

ATBM anti-tactical ballistic missile

ATC air traffic control; asset threat category

ATCCS Army Tactical Command and Control System

ATDL Army tactical data link; Army Training Digital Library

ATE automatic test equipment

ATG antitank gun; antenna test group

ATGM antitank guided missile

ATLP Army Training Literature Program

ATM anti-tactical missile; air tasking message; asynchronous transfer mode

ATMD Army theater missile defense

ATO air tasking order

ATP acquisition tracking and pointing; allied tactical publication

ATPU advanced tactical power unit

Attack and Launch Early Reporting To Theater (ALERT) (BMDO Glossary) An upgrade to ground station mission processing which exploits inherent satellite capability to provide theater missile warning and cueing.

Attack operations (JP 3-01.5) Offensive actions intended to destroy and disrupt enemy theater missile (TM) capabilities before, during, and after launch. The objective of attack operations is to prevent the launch of TMs by attacking each element of the overall system, including such actions as destroying launch platforms, RSTA platforms, C2 nodes, and missile stocks and infrastructure.

Augmentation (AR 310-25) The reinforcement of unified or specified commands through the de-ployment or redeployment of forces assigned to other commands.

Augmentee Observer Controller/Trainer (AOC/AOT) (AR 350-50-3) A non-certified OC (NCO or Officer) tasked to augment BCTP during an exercise to provide expertise not available or to temporar-ily fill a personnel vacancy within BCTP to ensure comprehensive coverage of the exercise by all BOS and SMEs.

auto automatic

Automatic emplacement (AE) (FM 3-01.87) A Patriot system capability which utilizes the Precision Lightweight Global Positioning Receiver (PLGR), North Finding System (NFS), and GPS-North Ref-erence System Input/Output (GNIO) interface. Together these units automatically perform the operator alignment functions that generate location, azimuth roll and crossroll for the system.


22

Autonomous operation (JP 1-02) In air defense, the mode of operation assumed by a unit after it has lost all communications with higher echelons. The unit commander assumes full responsibility for control of weapons and engagement of hostile targets.

aux auxiliary

AV audiovisual

AVC armored vehicle crewman

Avenger (Weapon Systems 1999) Lightweight, highly mobile, and transportable surface-to-air mis-sile/gun weapon system mounted on a HMMWV. Fills the line of sight-rear (LOS-R) portion of the FAADS.

Avenues of approach (AA) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path. (See also intelligence prepara-tion of the battlefield (IPB).) See FMs 7-8, 7-20, 7-30, 34-130, 44-100 (FM 3-01), 71-123, and 100-5.

avn aviation

AVNG Avenger

AVT automatic video tracker; Avenger Video Tracker

AW automatic weapon; air warning

AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System

AWE Advanced Warfighting Experiment

az azimuth

Azimuth (AZ) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Quantities may be expressed in positive quantities increasing in a clockwise direction, or in X, Y coordinates where south and west are negative. They may be referenced to true north or magnetic north depending on the particular weapon system used. (Army) The horizontal angle, measured clockwise by degrees or mils between a reference direction and the line to an observed or designated point. There are three base (reference) directions or azi-muths: true, grid, and magnetic azimuth. (See also grid azimuth, magnetic azimuth, and true azimuth.) See FM 21-26.

Azimuth angle (JP 1-02) An angle measured clockwise in the horizontal plane between a reference direction and any other line.


23

B

B2C2 Brigade-and-Below Command and Control System (Army term)

BC2 Battlefield Command And Control

BM/C3I Battle Management/Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence

BM/C4I Battle Management/Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence

Back azimuth (AR 310-25) A reciprocal bearing. The reverse or backward, direction of an azimuth; that is, the azimuth plus or minus 180 degrees.

BAI battlefield air interdiction

Balanced fires See employment guidelines.

Ballistic Aerial Target System (BATS) (DA Pam 350-38) BATS is a low-cost target for short-range Air Defense systems. It may be flown at low and medium altitudes and at speeds from 275 to 550 knots (140 to 285 meters per second). It is troop operated and may be maintained with minimum train-ing. It is highly mobile and provides a reliable standby target for short-range Air Defense systems such as Avenger, BSFV, and Stinger-MANPADS. BATS is not suitable for gun systems nor air-to-air Stinger engagements.

Ballistic missile (BM) (JP 1-02) Any missile, which does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to pro-duce lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated.

Ballistic missile defense (BMD) (AR 310-25) All measures designed to nullify or reduce the effec-tiveness of an attack by ballistic missiles after they are launched. See also active ballistic missile de-fense; passive ballistic missile defense.

Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) (BMDO Glossary) An agency of the Department of Defense whose mission is to manage and direct the conduct of a research program examining the fea-sibility of eliminating the threat posed by ballistic missiles of all ranges and of increasing the contribu-tion of defensive systems to United States and Allied security. BMDO is the successor to Strategic De-fense Initiative Organization (SDIO). Chartered through DOD Directive 5134.9, June 1994.

Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) (JP 1-02) An electronic system for providing detection and early warning of attack by enemy inter-continental ballistic missiles.

Ballistics (JP 1-02) The science or art that deals with the motion, behavior, appearance, or modifica-tion of missiles or other vehicles acted upon by propellants, wind, gravity, temperature, or any other modifying substance, condition, or force.

Ballistic trajectory (JP 1-02) The trajectory traced after the propulsive force is terminated and the body is acted upon only by gravity and aerodynamic drag.

BAS battalion aid station; battlefield automation system

Base Defense Zone (BDZ) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems de-fending that base. Base defense zones have specific entry, exit, and identification, friend or foe proce-dures established. (See also air defense and base defense.) See FMs 44-100 and 100-15.


24

Basic load (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and which can be moved by, a unit or formation. It is expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels. (Army) The quantity of supplies and ammunition stored and carried under an organizations control that is determined by a higher headquarters on the basis of the mission and analysis of the threat. See FMs 6-20, 7-7, 7-20, 71-123, and 100-10.

BATI battalion tactical initialization

BATS Ballistic Aerial Target System

Battalion maintenance equipment (BMC) (FM 3-01.11) Semitrailer mounted shop van that contains the tools, test and handling equipment necessary to maintain the Patriot system. The HHB MC has been configured to function as a small repair parts transporter (SRPT).

Battalion tactical initialization (BATI) (FM 3-01.87) Provides the ICC weapons control computer (WCC) with data parameters necessary for C2 of battalion engagement operations. These parameters include (FIDOC) identification, assets and defended volumes, and patriot battery search sectors.

Battalion tactical operations center (BTOC/BNTOC) See tactical operations centers.

Battery (JP 1-02) 1. Tactical and administrative artillery unit or subunit corresponding to a company or similar unit in other branches of the Army. 2. All guns, torpedo tubes, searchlights, or missile launchers of the same size or caliber or used for the same purpose, either installed in one ship or oth-erwise operating as an entity.

Battery replaceable unit (BRU) See Line replaceable unit (LRU)

Battery maintenance group (BMG) (FM 3-01.11) Semi-trailer mounted shop van that contains the tools, test and handling equipment necessary to maintain the Patriot system.

Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) (AR 350-50-3) The capstone of the Army CTC pro-gram designed to provide tough, realistic, stressful, and high quality command and battle staff training for brigade, division, and corps commanders, their staffs, and major subordinate commanders. Serves as a source of data and lessons learned for the DTLOMS.

Battle damage assessment (BDA) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The timely and accurate esti-mate of damage resulting from the application of military force, either lethal or non-lethal, against a predetermined objective. Battle damage assessment can be applied to the employment of all types of weapon systems (air, ground, naval, and special forces weapon systems) throughout the range of mili-tary operations. It is primarily an intelligence responsibility with required inputs and coordination from the operators. It is composed of physical damage assessment, functional damage assessment, and target system assessment. See FMs 6-20-10, 34-1, 34-130, 71-100, and 100-15.

Battle damage assessment and repair (BDAR) (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Any expedient action that returns a damaged item or assembly to a mission-capable or limited mission-capable condition. Re-pairs are often temporary. (See also cannibalize.) See FMs 63-2 and 100-9.

Battle damage repair (BDR) (JP 1-02) Essential repair, which may be improvised, carried out rapidly in a battle environment in order to return damaged or disabled equipment to temporary service.

Battle drill (FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) Standardized actions made in response to common battlefield occurrences. They are designed for rapid reaction situations. See FMs 7-1, 7-8, 7-10, 7-15, and 17-98.

Battle Management/Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (BM/C4I) (FM 100-12 (FM 3-01.12)) The BM/C4I system links passive defense, active defense, and attack operations to provide timely assessment of threat, to include IPB; rapid dissemination of tactical warn-ing; and post-strike assessment to the appropriate TMD element. For each operational element, the


25

BM/C4I system must provide rapid communications among intelligence assets, and fusion and deci-sion-making facilities, warning systems, and weapons systems, to include a capability for rapid coor-dination with supporting combatant commanders.

Battlefield air interdiction (FM 3-01.11 (FM 44-100-2)) Air interdiction attacks against targets, which are in a position to have a near-term effect on friendly land forces.

Battlefield coordination detachment (BCD) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) An Army liaison provided by the Army component commander to the Air Operations Center (AOC) and/or to the com-ponent designated by the joint force commander to plan, coordinate, and de-conflict air operations. The battlefield coordination detachment processes Army requests for tactical air support, monitors and interprets the land battle situation for the AOC, and provides the necessary interface for exchange of current intelligence and operational data. See FMs 71-100, 100-13, and 100-15.

Battlefield Coordination Element (BCE) OBSOLETE. Refer to Battlefield coordination detach-ment (BCD).

Battlefield operating system (BOS) (AR 350-50-3) The major functions occurring on the battlefield and performed by the force to successfully execute operations. The seven systems are intelligence, maneuver, fire support, mobility/survivability, air defense, combat service support, and command and control.

Battlespace (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The environment, factors, and conditions which must be understood to successfully apply combat power, protect the force, or complete the mission. This in-cludes the air, land, sea, space, and the included enemy and friendly forces, facilities, weather, terrain, the electromagnetic spectrum, and the information environment within the operational areas and areas of interest. See also electromagnetic spectrum; information environment; joint intelligence preparation of the battlespace. (Army) The conceptual physical volume in which the commander seeks to dominate the enemy. It expands and contracts in relation to the commanders ability to acquire and engage the enemy, or can change as the commanders vision of the battlefield changes. It encompasses three dimensions and is influenced by the operational dimensions of time, tempo, depth, and synchro-nization. It is not assigned by a higher commander nor is it constrained by assigned boundaries. (See also battlefield framework.) See FMs 71-100, 100-5, and 100-15.

BC battery commander

BCAC battalion command and control

BCBL Battle Command Battle Laboratory, (USA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS)

BCC battery control central

BCD battlefield coordination detachment

BCE battlefield coordination element; Bradley control electronics

BCIS Battlefield Combat Identification System (USA term)

BCP battery command post (HAWK)

BCS battery computing system

BCU battery coolant unit

BCTP Battle Command Training Program (USA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS) (See Battle Command Training Program)

BDA battle damage assessment

BDAR battlefield damage assessment and repair


26

Bde brigade

BDHI bearing-distance-heading indicator

BDR battlefield damage report

BDU battery display unit

BDZ base defense zone

Beam width (JP 1-02) The angle between the directions, on either side of the axis, at which the inten-sity of the radio frequency field drops to one-half the value it has on the axis.

Bearing-distance-heading indicator (BDHI) See North Finding System

Beyond Visual Range Engagement (BVRE) (USAADASCH) The engagement of hostile aircraft by a SHORAD weapon system before the gunner or team chief can visually identify a target. Beyond vis-ual range engagements are permitted when:

The HTUs track is identified as hostile by an agency authorized identification authority IAW the Area Air Defense Plan (AADP) and Airspace Control Plan (ACP) and will comply with criteria for JDN track maintenance and continuity to ensure positive track identity IAW AADP and ACP.

Theater ROE authorizes engagement of hostile targets by SHORAD systems beyond visual range.

Correlation between JDN identified hostile tracks and the SHORAD systems acquired track can be positively correlated.

Friendly or unknown aircraft are not in the vicinity of the hostile aircraft.

The Stinger missile has direct, line-of-sight to the aircraft.

BFA battlefield functional area

BFV Bradley fighting vehicle

BICC battlefield information control center

BIM ballistic intercept missile

BIRD (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Friendly surface-to-air missile (SAM).

BIRD(S) AFFIRM (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) S/A informative indicating unit is able and prepared to engage a specified target with SAMs (presumes target is within or will enter the SAM engagement en-velope).

BIRD(S) AWAY (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Friendly SAM has been fired at designated target.

BIRD(S) NEGAT (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) S/A informative indicating unit is unable to engage a specified target with SAMs. Opposite of Bird(s) Affirm.

BIT built-in test

BITE built-in test equipment

BL basic load

BLIND (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) No visual contact with friendly aircraft/ground position. Opposite of VISUAL.

BLOS beyond line-of-sight

BM ballistic missile; battlefield management; battle management


27

BMC battery maintenance center; battle management center; battalion maintenance center

BMD ballistic missile defense

BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization; ballistic missile defense operations

BME battalion maintenance equipment

BMEWS Ballistic Missile Early Warning System

BMG battery maintenance group

BMO battalion maintenance officer

BMMO battalion motor maintenance officer

bn battalion

BN HQ battalion headquarters

BNSCC battalion system coordination center

BNTOC battalion tactical operations center

BOC battalion operations center (AD)

Boost phase (JP 1-02) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during which the booster and sustainer engines operate. See also midcourse phase; reentry phase; terminal phase.

BOS battlefield operating system

BP battle position

Boundary (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) A line which delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations or areas. (Army) 1. A control measure used to define the right, left, rear, and forward limits of an area of operations. 2. A control measure normally drawn along identifiable terrain features and used to deline-ate areas of tactical responsibility between adjacent units and between higher headquarters to the rear of subordinate units. Within their boundaries, units may maneuver within the overall plan without close coordination with neighboring units unless otherwise restricted. Direct fire may be placed across boundaries on clearly identified enemy targets without prior coordination, provided friendly forces are not endangered. Indirect fire also may be used after prior coordination. (See also airhead, airspace co-ordination area (ACA), area of operations (AO), and bridgehead.)

Bounding overwatch (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) (Army) A movement technique used when contact with enemy forces is expected. The unit moves by bounds. One element is always halted in position to overwatch another element while it moves. The overwatching element is positioned to sup-port the moving unit by fire or fire and movement. (See also movement technique and overwatch.) See FMs 7-8, 7-20, and 71-123.

Bradley Control Electronics (FM 3-01.11) The Bradley control electronics (BCE) is the main com-puter that monitors and controls all Stinger-related system functions. The primary function of the BCE is to interface between the Linebacker systems and the operator. Through this interface, the operator provides input to the BCE that controls the Stinger system. The BCE also monitors input from the sys-tem, including built-in-test (BIT) status. If a system failure is detected, the BCE will cause the system fault indictor on the SCB to illuminate and display an error message on the control display terminal (CDT).


28

Bradley fire support team (BFIST) vehicle (Weapon Systems 1999) Integrated Bradley-based fire support platform that enables company fire support teams and battalion/brigade fire support officers to plan, coordinate, execute, and direct timely, accurate, indirect fires.

Bradley Linebacker (Weapon Systems 1999) M6 Bradley Linebacker is a BFVS A2 ODS, modified by replacing the TOW launcher with a four-missile Stinger launcher. Provides the crew with the capa-bility of conducting ground-to-air engagement while remaining under armor protection. Also incorpo-rates the FAADC2 software on a handheld terminal unit (HTU). Integrates GPS and FAADC2 to pro-vide automated Slew-to-Cue function.

Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle (BSFV) (FM 3-01.11) The Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle (BSFV) consists of a Bradley Fighting Vehicle transporting a Stinger MANPADS team. The primary role of the BSFV is to protect forward area maneuver combat forces, combat support elements, and other critical assets from attack by hostile RW and FW aerial platforms operating at low altitudes. The BSFV can deliver effective fire against ground targets such as lightly armored vehicles and tanks us-ing the Bradley Fighting Vehicle turret weapons.

Broke Lock (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) Loss of radar/IR lock-on (advisory).

Brst burst

BRU battery replaceable unit. See LRU

BSA battery/brigade/battalion support area

BSCC battalion system coordination center

BSD battlefield situation display

BSE battalion supply and equipment

BSFV Bradley Stinger fighting vehicle

BSFV-E Bradley Stinger fighting vehicle-enhanced (Linebacker)

BSG beam steering group; beam steering generator

BSP beam steering processor

BTMS Battalion Training Management System

BTOC Battalion Tactical Operations Center

btry battery

BTU British Thermal Unit

Built in test equipment (BITE) (AR 310-25) Any device permanently mounted in the prime equip-ment and used for the express purpose of testing the prime equipment, either independently or in asso-ciation with external test equipment.

Burn-through range (BMDO Glossary) The distance at which a specific radar can discern targets through the external interference being received.

BVR beyond visual range

BVRE beyond visual range engagement

BVRID beyond visual range identification

BWFX brigade warfighter exercise


29

C

C2 Command And Control

C2I Command, Control, and Intelligence

C2V command and control vehicle (USA term)

C2W Command and Control Warfare

C3 Command, Control, and Communications

C3I Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence

C4 Command, Control, Communications, and Computers

C4I Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence

C4ISR C4, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

C-E Communication-Electronics

CR-UAV close range-unmanned aerial vehicle

CA combined arms; coordinating altitude; course acquisition

CAA combined arms Army

CAAS combined arms and support

CAC Combat Arms Command (USA, Ft Leavenworth, KS)

CAD computer aided design; continental air defense

CADCI common air defense communications interface

CADEWS Counter-Air Directed Energy Weapon System

CAFAD combined arms for air defense

CAI combined arms initiative; computer-aided instruction

cal caliber

CAL critical asset list

CALFEX combined arms live fire exercise

camouflage (cam) (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1 (FM 6-99.1)) The use of natural or artificial material on per-sonnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy. (See also concealment, cover, deception, and surveillance.) See FM 90-2.

cannibalize (JP 1-02/FM 101-5-1) To remove serviceable parts from one item of equipment in order to install them on another item of equipment. (Army) The authorized removal of parts or compo-nents from economically unrepairable or disposable items or assemblies and making them available for reuse. (See also battle damage assessment and repair (BDAR).) See FMs 63-2, 63-2-1, 63-6, 63-20, 63-21, and 71-123.


30

CAO counterair operations

CAP combat air patrol; crisis action planning

Captive flight trainer (CFT)

(FM 3-01.11) The Stinger Captive Flight Trainer is a Stinger missile guidance assembly in a launch tube. The CFT provides operator training in target acquisition, tracking, engagement, load-ing and unloading at the service school and sustainment training on these tasks in the unit.

(DA Pam 350-38) Avenger captive flight trainer (CFT). The CFT is a missile simulator used to train operator tracking and engagement skills. The CFT is used in conjunction with RCMATs to train engagement procedures with live targets. The CFT consists of a Stinger-RMP missile guid-ance assembly, a ballasted launch tube and a container. The seeker and audio interface is the same as for the tactical missile, with electrical power and coolant provided by normal launcher sources.

CARM counter-arm (anti-radiation missile)(Patriot)

CAS close air support

CATS Combined Arms Training Strategy

CBS Corps Battle System

CBT computer based training

cbt combat

CBU cluster bomb unit

CCA circuit card assembly

CCIR commanders critical information requirements

CCM counter-countermeasures

CD concept definition; contingency deployment; combat development

CDI classification, discrimination, identification

CDR commander

CDS compact digital switch

CDT control display terminal; computer display terminal

CDU computer display unit

CE communication enhancement (Patriot); communication-electronics; command element; common environment

Cease (FM 90-38 (FM 3-97.18)) In air defense, break the ENGAGEMENT on the target specified. Missiles in flight will continue to intercept.

Cease engagement (JP 1-02/FM 1

Air Defense Artillery Glossary

Documents

Transcript of Air Defense Artillery Glossary