Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous...
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Transcript of Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous...
![Page 1: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aim: What are acids and bases?
![Page 2: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acids1. Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous
solutions.2. Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to produce
H2(g).3. Acids cause color changes in acid-base indicators:
Blue litmus paper turns red in an acidPhenolphthalein is colorless in an acid
4. Acids have a sour tasteTable K has a list of Common Acids
![Page 3: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bases
1. Bases can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions
2. Bases cause color changes in acid-base indicators:Red litmus paper turns blue in a basePhenolphthalein is pink in a base
3. Bases feel slippery and taste bitter.Table L has a list of Common Bases
![Page 4: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Arrhenius Acid
•An Arrhenius acid gives off H+ (hydrogen ions) in aqueous solutions.•Ex: HCl, HBr, H2SO4
•The H+ attach to H2O to form H3O+ (hydronium ion).•HCl + H2O H+ + Cl- + H2O Cl- + H3O+
![Page 5: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Arrhenius Base
•An Arrhenius base has OH and give off OH- (hydroxide ions) in an aqueous solution.•Ex: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2
•NaOH Na+ + OH-
•Group 1 metals react with water to produce bases.•2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq) +H2(g)
![Page 6: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Question
Which substance can be classified as an Arrhenius acid?1. HCl2. NaCl3. LiOH4. KOH
![Page 7: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Question
Which substance can be classified as an Arrhenius base?1. HCl2. NaOH3. LiNO3
4. KHCO3
![Page 8: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Question
According to the Arrheneius theory, a substance that is classified as an acid will always yield1. H+(aq)2. NH+
4(aq)3. OH-(aq)4. CO3
2-(aq)
![Page 9: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
•An acid is an H+ donor(proton donor).•A base is an H+ acceptor (proton acceptor)
HCl(g) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
HCl is an acid because it donates an H+ to the H2O.
Donates H+
ACID
BASE
Accepts H+
![Page 10: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
NH3 is a base because it accepts an H+ from the H2O.
Accepts H+
Donates H+
ACID
BASE
![Page 11: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
•Water can either be a proton donor (acid) or a proton acceptor (base); water is amphoteric.
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Question
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a chloride ion (Cl-), acts as a base when it combines with1. An OH- ion2. A K+ ion3. An H- ion4. An H+ ion
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Question
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is1. A proton donor, only2. A proton acceptor, only3. A proton donor and a proton acceptor4. Neither a proton donor nor a proton acceptor
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Conjugate acids and bases
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
BASE ACID CONJUGATE CONJUGATEACID BASE
A conjugate base is what is remained after the acid gives up H+.A conjugate acid is what is formed when a base accepts a proton.
![Page 15: Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082517/56649e955503460f94b99914/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Question
In the reactionH2PO4
- + H2O H3PO4 + OH-
which pair represents an acid and its conjugate base?1. H2O and H2PO4
-
2. H2O and H3PO4
3. H3PO4 and OH-
4. H3PO4 and H2PO4-
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Question
Given the reaction at equilibriumHSO4
- + H2O H3O+ + SO42-
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, the two bases are1. H2O and H3O+
2. H2O and SO42-
3. H3O+ and H2SO4-
4. H3O+ and SO42-