AHRI Low Global Warming Potential Alternative … David...ASHRAE Standard 30 AHRI Standard 550/590...

AHRI Low Global Warming Potential

Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program

David CalabreseDavid Calabrese

General Counsel & Senior Vice President, Policy

Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute

1

Refrigerants Are Vital

• Used in Air-conditioning,

Vital for personal health, comfort, and well-being

• Used in Refrigeration

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working

Paper Series

Adapting to Climate Change: The • Used in Refrigeration

Prolong life of perishable food

Keep life-saving medicines safe

• Improve

Health, productivity, and safety

• Save

Lives

Adapting to Climate Change: The

Remarkable Decline in the

U.S. Temperature-Mortality Relationship

Over the 20th Century

Alan Barreca

Karen Clay Olivier

Deschenes Michael

Greenstone Joseph

S. Shapiro

Working Paper 12-29

December 20, 2012

Room E52-251

50 Memorial Drive

Cambridge, MA 02142

This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Paper Collection at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2192245

Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2192245

Things to think about:

• Maintaining refrigerant choice

• Evaluating refrigerant characteristics for informed choicesinformed choices

• Making transition predictable, smooth, and informed

• Educating policy makers and training technicians

New Reality

CFCs HCFCs HFCs ??

New “ReplacementRefs”

New LGWP Refs“For OEM Use”

R-410ALike

Capacity

400-675 R32

R410A

Today’s RefsPressureOr

DP: DR5HWL: L41

R407A

CO2

R404A

A1 – Non FlammableA2L – Mildly Flammable

A3 – FlammableB2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.

Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape

ARK: ARM 70

R404A &R407/22

Like

R134aLike

GWP Level

< 1500

~600

150 -300

DP: DR7HWL: L40, L20

HFO 1234yfHFO 1234ze

R407CR22

0 500 1000 1500 2000

DP: DR33HWL: N20, N40

DP: XP10HWL: N13

R134a

R407A R404A

DP: DR2; HWL: N12

R290

NH3

Qualitative Chart –Not To Scale

ARK: ARM 30

ARK: ARM 32

R407F

R123-Like(V.Low Pr.)

(3922)

Used with permission from Rajan Rajendran, Emerson Climate Technologies

Choosing a Refrigerant

• Refrigerants have unique operating characteristics –Choice not based on one factor, but an analysis of factors:

Safe

Energy efficient

Widely availableWidely available

Economical

GWP

• Operating factors can be different:

Pressures

Incompatible lubricants

Incompatible metals and alloys

Flammability levels

• Needs will be different for each application

Avoiding Unintended Consequences

Used with permission from Rajan Rajendran, Emerson Climate Technologies

Low-GWP AREP Introduction

• Cooperative research program to identify suitable alternatives to high GWP refrigerants

• Industry needs:Address research needs

accelerate industry’s response to environmental challenges

8

accelerate industry’s response to environmental challenges

avoid duplicative work

• Program NOT designed to prioritize refrigerants• Objective testing and results

• Began in March 2011; Final reports expected late 2013

• Industry provided candidate list of low-GWP refrigerants; several selected

• Test PlansTesting entities propose test plans according to their individual interest

Testing entities report test results to AHRI Low-GWP AREP Technical Committee

Baseline Refrigerants: R134a; R404A; R410A; R22

Identified Alternative Refrigerant Candidates

Baseline Refrigerant Composition (Mass%) Classification GWP100

AC5X R-32/R-134a/R-1234ze(E) (7/40/53) A1* 622

ARM-41a R-32/R-134a/R-1234yf (6/63/31) A1* 943

D-4Y R-134a/R-1234yf (40/60) A1* 574

N13a R-134a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (42/18/40) A1* 604

9

R-134a

N13a R-134a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (42/18/40) A1* 604

N13b R-134a/R-1234ze(E) (42/58) A1* 604

XP-10 R-134a/R-1234yf (44/56) A1* 631

AC5 R-32/R-152a/R-1234ze(E) (12/5/83) A2L* 92

ARM-42a R-134a/R-152a/R-1234yf (7/11/82) A2L* 117

R1234yf R1234yf 100 A2L 4

R1234ze R1234ze 100 A2L 6

R600a R600a 100 A3 <20

R290/R600a R290/R600a (40/60) A3* <20

*estimated safety group rating, a safety group has not yet been assigned by ASHRAE in accordance with requirements of

ASHRAE Standard 34-2010.



ARM-32a R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (25/30/25/20) A1* 1577

DR-33 R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (24/25/26/25) A1* 1410

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R404A

N40a R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (25/25/21/9/20) A1* 1346

N40b R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (25/25/20/30) A1* 1331

R744 R-744 100 A1 1

ARM-30a R-32/R-1234yf (29/71) A2L* 199

ARM-31a R-32/R-134a/R-1234yf (28/21/51) A2L* 491

D2Y65 R-32/R-1234yf (35/65) A2L* 239

DR-7 R-32/R-1234yf (36/64) A2L* 246

L40 R-32/R-152a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (40/10/20/30) A2L* 285

R-32 R-32 100 A2L 675

R-32/R-134a R-32/R-134a (50/50) A2L* 1053

R290 R-290 100 A3 <20





R-744 R-744 100 A1 1

ARM-70a R-32/R-134a/R-1234yf (50/10/40) A2L* 482

D2Y60 R-32/R-1234yf (40/60) A2L* 272

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R410A

D2Y60 R-32/R-1234yf (40/60) A2L* 272

DR-5 R-32/R-1234yf (72.5/27.5) A2L* 490

HPR1D R-32/R-744/R-1234ze(E) (60/6/34) A2L* 407

L41a R-32/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (73/15/12) A2L* 494

L41b R-32/R-1234ze(E) (73/27) A2L* 494

R32 R32 100 A2L 675

R32/R134a R-32/R-134a (95/5) A2L* 713

R32/R152a R-32/R-152a (95/5) A2L* 647*estimated safety group rating, a safety group has not yet been assigned by ASHRAE in accordance with requirements of




ARM-32a R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (25/30/25/20) A1* 1577

LTR4X R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234ze(E) (28/25/16/31) A1* 1295

R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf/R- (12.5/12.5/31.5

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R22

N20

R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf/R-

1234ze(E)

(12.5/12.5/31.5

/13.5/30) A1* 975

D52Y R-32/R-125/R-1234yf (15/25/60) A2L* 979

L20 R-32/R-152a/R-1234ze(E) (45/20/35) A2L* 331

LTR6A R-32/R-744/R-1234ze(E) (30/7/63) A2L* 206

R290 R290 100 A3 <20

R1270 R1270 100 A3 <20

R717 R717 100 B2L <1



Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerant Candidates

1600

1800

R-134a

(GWP=1430)

replacements

R-404A

(GWP=3900)

replacements

R-410A

(GWP=2100)

replacements

R-22

(GWP=1810)

replacements

13

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

GW

P1

00

Va

lue

Alternative Refrigerant Candidates

A1

A2L

A3

B2L

Overview of Testing

• Tests conducted by:

• 16 U.S.-based orgs.

• 5 international orgs.

• Testing applications:

Air-conditioners and heat

pumps (air-source, water-

source, VRF, unitary, mini-

• Refrigerants:

• Supplied by 6 refrigerant

producers

• 38 refrigerant candidates

14

source, VRF, unitary, mini-

split)

Chillers (screw, centrifugal)

Heat pump water heater

Refrigeration (commercial

refrigerator, ice machine)

Transport refrigeration

Bus air-conditioning

Tests being Conducted

• Compressor calorimeter test

• System drop-in test only minor modifications are allowed

15

• System “soft-optimization” test systems are modified for the alternative refrigerants

using standard production line components

Test Types Number of candidates being

tested

Number of products being

tested

Compressor Calorimeter 28 35

Drop-in 27 30

Soft-optimization 18 19

Note: The numbers and product types in the table are based on approved test plans submitted by testing entities. The actual numbers from testing may vary due to testing entities’ schedule changes.

Testing Methods and Conditions

Equipment type Method of Testing Performance Rating

• Testing entities follow industry-wide accepted standards

to conduct tests

16

Compressor ASHRAE Standard 23 AHRI Standard 540

Unitary Air-Conditioners and Heat

Pumps ASHRAE Standard 37 AHRI Standard 210/240

Water Source Heat Pumps ISO Standard 13256 ISO Standard 13256

Chillers (centrifugal, rotary screw,

and reciprocating)ASHRAE Standard 30 AHRI Standard 550/590

Ice Makers ASHRAE Standard 29 AHRI Standard 810

Commercial Refrigerators ASHRAE Standard 72 AHRI Standard 1200/1201

Ductless VRF AHRI Standard 1230 AHRI Standard 1230

Current Status

• Testing is in progress:

Total Requested

Samples for Testing

In Testing Tested Not

started#

17

• Test reports

* available on

AHRI Website

Samples for Testing started#

105 8 75 22

Submitted

Reports

Approved Available to

the Public

37 22 15*

AHRI Low-GWP AREP Outlook

• Test reports are available on AHRI’s website

http://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspx

18

+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspx

• AHRI will host public event to announce results:• January 16, 2014 in New York City.• Test entities to present their test results to the public.• More details on this event will be made available soon.

• AHRI considering a second testing round• Would cover gaps in the current testing,

• i.e. Testing for high ambient conditions.

Acknowledgments

U.S. Testing Entities:

– Carrier Corporation

– Climate Master

– Emerson Climate Technologies

– Hussmann (share results)

– Johnson Controls, Inc.

– Lennox Industries Inc.

– Oak Ridge National Laboratory

– Tecumseh Company Co.

– Thermo King / Ingersoll Rand

19

International Testing Entities

Refrigerant Suppliers

– Emerson Climate Technologies

– Follett Corporation

– Goodman Manufacturing

– Lennox Industries Inc.

– Manitowoc Ice, Inc.

– McQuay International

– Thermo King / Ingersoll Rand

– Trane/ Ingersoll Rand

– University of Maryland

– ARMINES-MINES ParisTech

– Daikin Industries Ltd

– Embraco Brazil

– Embraco Slovakia Sro

– GD Midea Air-conditioning Equipment Co.,Ltd

– Shanghai Hitachi Electrical Appliances CO.,LTD

– Arkema, Inc.

– Daikin Industries Ltd

– E.I.du Pont de Nemours&Co

– Honeywell International, Inc

– Mexichem Fluor, Inc

– National Refrigerants, Inc

Test Results-Residential Heat Pump

[Data sources:

AHRI Low-GWP AREP

Reports 003, 004, and

005, 2012]

5-ton, R-32/R-

152a (95/5),

Drop-in, A

Condition5-ton, R-32/R-4%

6%

8%

Residential Heat Pump-Cooling Mode

20

R-32, 3.5-ton

Drop-in, A

condition

R-32, 3.5-ton

Drop-in, B

condition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-

optimized, A

condition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-

optimized, B

condition

Condition5-ton, R-32/R-

152a (95/5),

Drop-in, B

Condition

-8%

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

CO

P R

ela

tiv

e t

o R

-41

0A

Capacity Relative to R-410A


5-ton, R-32/R-

152a (95/5),

Drop-in, H1

Condition

5-ton, R-32/R-

152a (95/5),

Drop-in, H3

Condition8%

9%

10%

Residential Heat Pump-Heating Mode[Data sources:

AHRI Low-GWP AREP


005, 2012]

21

R-32, 3.5-ton

Drop-in, H1

condition

R-32, 3.5-ton

Drop-in, H3

condition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-

optimized, H1

condition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-

optimized, H3

condition

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

-2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

CO

P R

ela

tiv

e t

o R

-41

0A

Capacity Relative to R-410A


R-32, 3-ton Soft-

5-ton, R-32/R-

152a (95/5),

Drop-in

8%

9%

10%

HS

PF

Re

lati

ve

to

R-4

10

A

Residential Heat Pump-Seasonal Performance

[Data sources:

AHRI Low-GWP AREP


005, 2012]

22

R-32, 3.5-ton

Drop-in

R-32, 3-ton Soft-

optimized

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

-2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

HS

PF

Re

lati

ve

to

R

SEER Relative to R-410A

Test Results-Chiller

5%

10%

15%

20%

13

4a

230-ton Water-cooled Screw Chiller (R-134a)

Capacity

COP

T_chilled water, outlet=44 °F

T_cooling water, inlet=85 °F

mfr_chilled water=550 gpm

mfr_cooling water=700 gpm

23[Data source: AHRI Low-GWP AREP Report 007, 2012]

-30%

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

ARM-42a N-13a N-13b R-1234ze(E) XP-10

Re

lati

ve

Pe

rfo

rma

ce t

o R

-13

4a

mfr_cooling water=700 gpm


10%

15%

20%

41

0A

5-ton Air-cooled Chiller (R-410A)

Capacity

EER

T_ambient=95 °F

T_water, outlet=45 °F

mfr_water=14 gpm


-30%

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

ARM-32aARM-70a DR-5 HPR1D L-41a L-41b R-32

Re

lati

ve

Pe

rfo

rma

ce t

o R

-41

0A

mfr_water=14 gpm


5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

Re

lati

ve

Pe

rfo

rma

ce t

o R

-22

5-ton Air-cooled Chiller (R-22)

Capacity EER T_ambient=95 °F

T_water, outlet=45 °F

mfr_water=14 gpm


-25.0%

-20.0%

-15.0%

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

ARM-32a DR-7 L-20 LTR4X LTR6A D52Y

Re

lati

ve

Pe

rfo

rma

ce t

o R

Thank you for your attention!

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AHRI Low Global Warming Potential Alternative … David...ASHRAE Standard 30 AHRI Standard 550/590...

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