AHRI Low Global Warming Potential Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program

Welcome to the Conference

Orlando, FLJanuary 21, 2016

2

Conference Overview

Air-Conditioning

& Heat Pump-Session I

Compressor-Session II

Compressor-Session I

Air-Conditioning

& Heat Pump-Session II

Refrigeration Equipment &

Summary of High Ambient Tests

Air-Conditioning

& Heat Pump-Session III

break break break breaklunch

Please return the completed survey form before leaving the conference

Housekeeping announcement:– Wireless access: connect only one device/person

– Seating

Low-GWP AREP Overview

Cooperative research & testing program to identify suitable alternatives to high GWP refrigerants

Evaluation of candidates strongly desired by OEMs

The program is NOT to prioritize refrigerants, rather test and present objective results in a consistent manner

Solicited the industry for a list of low-GWP refrigerant candidates

Solicited organizations for test plans

– Testing companies propose test plans according to their individual interest

– Testing companies directly report test results to AHRI Low-GWP AREP Technical Committee

Low-GWP AREP Overview

Final reports available to the public

– AHRI web site: Home page > Resources > Research

– http://www.ahrinet.org/research.aspx

Phase I was completed at the end of 2013.

– 38 refrigerants were evaluated in Phase I.

– AHRI published 40 test reports.

Low-GWP AREP Overview

Phase II testing started in 2014

– 29 new refrigerants were proposed, and 17 were tested.

– include high ambient testing up to 125°F (52°C)

– Equipment covered :

• Compressors (8 test companies)

• Air-conditioning products including AC&HP, RTU, Chillers (13 test entities)

• Refrigeration products (5 test companies)

Low-GWP AREP Overview

Phase II completion status

27 reports have been published and 7 more will be available soon.

– Compressor calorimeter test (12 reports)

– System drop-in test (16 reports)

• only minor modifications are allowed

– System “soft-optimization” test (6 reports)

• systems are modified for the alternative refrigerants using standard production line components

Tested Low-GWP Refrigerants in Phase II

Baseline Low-GWP Refrigerants Composition (Mass%) Classification GWP*

R-404A

ARM-35 R-32/R-125/R-1234yf 12.5/61/26.5 A1 2220

DR-34 (R-452A) R-32/R-125/R-1234yf 11/59/30 A1 2140

N-40c (R-448A) R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze 26/26/21/20/7 A1 1387

ARM-20a R-32/R-1234yf/R-152a 18/70/12 A2L 139

HDR110 R-32/R-1234yf/R-744 21.5/75.5/3 A2L 148

R-410A

ARM-71a R-32/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) 68/26/6 A2L 460

DR-5A (R-454B) R-32/R-1234yf 68.9/31.1 A2L 466

DR-55 R-32/R-125/R-1234yf 67/7/26 A2L 698

HPR2A R-32/134a/1234ze(E) 76/6/18 A2L 600

L-41-1 (R-446A) R-32/R-1234ze/R-600 68/29/3 A2L 461

L-41-2 (R-447A) R-32/R-1234ze/R-125 68/28.5/3.5 A2L 583

R22/R-407C

DR-93 R-32/R-125/R-1234yf/R-134a 20/20/31/29 A1 1251

N-20b R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf 13/13/31/43 A1 988

R-449B R-32/R-125/R-1234yf/R-134a 25.2/24.3/23.2/27.3 A1 1412

ARM-20b R-32/R-1234yf/R-152a 35/55/10 A2L 251

DR-3 R-32/R-1234yf 21.5/78.5 A2L 148

L-20a (R-444B) R-32/R-1234ze/R-152a 41.5/48.5/10 A2L 295

*GWP value is calculated based on IPCC AR-4 100 year.

Compressor Test

All compressor tests are performed at a refrigerant’s dew point temperature.

When refrigerants exhibit temperature glide, actual systems operate closer to the mid-point condition.

When comparing compressor performance of one refrigerant with glide to another refrigerant without glide, or comparing two refrigerants with significantly different glides:– Comparison at pressures corresponding to the mid-point of the

temperature glide rather than the dew point will yield results that are more representative of actual operation in a system.

– Recommend evaluating with a system simulation model using compressor test data.

Drop-in Tests

Conducted with the alternative refrigerants placed in representative existing systems, with only minor modifications, if any, made to the equipment.

Tested at AHRI Standard Rating Conditions for the equipment type. Optionally, additional tests may be conducted at high ambient temperature conditions.

Alternative candidate refrigerant results compared to test with baseline refrigerant.

Modifications include:– Adjustment of refrigerant charge quantity

– Adjustment of expansion device (if adjustable)

– Adjustment of compressor speed (if adjustable)

Drop-in Tests

When comparing drop-in test results, carefully review whether charge quantity, expansion device, and/or compressor speed were adjusted.

Results may vary significantly based on the criteria used to make adjustments.

– Charge optimization may target maximum capacity, or maximum efficiency (either full load or part load seasonal value), or neither (such as matching a target subcooling value).

– Compressor speed adjustment accommodates differences in volumetric capacity of each refrigerant.

Soft-Optimization Tests

Systems modified for alternative refrigerant using standard production-line components– Compressor displacement, motor size, speed adjustment

– Piping, tubing, accumulator sizes

– Flow control, expansion device

– Heat exchanger circuiting

– Heat exchanger size, provided that total area of condenser plus evaporator remains the same

– Refrigerant charge quantity

– Lubricant type, viscosity, quantity

Not product development. Creating fully optimized systems is work for individual companies, and is not a part of the program.

Comparison of Cycle Calculations

Simplest comparison is an ideal vapor compression cycle, but not always a good prediction of real systems.– AREP Participant’s Handbook, Appendices B & C

– Different operating conditions will show different relative results

In addition to the basic thermodynamic cycle, heat transfer and pressure drop effects can be estimated using transport properties in system simulation models of varying complexity. Provides a better estimate of relative results, but still essentially a drop-in type of evaluation.

Next level of sophistication is simulation of soft-optimization types of design changes.

Be aware of the comparison type when reviewing claims!

Closing Session

Acknowledgments

Testing Entities in Phase I and II:

Refrigerant Suppliers

AREP Technical Committee

– ARMINES-MINES ParisTech

– BITZER

– Bristol Compressor International Inc.

– Carrier Corporation

– Carlyle Compressor

– Climate Master

– Daikin Applied Americas, Inc.

– Daikin Industries Ltd

– Danfoss

– Embraco Brazil

– Embraco Slovakia Sro

– Emerson Climate Technologies

– Friedrich Air Conditioning Company, LTD.

– Goodman Manufacturing

– Hillphoenix

– Hussmann

– Johnson Controls, Inc.

– Kold- Draft International, LLC

– Lennox Industries Inc.

– LG Electronics

– Manitowoc Ice, Inc.

– Oak Ridge National Laboratory

– Shanghai Hitachi Electrical Appliances CO.,LTD

– Tecumseh Company Co.

– Thermo King / Ingersoll Rand

– Trane/ Ingersoll Rand

– University of Maryland

– WaterFurnace International Inc

– Zamil Air Conditioners

– Arkema, Inc.

– ComStar Intermational Inc

– Daikin Industries Ltd

– Chemours Co.

– Honeywell International, Inc

– Mexichem Fluor, Inc

– National Refrigerants, Inc

Next Steps

Key issues to move forward with Low GWP refrigerants:

– Dealing with temperature glide

– Heat transfer and transport properties for new refrigerants

– Material compatibility

– Safe use of A2L flammable refrigerants

AHRI Flammable Refrigerants Subcommittee (FRS)

– determine gaps in existing flammable refrigerant research.

– facilitate key research.

– produce publicly available and technically sound references to support code and standard activities related to the use of flammable refrigerants.

Next Steps

Need broader industry recommendations for the next step.

Please respond to the survey.

Thank you!