Agroscope Fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats: effect of … · 2014. 7. 31. · Resistance...
Transcript of Agroscope Fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats: effect of … · 2014. 7. 31. · Resistance...
-
Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER
Agroscope
July 15, 2014
Fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats: effect of cropping factors and health promoting compounds T. Schirdewahn, C. Martin, F. Mascher, T.D. Bucheli, M. Bertossa, R. Morisoli, T. Musa, S. Vogelgsang Agroscope
-
2
Outline
• Aims and challenge
• Project description
• Preliminary results
• Conclusions and upcoming work
-
3 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Aims & challenge • Promotion of cereal production for food
Swiss barley and oats for food, less for feed
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
http://www.myswitzerland.com/
All Swiss barley is used for feed!
-
4 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Aims & challenge • Promotion of cereal production for food
Swiss barley and oats for food, less for feed
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
http://www.about.ch/culture/food/
-
5 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Aims & challenge • Promotion of cereal production for food
Swiss barley and oats for food, less for feed
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
http://www.about.ch/culture/food/
Oats: 86% import! The little amount of oats produced in Switzerland is used for feed.
-
6 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Aims & challenge • Promotion of cereal production for food
Swiss barley and oats for food, less for feed
• Improved health Elevated content of health promoting compounds (HPCs) in certain cereal varieties, e.g. phenolic acids, anthocyanins, arabinoxylans, carotenoids, β-glucans
• Fusaria and mycotoxins → severe yield losses → threat to human health
• Improved safety HPCs could reduce growth of toxigenic Fusarium species
→ Healthy & Safe (start: December 2013)
-
7 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Healthy & Safe project Work packages
WP 2: Epidemiology
WP 1: Occurrence
WP 4: Modelling & forecasting
WP 5: Implementation
Cropping, environmental and genetic factors
Integration of results and implementation
WP 3: Resistance
As of now: preliminary results available
-
8 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
• Monitoring of growers’ samples throughout Switzerland (cropping factors)
• Agroscope variety trials in S, W & E Switzerland (cropping & environmental factors)
WP 1
F. equiseti F. graminearum F. crookwellense
-
9 © ESRI
Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope International Mycotoxin Conference, 19-23 May, 2014, Beijing, China
Very small country but with large climatic differences between regions
-
10 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
• Climate chamber Variety, temperature & leaf wetness duration
WP 2
conidia suspension
-
11 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
Inoculation during anthesis
• Climate chambers Variety, temperature & leaf wetness duration
• Field conditions Weather & inoculum
WP 2
conidia suspension
-
12
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
WP 3
• Resistance experiments at three sites in Switzerland - HPC enhanced genotypes - Artificial infections
“Ebène” “Gailette”
“President” “Canyon”
-
13 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
Tänikon Zurich-Reckenholz Wädenswil
Liebefeld Posieux
Avenches
Changins Conthey
Cadenazzo
Sites of resistance experiments
-
14 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
Tänikon Zurich-Reckenholz Wädenswil
Liebefeld Posieux
Avenches
Changins Conthey
Cadenazzo
Sites of resistance experiments
-
15
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
• Resistance experiments at three sites in Switzerland - HPC enhanced genotypes - Artificial infections
• Toronit x 211.12014 mapping population Role of carotenoids
• Wheat isolines Anthocyanin spectrum
• HPCs on in vitro growth and toxin production
WP 3
“Ebène” “Gailette”
“President” “Canyon”
-
16 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
Information system for risk assessment of FHB and DON contamination in wheat
WP 4
-
17 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
for wheat, oats, barley and their mycotoxins
Information system for risk assessment of FHB and DON contamination in wheat
WP 4
-
18 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting
for wheat, oats, barley and their mycotoxins
© H.R. Forrer, Agroscope ART
Information system for risk assessment of FHB and DON contamination in wheat
WP 4 WebApp for FusaProg: as of now available for wheat only
-
19 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
WP 5 Implementation partners
Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
Industry & marketing
Konferenz der kantonalen Pflanzenschutzdienste (KPSD) Conférence des services phytosanitaires cantonaux (CSP) Conferenza degli servizi fitosanitari cantonali (CSF)
Extension
Research
-
20 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
1. Workshop with partners, January 2014
-
21 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
1. Workshop with partners, January 2014
-
22
WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013
• 280 barley samples from 17 cantons
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
-
23
WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013
• 280 barley samples from 17 cantons • 93 oat samples from 11 cantons
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
-
24
WP 1: Questionnaire on cropping factors
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
production system
variety previous crop
tillage / residue management
-
25
Results oat monitoring 2013 (n =93) Fusarium species distribution
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
FP: ∅ 4% (0-18%)
FG: ∅ 1 % (0-22%)
FL: ∅ 1% (0-11%)
F. poae F. poae
55%
17%
16%
7%
1% 3% F. poae
F. graminearum
F. langsethiae
F. avenaceum
F. culmorum
F. tritcinctum
F. crookwellense
F. equiseti
F. spp.
Agroscope ©
-
26
Results oat monitoring 2013 Fusarium species distribution
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
FP: ∅ 4% (0-18%)
FG: ∅ 1 % (0-22%)
FL: ∅ 1% (0-11%)
F. poae F. poae
3% F. poae
F. graminearum
F. langsethiae
F. avenaceum
F. culmorum
F. tritcinctum
F. crookwellense
F. equiseti
F. spp.
NIV, DAS
DON, ZEA
T-2, HT-2
FG
Barley (n=280)
FA
Agroscope ©
-
27
NIV DON ZEA HT-2 T-2
Toxi
n co
nten
t (µg
kg-
1 )
0
100
200
300
400
Oat monitoring: average toxin contents
n = 93
∅ sum T-2 & HT-2 toxins: 450 µg kg-1
F. poae
F. graminearum
F. langsethiae
Agroscope ©
-
28
Wieland
(n=34)
Triton (n
=32)
Gaillette
(n=7)
Expand
er (n=6)
Ebène (
n=4)
Presiden
t (n=3)
Gra
ins
infe
cted
by
Fusa
rium
spp
. (%
)
0
2
4
6
8
F. poaeF. langsethiae
P < 0.001 P = 0.007
Effect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species
Agroscope ©
-
29
Wieland
(n=34)
Triton (n
=32)
Gaillette
(n=7)
Expand
er (n=6)
Ebène (
n=4)
Presiden
t (n=3)
Gra
ins
infe
cted
by
Fusa
rium
spp
. (%
)
0
2
4
6
8
F. poaeF. langsethiaeF. graminearum
Effect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species
P < 0.001 P = 0.007 n.s.
FL ↑ FG ↓ and vice versa: Different ecological niches?
Agroscope ©
-
30
Wieland
(n=34)
Triton (n
=32)
Gaillette
(n=7)
Expand
er (n=6)
Ebène (
n=4)
Presiden
t (n=3)
Gra
ins
infe
cted
by
F. p
oae
/ F. l
angs
ethi
ae (%
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
sum
HT-
2_T-
2 (
g kg
-1)
0
200
400
600
800
F. poaeF. langsethiaesum HT-2/T-2
R =0.11, n.s. R =0.53, P < 0.001
Effect of oat varieties on HT-2/T-2 toxin content & correlation
Agroscope ©
-
31
Wieland
(n=34)
Triton (n
=32)
Gaillette
(n=7)
Expand
er (n=6)
Ebène (
n=4)
Presiden
t (n=3)
Gra
îns
infe
cted
by
F. g
ram
inea
rum
(%)
0
2
4
6
8
Deo
xyni
vale
nol (µg
kg-
1 )
0
50
100
150
200
250
300F. graminearumDeoxynivalenol
Effect of oat varieties on FG, DON content and correlation
R = 0.47, P < 0.001
In monitoring few samples of «black oats»
Agroscope ©
-
32 wheat mai
zebarl
ey oats
spelt w
heatpota
toes triticale
Gra
ins
infe
cted
by
F. p
oae
(%)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 P = 0.002
34 24
4 15
3
3 3
Effect of previous crops on F. poae incidence in oats
Effect from spelt wheat probably coincidence (n=3) → more data needed
Agroscope ©
-
33 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS wh
eat maize
barley oats
spelt w
heatpota
toes triticaleG
rain
s in
fect
ed b
y F.
gra
min
earu
m /
F. la
ngse
thia
e (%
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6F. graminearumF. langsethiae
Effect of previous crops on incidence of F. graminearum / F. langsethiae
Different ecological niches?
n.s. P = 0.049
Agroscope ©
-
34
34 24
4 15
3
3
Effect of previous crops on toxins content in oats
wheat
maize
barley oats
spelt w
heatpota
toes triticale
Toxi
n co
nten
t (µg
kg-
1 )
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200 nivalenoldeoxynivalenolT-2 toxinHT-2 toxin
n.s. -″- P < 0.001 -″-
Agroscope ©
-
35 Toro
nitDiga
naQua
rna Caral
AltareCam
palaGreina
Fiorina
Chasse
ral0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Num
ber o
f spi
kele
ts w
ith s
ympt
oms
/ 30
spik
es
P < 0.001 n = 27
very high carotenoid
content
already ranked as «less susceptible»
Resistance experiments with artificial infections - symptoms in wheat varieties
Symptom rating in oats not possible
F. graminearum
Agroscope ©
-
36
Conclusions
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
• Growers‘ oat samples were contaminated T-2 & HT-2 content somewhat scary
• Pronounced effect between varieties - different for individual Fusarium species - true variety effect, or weather or HPC related?
• Effect of cropping factors not clear yet Dataset for oats - in contrast to wheat and barley - still very small; more samples and in-depth analyses needed
-
37
Ongoing experiments and outlook
Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
• Oat and barley monitoring 2014 running • Resistance experiments at 3 sites
(oat, barley, wheat) Harvest has started, followed by seed health test (incidence), qPCR, toxin content
• Epidemiology: climate chamber experiments running, field in 2015 Effect of temperature, leaf wetness duration on infection, contamination and spore deposition
-
38 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014
Health threatening mycotoxins
Value added, healthy & safe cereals Economic & social benefits: • reduced toxin risks and less fungicide use
• increased attractiveness of Swiss food products
-
39 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS
Thank you Support in the lab & field: • Andreas Kägi • Paride Missio • Irene Bänziger • Eveline Jenny • Phillip Streckeisen • Felix Wettstein • Field workers group
Oat & barley samples: • Cantonal plant
protection officers • Participating growers
For your attention Funding: Swiss National Science Foundation
Inspiration for research in plant pathology Hans-Rudolf Forrer
-
40 FG 32.4 | Highlights & Tätigkeitsfelder Susanne Vogelgsang | © Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART
RG Ecology of Noxious & Beneficial Organisms
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 191. Workshop with partners, January 20141. Workshop with partners, January 2014WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013WP 1: Questionnaire on cropping factorsResults oat monitoring 2013 (n =93)�Fusarium species distributionResults oat monitoring 2013�Fusarium species distributionOat monitoring: average toxin contentsEffect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species Effect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species Effect of oat varieties on HT-2/T-2 toxin content & correlationEffect of oat varieties on FG, DON content and correlationEffect of previous crops on �F. poae incidence in oatsEffect of previous crops on incidence of�F. graminearum / F. langsethiaeEffect of previous crops on toxins content in oatsResistance experiments with artificial infections - symptoms in wheat varietiesConclusionsOngoing experiments and outlookSlide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40