AHMEDABAD

STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION

GEOGRAPHY

HISTROY

TOURISM AND HERITAGE

URBAN GROWTH &LAND USE

POLITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

DEMOGRAPHIC & ECONOMIC PROFILE

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

DEVELOPMENTAL PROJECTS

SWOT ANALYSIS

CONCLUSION

AHMEDABAD

•The city founded by Sultan Ahmad Shah in 1411 AD, lies on the banks of the Sabarmati river•The historic city of Ahmedabad is amongst the major metropolitan cities in India. It's a city where history gently rubs its shoulders with modernity. •The city is the administrative headquarter of Ahmedabad district and is the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court is located here. With a population of more than 5.8 million and an extended population of 6.3 million, it is the fifth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. With the increasing opportunities for trade and commerce and as a center for higher education, this heavy growth continues.

Ahmedabad :at a glance :-

•Year of Establishment: 1411 A.D.•Commencement of the municipal works by ‘Town wall fund committee’: 1834.•Establishment of Municipality-1858.•Establishment of Municipal Corporation - 1950.

•Area of the city: 464.16 sq. km.

• Literacy Rate 73.38%, 78.34 %( Male), 67.72 %( Female)

•Religion (in %) 84.6 (Hindu), 2.9 (Jain), 11.4 (Muslim), 0.7 (Christian)

•Official Language-Gujarati, Hindi.

•Languages spoken Gujarati, Hindi, English

The city is situated on the western side of India. The city is located in a sandy and dry area. Except for the small hills of Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra, the entire city is almost flat. Since, Ahmedabad lies on the western side in the state of Gujarat, which is basically a desert area; it experiences extreme type of climate.

GEOGRAPHY

The Sabarmati bifurcates the city into eastern and western parts, connected by nine bridges, two of which were constructed after independence. Though the river is perennial, it gets dried up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water flowing.

There are 2 main lakes located in the city limits – the Kankaria lake, and the Vastapur lake.

Kankaria lake, located in Maninagar, is an artificial lake developed by Qutb-ud-din Aybak in 1451.

•Latitude - 22º 58 N•Longitude - 72º 35EN•Altitude - 49 Mts. above MSL•Average annual rainfall-750mm (July to September)•Climate: Summer – 24ºc- 39ºc (May exceed 42ºc or above.)•Winter - 10°c – 24°c (It may dip to 5ºc)

http://www.ahmedabadonline.in

Parimal Garden in Ellis bridge area of Ahmedabad

Sabarmati river front

Ahmedabad became capital of the newly formed Gujarat State in the year1960 but a new capital was established at Gandhinagar in 1970 which is 32km away from Ahmedabad.

The District is surrounded on the north by Mehsana and Gandhinagar district, on the South by Gulf of Cambay and Bhavnagar district, on the East by Kheda district and on the West by Surendranagar district.

Distances•New Delhi - 1025 Km.•Mumbai - 545 Km.•Vadodara - 110 Km.•Surat - 280 Km.•Rajkot - 225 Km.•Bhuj - 395 Km.

Ahmedabad being one of the most important cities of India is well connected by air, rail and road.

By Road

Ahmedabad has a good network of roads also. National highways connect cities like Vadodara, Rajkot, Jamnagar and Mumbai. The Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) runs express and luxury deluxe buses to the neighboring towns and cities. One can reach the city by taxi from nearby cities.

CONNECTIVITY

By Air

The Ahmedabad Airport is just 10 kms from downtown Ashram Road area. It functions for both domestic and international purpose. Domestic flights on Air India, Indian Airlines, Jet Airways and Gujarat Airways are available for Delhi,Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune, Jaipur and several other destinations inside the country.

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Reference: http://www.ahmedabadonline.in

By Rail

Ahmedabad has a well maintained railway network connected to important destinations of the country. Ahmedabad railway station is the largest railway station in the state of Gujarat. Various express and super fast trains are available between Ahmedabad and important cities of the country.

The history of Ahmedabad stretches as far back as in the 11th century and linking it selfwith old towns of Ashaval and Karnavati about 1000 years ago. In the year 1411 AD,Sultan Ahmed Shah built citadel and encouraged development of trade and commerce.In 1456 AD, an enclosing wall was constructed defining a periphery to the city-limits.The city within this wall got structured into wards, organized by 12 main roads eachterminating at a gate in the wall.

In 1487, Mahmud Begada, the grandson of Ahmed Shah, fortified the city with an outer wall 10 km (6.2 mi) in circumference and consisting of twelve gates, 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements.

HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF AHMEDABAD

EVOLUTION OF THE CITY

With the coming of the railway around 1860, development began to spill over (beyondthe city-limits) towards the northeast and southeast of the walled city. The first textilemill was started in 1861 here by Ranchhodlal Chhotalal. This also resulted in theindustrial and residential development across the western side of Sabarmati River.

Construction of 5 bridges – Ellis Bridge, Gandhi Bridge, Sardar Patel Bridge, the NehruBridge and the Subhash Bridge accelerated this development. But by and large theindustrial development has remained concentrated on the eastern side and the walledcity has continued to grow in density due to incorporation of fringe areas into the citylimits.

The city municipality was given the status of Municipal Corporation in 1950 when the city started growing rapidly eastwards and southwards. In the later part of the century, the western part has developed rapidly. The city is governed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), established in July 1950.

The heritage resources in Ahmedabad can be looked at following three distinct levels:

a. The entirety of the walled city: ASI has a total of 52 Indo-Islamic monuments underprotection. In addition, there are many Hindu and Jain temples, the Gaekwad’sHaveli enclave of Maratha period and several other institutional buildings andbungalows of the Colonial period. At the moment, these structures are in a state ofdisrepair except for the few Jain temples taken care of by the Jain community. TheCity Wall and its Gates are equally in dilapidated condition.

b. The pols which comprise it: The grouping of houses into pols is typical of Gujaratand especially of Ahmedabad. Destruction and de-structuring caused by new buildings, the invasion of business and traffic point to a worrisome future for the pols.

c. The individual houses: The houses of Ahmedabad were traditionally built of carvedwood and brickwork characterized by low, single family units, of which only some10,000 survive now. The gradual progression of the model gave way to thetransplantation of forms, which were totally foreign to local traditions. The apartmentbuildings are of a mediocre quality heralding a decline in the know-how andtechnique.

HERITAGE

Realizing the acute need for a holistic approach to the conservation and preservation of thisvaluable heritage resource, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) with assistance fromCRUTA Foundation set up a heritage cell in 1996. Its main objectives are to create basicawareness amongst the citizens, promote traditional built forms, support participatory action programmes and to co-ordinate efforts of different disciplines, stakeholders and authorities.It is an advisory board to AMC essentially assisting the Corporation in its capacity building.

ECONOMIC PROFILE

• Ahmedabad is an industrial base for sectors such as chemicals, textiles, drugs and pharmaceuticals and food processing industries

• Textile and Chemicals have been the major sectors of investment and employment in the district,since 1980

• Ahmedabad district accounts for 21.5% of factories and employs 18% of workers in the state. Over14% of the total investments in all stock exchanges in India and 60% of the total industrialproductivity is contributed by the district

• Several business conglomerates such as Adani Group, Reliance Industries, Nirma Group of Industries,Arvind Mills, Claris Life Sciences, Cadilla Pharmaceuticals, Shell, Vadilal Industries Ltd., Rasna, BoschRexroth (Germany) ,Stork and Rollepaal (Netherland) are present in the district

• Presence of Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA), the largest associationfor textile research and allied industries in India, has helped the district in becoming a thriving textilecentre

• Most of the medium and large scale industries are concentrated in talukas such as Ahmedabad city,Sanand, Viramgam, Daskroi and Dholka

Major Industries• There are around 422 medium and large scale industries based in

Ahmedabad district with total investment of INR 5,45,988 crore (US$ 1,33,167 million) providing employment around 79,904 people

• Some of the major medium and large scale players present in Ahmedabad are mentioned in Tables.

Small Scale Industries (SSI)

• The district has over 23,734 small scale industries generating over 95,591 jobs with total investment of INR 89,356.5 lakhs (US$ 21,794 million)

• Engineering, textiles, chemical, and paper and paper products are the major small scale industry sectors present in the district, with an investment to the tune of INR 68,220 lakhs (US$ 16,639 million)

Occupational structure

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Demographic indicators• Gujarat Population Census Data shows that it has Total Population of 6.03

Crore which is approximately 4.99% of total Indian Population. Literacy rate in Gujarat has seen upward trend and is 79.31% as per 2011 population census. Of that, male literacy stands at 87.23% while female literacy is at 70.73%.

Literacy Rate

MALE LIT-ERACY-87.23FEMALE LIT-ERACY-70.73

•Urban Population of the State is 42.6%, which used to be at 37.4% in 2001. Rural population in the state in 2011 fell to 57.4% from 62.6% in 2001.

Ahmedabad is the most populated District in the State, with 7.20 million people, up 11.94% from 2001, followed by Surat with 6.07 million people, up 10.07%, as per Gujarat’s Directorate of census operations.

Description 2011

Estimated Population 6.03 Crore

Actual Population 60,383,628

Population Growth(from 2001)

19.17%

Area km2 196,024

Density/km2 308

Density/mi2 798

Male 31,482,282

Description 2011

Female 28,901,346

Sex Ratio 918

Percentage of total Population 4.99%

Literacy 79.31

Male Literacy 87.23

Female Literacy 70.73

Total Literate 41,948,677

Male Literate 23,995,500

Female Literate 17,953,177

POPULATION DENSITY

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

URBAN GROWTH

1411 to 1900

Source: Desai Sowmya (2005), Urban Spatial Structures & Land management Mechanisms, UnpublMished M. Tech. Planning Dissertation, CEPT University, Ahmedabad.

1901 to 1930 1931 to 1950

1951 to 1960 1972 to 1996

PHASES OF THE GROWTH OF AHMEDABAD

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH

• Up to 1981 most of the new population added to the city was concentrated within the old AMC limits itself, especially in the Eastern part.

• Expansion of the peripheral areas began in the 1980s and has continued.

• Earlier only the eastern parts and particularly the eastern periphery registered faster growth rate, but since the 1980s even the western periphery has grown rapidly.

COMPARISON OF GROWTH BETWEEN AHMEDABAD , BANGLORE AND HYDERABAD

Source: Desai Sowmya (2005), Urban Spatial Structures & Land management Mechanisms, UnpublMished M. Tech. Planning Dissertation, CEPT University, Ahmedabad.

POLITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

AHMEDABAD URBAN AGGLOMERATION (AUA)

The Greater Ahmedabad Urban agglomeration is an amalgam covering an area of about 4200 sq. Km is an amalgam of (Refer Map-2-1). The map reveals: 1. An area of 190 square kilometers is under the jurisdiction of Ahmedabad

Municipal Corporation (AMC), and 2. 150 villages in the periphery of the city are under the jurisdiction of

Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA), 3. 9 Municipalities in the periphery of the city are under the jurisdiction of

Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA), 4. Gandhinagar and the surrounding villages, 5. Chatral, Bopal and other surrounding villages adjoining AUDA limits .

Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA)

• AUDA was constituted under the Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act, 1976 in 1978 to regulate and monitor the development in the periphery of the Corporation limits and the adjoining 300 villages and 9 municipalities.

• The major function of the authority is to undertake the preparation of the development plan, Town planning schemes, regulate the development and collect the development charges in the area of its jurisdiction

• In addition to the area falling under AMC’s limit, it also include 107 settlements around it, 4 towns , 103 villages of Ahmedabad district. The expansion of AUDA comes of 129465 hectares (129465 sq km) area which include Ahmedabad city (municipal corporation) of 44900 hectares.

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC)

Ahmedabad municipal Corporation (AMC) was established in year 1950 and this department manages all the administration and the construction works for the city of Ahmedabad.

The 190.84 sq km area within the AMC limits consists of:1. The traditional city center within the fort walls with relatively high-

density development, large concentration of commercial activities and narrow streets,

2. The eastern sector accommodating large and small industries and low income residential areas, and

3. A well planned western sector with wide roads accommodating major institutions and high-income residential areas.

LANDUSE

INTRODUCTION

• Spatial arrangements of land uses determine the population distribution and infrastructure demand patterns in the city.

• This section briefly describes the land use patterns in the city.

• The Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) is responsible for land use planning within its jurisdictional limits.

LAND USE IN AUDA AREA• Of the total AUDA area of 1294.65

sq. km, nearly 50 percent is built up. Water bodies and wastelands cover 12 percent and 17 percent of area respectively. Industries cover 9 percent of the area .

• As per the State Government Policy, no major industrial development within 24 kms of AMC limit is permitted in AUDA area. Considering existing development conditions a certain area for industrial use is designated for light industry as well as for general industry, along with existing industries at Vatwa, Naroda and Odhav (all lying within AMC), which forms nearly 10.38 percent. SOURCE : CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AHMEDABAD 2006-2012

SOURCE : CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AHMEDABAD 2006-2012

EXISTING LAND USE PLAN

LAND USE IN CITY AREA

As per existing land use (1997), more than one third (36%) of the total area is under residential use, followed by 15 percent of the area under the industries. Large tracts of land (23.44%) are lying vacant, mostly in the newly acquired area of the AMC. Only 9.5 percent of the total area is under transportation network as against the norm of 15-18 per cent. as specified by UDPFI norms.

SOURCE : CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AHMEDABAD 2006-2012

SOURCE : CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AHMEDABAD 2006-2012

SOURCE : CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AHMEDABAD 2006-2012

VARIOUS AMENDMENTS IN PROPOSED LAND USE PLAN

• There will be separate local area plans for central business district (CBD), affordable housing zone, and transit-oriented development zone.

• The development plan has also moved 134 hectares in Nana Chiloda from general agriculture zone to residential zone-2. This is to facilitate housing under Gujarat Rural Housing Development Board.

• In Kathwada, keeping in the mind the expanding Kathwada-GIDC limits, the Auda has transferred 324 hectares from agriculture zone to industrial zone.

• In Shela, the Auda has earmarked space for a sewage treatment plant near Enasani village.

• In Kamodh village a total of 8.54 hectares has been reserved for a waste-pumping site and 27 hectares for a sewage treatment plant.

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUTURE

TRANSPORT

AIRPORT

AHMEDABAD RAILWAYSTATION

SABARMATI RAILWAY STATION

Traffic Characteristics

• Infrastructure - Circular and concentrated around walled city/CBD by five ring and seventeen radial roads.

• Movement- West To East in the Morning and East to West in the Evenings.

• Major transport terminals (Railway stations, Airport) are situated on radial roads.

• The city transportation system is predominantly dependent on roadway systems

• The greater Ahmedabad area roadway system is approximately 3478 Kms.

ROADS

Distribution of Roads by Width (No. of lanes)

• Other than the NHAI AMC and AUDA, are

responsible for developing, operating and maintaining road infrastructure

MAJOR ROADS AND ROAD WIDTHS

CG ROADAshram RoadSG HIGHWAY

TRAFFIC VOLUME

Derived From: Interim Report on ‘Traffic Management Plan for Ahmedabad’, School

of Planning, CEPT University: 2001,

Traffic Volume (PCUs)

(9.30-10.30 a.m. and 5.30-6.30 p.m.)

BRIDGESBridges across River Sabarmati

Nehru Bridge

Existing/Proposed Flyovers in AMC

Accident Rate in Ahmedabad

Derived From: Safe Traffic Advocacy Cell, School of Planning, CEPT University,

AHMEDABAD BRTS• It is oprerated by Ahmedabad Janmarg

Limited, a subsidiary of AMC. It is designed by CEPT University

• Started on October 14, 2009

• System length 66 KM ( Operational) + 22 KM (Underconstruction)

• Number of lines- 7

• Number of stations- 92

• Daily ridership- 130000+

AHMEDABAD BRTS• Dedicated central lanes the interference from the traffic was

minimised

• Location of Bus stops about 400 metres beyond crossroads so queues of buses do not create jams

• increased bus frequencies reduced the waiting period to 2

minutes during peak hours and 8-10 minutes during off-peak hours.

AHMEDABAD BRTS ROUTE MAP

INSTITUTIONAL ZONE

RESIDENTIAL ZONE

COMMERCIAL ZONE

RECREATINAL ZONE

PARKING

• On-street parking

reduces the effective carriage way of roads observed along the major corridors, in the old city area and

the public parking places near the ST Bus stand, commercial centres.

• Parking places are highly inadequate for the high vehicular population in the city

Composition ofVehicles in Ahmedabad

Source: MoRTH, Gujarat

VEHICLES

Total number of vehicle registered and decadal vehicular growth

pattern in India, Gujarat and Ahmedabad

The annual growth rate of the vehicular population of Gujarat is even higher than the national growth rate because the state economy has been continuously doing better than many other states for the past many decades. Share of Gujarat in total no. Of vehicle in country is continuously increasing ,whereas that of Ahmedabad in Gujrat is decreaseing. Currently vehicles are growing at the annual rate of 13%, which is quite high and indicates towards a greater vehicular population in the future.

Source: MoRTH, Gujarat

Total motor vehicle growth and growth of two/three wheelers and AMTS buses in Ahmedabad (1961-2001)

The growth rate of two wheelers was the highest in the 1970’s and in 1980’s because ofthree possible reasons.• A large number of lower middle class and middle class population supported byfavourable income levels.• Economic liberalisation and automobile revolution in the country.• The stagnation of Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service. A large number ofautorickshaws were registered in neighbouring districts and being operated inAhmedabad city.

Source: Transport Department, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, 2004

Vehicle per 1000 Population in Major Cities, 1990 and 2002

In the year 2002 Ahmedabad has recorded the highest per capita motor vehicles in India

Source: MoRTH 2003

SLUMS AND HOUSING

Slums and housing:

The slums in Gujarat are far worse than the average Indian slum. The problem is particularly acute in Ahmedabad, with approximately 41 percent of the city’s population residing in informal settlements that are characterized by overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, insecure tenure and a high level of public health risk.”

A slum is defined as a compact area with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of a temporary nature, crowded together and usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions.

Ahmedabad has about 44 per cent of the total housing units in the AMC region, with 54.8 per cent of the total dwelling units in the category of chawls and slums. It accounts for 75 per cent of the chawl units and 47 per cent of the slum units in the city.

There are two dominant types of low-income residential areas found in the city: chawls residential units, originally built in the mill premises for workers, and slums that represent illegal occupation of marginal areas of the city. The latter typically lack facilities and basic amenities and are found along riverfronts, in low-lying areas, on vacant private or government land.

Tenure patterns and percentages are unclear but are closely related to the possession of a ration card (71 to 75 per cent of households) and/or an AMC photo pass (2.5 to 10 per cent of households). Close to 28 per cent had neither and their tenure status remains undefined. These figures roughly appear to reflect the following percentages: owner (70 per cent), renter (about 20 per cent) and undefined (8 per cent).

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It adds that the areas occupied by slums have "barely increased by 2%" over 10 years while the slum population has increased by 18%, implying a "densification of existing slums".

Reference:http://www.indianexpress.com

Housing Ownership

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Development plan via town planning scheme-2021

Zone Total Area in Sq.km Development Zone Micro Planning in related zone in %

R-1 Zone 212 192.23 90.67%

R-2 Zone 41.04 34.88 84.99%

R-3 Zone 44.48 42.76 96.13%

Commercial Zone 12.31 10.42 84.65%

Industrial Zone 50.85 41.75 82.10%

Education & Public Utility Zone 5.68 4.70 82.75%

Total (Urban complex area

inclusive of AMC area)366.36 326.74 89.19%

Characteristic of Development Plan 2021

• Development of Affordable housing in 76 sqkm,(R-AH)

• Land Use & Development

• Planning for compact city

• Priority to Sustainable & Affordable planning

• Motivational development in existing zones

• Priority & Motivation in CBD & transits corridor area for construction

• Planning for Sky line project

• Maximum use of land available inside the city

• Maintenance of agriculture land in outside the city

• Unity between land use & transport www.remax-mgm.com

Overview

• Construction of affordable housing zoneo Land availability for 15lakhs affordable housing oChargeable FSI at subsidies rate oAdding in FSI cost at R-1, R-2 zone.

Unity between land use & transporto4 FSI provision in 200mtr BRTS & metro corridoro4 FSI in high density corridor between National Highway (BRT)

& 132ft ring road (Metro) on east side of Ahmedabad.

www.remax-mgm.com

Overview Special FSI for Central Business District

o 5.4 FSI from Ellisbridge to Usmanpura (Ashram Road) & in east Gandhi Bridge to Dudheshwar Bridge

o Simplification in construction rules

o Special GDCR for old Ahmedabad

o Provision of tradable FSI for the maintenance of heritage buildings

o Volumetric GDCR for Sabarmati Riverfront

o Planning of water tank system for rain water storage

o Compulsion of solar water heater for hotels & hospitals

o Addition in parking provision

www.remax-mgm.com

Plan for Affordable Housing

• More focused on affordable housing.

• More land provision for affordable housing.

• 218 hector Land of 38 closed textile mills will be available for Institutes , educational institute & affordable housing.

• Special provision in GDCR to encourage affordable housing.

• Unit size 36 to 80sqm for residence. www.remax-mgm.com

•The AMC had still failed to fully include many of the new insights in their overall urban planning. It is, in particular, their unwillingness to grant security of tenure for periods of longer than 10 years that sends out strong negative signals.

•Furthermore, the labyrinth of regulatory mechanisms and the complex procedures of the urban planning process have not helped the poor either.

• Although the AMC has not executed wholesale slum demolitions, public housing agencies have not provided citylevel shelter programmes for the poor.

INFERENCES

Water Supply

•In Ahmedabad organized piped water supply starts in year of 1891 by Dudheshwar water tank constructed on eastern riverbank of Sabarmati River.

•Due to non-availability of Regular water after late 50’ in the Sabarmati River the city started depending on the ground water sources.

Water Sources

The water supply needs of Ahmedabad city are presently met from three sources

• Surface water from Raska.• French well in Sabarmati River.• By Intakewell constructed in River Sabarmati.

Sources of Water Supply

Water Supply, Storage and Transmission

• There are three water supply zones within AMC: Central, Eastern and Western. Water is supplied from Dudheshwar Water Works to the Central Transmission Mains while the Kotarpur Water Works supplies to the distribution stations in the three zones.

Water Supply Network

Sewerage System

• In Ahmedabad, an organized sewerage system started 1890 when an underground sewer line and temporary pumping station were constructed in Khadia ward outside Astodia Gate.

• Presently, around 75 percent of the municipal area is covered by 1384 km long sewerage network. There are 43 Sewage Pumping Stations, of which 8 are main Sewage pumping stations.

Sewerage Network

Zone wise Drainage Pumping Stations

• At present, Ahmedabad generates about 500 MLD of sewage of which about 168 MLD is discharged into River Sabarmati without treatment through storm water outlets.

Treatment facilities

• There are two sewage treatment plants • Pirana 180 mLd • Vasana 180 mLd • recently two sewage treatment plants (UASB) of

capacity 106 MLD and 126 mLd at Pirana (old) and Vasana (old) respectively were commissioned as a part of Sabarmati river action plan.

Storm Water Drainage

• Storm water drains in the city cover only 23% of the roads in the city.

• There are three types of drains laid in the city- RCC pipes, Box type drains arch drains.• These storm water drains discharge storm water into

River Sabarmati at 42 locations, of which currently only 27 locations are functional.

ExistingStorm Water

Drainage

Issues

• Negligence of natural drainage in the growth and development of Ahmedabad city has led to problems of water logging and flooding during the monsoons.

• The storm water drains cover only 23% of the roads.• water drains: Of the 36 outlets into the river

Sabarmati, 9 outlets are blocked.

Solid Waste Management

• Solid Waste collection and disposal in Ahmedabad is being carried out by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation as an obligatory function. The total waste generated in the city is of the order of 2100 tonnes per day

• Waste collected from the city is disposed at 84 ha, Pirana land fill site approximately 22 kmaway from the farthest end on Western side and 18 km away from the farthest point oneastern side, near Narol-Sarkhej Octroi Checkpost.

Solid Waste Management

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

There are altogether 1287 primary schools in Ahmedabad and 583 Higher Secondary Schools.

AMC is presently running 112 preprimary and 563 primaryschools . It provides free textbooks to all students, and scholarships to students belonging to SC/ST/OBC.

EDUCATION FACILITIES

There are additional 715 primary schools run by the private, having approx. 500 students. There are 91 colleges in the city.

When analysed with respect to the UDPFI standards, Ahmedabad was found to be wellendowed and far advanced in terms of educational facilities.

Ahmedabad is proud of its scientific research, educational and philanthropic institutions. Because of its internationally recognised educational institutions such as IIMA, NID, CEPT and NIRMA University, the city has emerged as an important educational hub.

Gujarat Vidyapith - 1920Nirma University - 1994

PRL-Physical Research Laboratory - 1947

BPA-Blind People's Association - 1950

MICA-Mudra Institute of Communications, Ahmedabad - 1991

Gujarat University - 1949 CEPT University - 1994

ATIRA-Ahmedabad Textile Industries Research Association - 1947

IIM-A - Indian Institute of Management-Ahmedabad -1961

NID-National Institute of Design - Ahmedabad - 1961

SEWA-Self Employed Women's Association - 1972

SAC-Space Application Center - 1973

CERC-Consumer Education and Research Centre - 1978

AMA-Ahmedabad Management Association - 1997

The Open Spaces in Ahmedabad are of five types: Open, Garden, Playground, Green beltsand Recreational Area. A total of 129 ha are under open spaces in the entire city. Thistranslates to 0.37sq.m area per person as against a specified standard of 8-10sq.m perperson (UDPFI Guidelines)

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Over 40 percent of the open spaces lie in the Western Zone. There are no recreational areas and green belts in southern and Central Zones. Most of the open spaces are in the form of gardens. In all the five zones the per capita open space works out to be less than 0.7 sq.m. There seems to be major shortfall in terms of open green areas.

There are about 100 parks in the city of Ahmedabad. Private agencies like Mother Dairy,Amul and Dairy Den work on leasehold basis with the Corporation for the development and maintenance of these parks. In turn, they grim through their profit margins from advertisements and sale of their products.

In the periphery as part of new planning, AUDA has developed 50 parks over 27 hactares.

Kankaria: A Destination of Complete Entertainment

Kankaria lake is beautified and modernized as an entertainment area by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation under 'Kankaria Lakefront Development Project‘

Kamla Nehru Zoo

Chacha Nehru Balvatika

One Tree Hill Garden

Matsya Bhavan is an aquarium with modern architecture on the opposite side of the gate of Naginawadi near Kankaria lake. It is named "Matsyabhavan".

Tethered Helium Balloon Ride

Science CityScience Pavilion

IMAX - 3D Theatre is established in Science City for first time in India. The screen of the theatre is as tall as eighty- storeyed building. The size of the picture screen is 10 times larger than 35 mm projectors.

Pavilion of Space and Communication

Many other pavilions and parks such as Energy Life Science, Planetarium, Earth station, LED screen and children's gallery etc. are raised here. There is an amphitheater with a capacity of 1200 spectators. The biggest Dancing Musical Fountains of India are made with the use of light and sound.

Sunset - Drive-in-CinemaThe screen of Drive-in-Cinema is very large. Its length is 63 feet and 142 feet wide. About six thousand spectators can enjoy the film at a time.

Gujarat stands second in India in respect of the number of museums. There are 57 museums in Gujarat, out of which 22 are in Ahmedabad. Thus, Ahmedabad is leading in the matter of museums. Its museums are unique and they cover a variety of subjects.

Satyagrah Ashram - Kocharab 1915This ashram is managed by Gujarat Vidyapith.

Gandhi Memorial Museum 1917

New Museum BuildingA new museum was built in 1963 designed by Charles Correa.

Adivasi Museum 1965With the opening of Adivasi Research and Training Centre at Vidyapith in 1962, a museum was opened in 1965 to display things related to their lives.

Calico Museum of Textiles 1949This is the only first rated textile museum in the world

Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum 1957

MUSEUMS

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial Museum 1978

Vechaar-Metal Utensils Museum 1980

Patang - The Kite Museum 1986This is the first museum of its kind in India and second in the world.

City Museum-Karnavati: Atit-ni-Zankhi 2000Designed by a French architect Le Corbusier, the City Museum started in Sanskar Kendra of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation on April 4,2000 under the name of "Karnavati: Atit-ni-Zankhi".

AutoWorld MuseumAutoWorld Museum, the largest and the biggest automobiles collection of India and one of the best in the world, is in Ahmedabad.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Space Museum

Sheth B.J. Vidyabhavan Museum 1946

N.C. Mehta Gallery Shreyas MuseumMuseum of Folk Arts

Kalpilna Mangaldas Balayatan

Ahmedabad CentralC.G. Road

Big BazaarS.G. Highway

Dev Arc MallS.G. Highway

Gallops MallS.G. Highway

Gulmohar ParkSatellite Rd

Himalaya MallDrive-in Road.

Iscon ArcadeC.G. Road

Iscon MallS.G. Highway

National Handloom HouseLaw Garden

PantaloonsAbhijeet-III, Law Garden.

R3 MallDrive-in Rd,Nr. May FlowerHospital.

10 AcresRaipur.

Super MallC.G. Road.

Star IndiaShivranjani, Satellite.

Shopping Malls

Ahmedabad provides a good network of medical services in the form of hospitals,dispensaries and maternity homes. The Corporation manages three general hospitals, one ophthalmic hospital, one TB Hospital, One infectious decease hospital, 5 Referral hospitals and 22 dispensaries. It also provides 10 maternity homes, three dental clinics and 43 dispensaries

HEALTH FACILITIES

Apart from these there are two more General Hospitals, and 2 Super Specialty Centres. The Municipal General Hospitals together have the capacity of 1700 beds for indoor treatment; whereas other hospitals and maternity homes have above 500 beds (total 2500 beds). Annually over 3 million patients take advantage of indoor treatment in the above medical institutions and about 50,000 operations are performed.There are around 1300 private nursing homes also. The urban poor has to depened onmedical services rendered by the public, charitable hospitals, dispensaries and maternityhomes. AMC has a network of 60 medical institutions offering services either free of charge or by levying normal charge. The lower order facilities are lacking in slums. Only one-fourth slum population has access to dispensaries.Spatially, majority of the medical facilities is located in the Western Zone, followed by Central Zone. The other three zones are deficient in terms of health amenities

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

WATER QUALITY

• High dependence on ground water in absence of perennial water sources is resulting in depletion of water table at an annual rate of 2 to 3 mts. This is posing serious problems, both from the point of view of availability as well as quality.

• National River Conservation Project (NRCP)The National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) is the project initiated by Ministry ofEnvironment & Forests for cleaning up most polluted rivers of India. River Sabarmati has also been picked up under this project, which is highly polluted at a stretch of 80 kms between Gandhinagar and Vautha. This stretch passes through Ahmedabad. The emphasis of this project is on arresting the river pollution due to discharge of wastewater through 27-storm water drains outlets.

National River Conservation Project (NRCP)

AIR QUALITY

• Vehicular pollution generally accounts for 60-70 per cent of total pollution loads of a city. The root cause of air pollution in Ahmedabad is the two wheelers and auto rickshaws.

• In Ahmedabad a total pollution load of 25 tons/day on to the atmosphere during the year 1970-71 has gone up to 209 tons/day by 1987-88. By the year 1996-97 the load has gone up to 640-tons/day (CEPT, 1999). The loss due to high levels of air pollution in Ahmedabad is estimated to be Rs 250 – 300 Crores per year, which is about 40% of the annual budget of the local body.

POLLUTION LEVEL AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

NOISE POLLUTION

• Most of the areas along the major roads in Ahmedabad are subjected to much higher noise levels than the permissible limits. The Central Pollution Control Board has set standards for ambient noise levels in residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones.

• Though legislative options are available for noise abatement under Environment Protection Act of 1986, no concern is shown to the increasing noise levels.

As per a study carried out on seven major road sections in Ahmedabad the areas on Tilak Road and Gandhi Road are the noisiest, with equivalent noise levels reaching 87.5 and 86.5 dBA during peak hours (5-7PM) the maximum values on these roads reach 110 dBA .

On the University Road, the equivalent noise level is 72 dBA, which is 22 dBA higher than prescribed limits for a silence zone. On the other roads, noise levels are around 12 to 22dBA higher than the set limit. On all the roads, noise levels exceed the permissible limits(65 dBA) for more then 50 percent of the time.

DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

• The Sabarmati Riverfront Development• Ring Road• Heritage Area Developement

The Sabarmati Riverfront Development

• The Sabarmati Riverfront project is an environmental improvement and urban renewing project that will renew Ahmedabad. The project aims to reclaim the private river edge as a public asset and restore the city’s relationship with its river.

• The development project encompasses both banks of the Sabarmati for a 10.5 kms. stretch, creating approximately 185 hectares of reclaimed land.

Ring Road• The Sardar Patel Ring

Road is 76 km long ring road around the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

• It meets the Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway at one point and crosses the Sabarmati River and the Mumbai-Delhi National Highway twice.

Heritage Area Development: The city government has a heritage cell. Development of Chows, Gates, Traditional houses has been a significant activity of AMC. A heritage walk starting from a temple ending at a mosque is a major attraction for visitors. Going beyond buildings, the city has been developing heritage development through asystematic effort. A plan to develop inner-city transit development is underway to make inner city accessible. Inner-city pedestrianisation is underway.

Established Infrastructure

STRENGTHS

Beneficial Location

No Geographical Barriers

Compact Sprawl

BloomingEconomy

WEAKNESSES

POOR DRAINAGE INADEQUATE SOLID WASTE

DISPOSAL

QUALITY OF URBAN

ENVIRONMENT

Growth in Primary Sector

OPPORTUNITIES

The completion of the Narmada canal project is expected to boost agricultural production in the areas surrounding Ahmedabad and improve rural incomes, leading to increased consumption

Afforadble Housing Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) has also proposed the creation of an affordable housing zone in a 76 sq-km area encircling S P Ring Road, a peripheral location, along with 38 defunct mills in central Ahmedabad,

Sources- The Times of India articles, AUDA development plan 2011

The size of these affordable houses will be 66 sqm for middle income group housing and 36 sqm for Lower Income Group housing.

Tourism

Investment in Ports

Ahmedabad is not reputed to be a tourist destination. However, in reality it offers visitors an adventurous destination packed with pleasant surprises.

Future BPO Hub

The city has the potential to become a hub for business process outsourcing (BPO) services, given its strong academic and research base

The extensive port network is expected to facilitate the growth of new, high-end manufacturing industries, such as automobile accessories.

THREATS

Land acquisition

Funds

Pressure of Migrants

Traffic Management

Relocation

FIVE POINT CONCLUSION

1. Ahmedabad‘s traditional socio- economic set up was the most important asset in its growth.

2. City governments have proven their efficiency in delivering services.

3. Business skills and enthusiasm of migrant Gujaratis account for credible image of city for investors.

4. New developments and expansion along with the old planning is a challenge.

5. Ahmedabad is one of the best city to live in India.