Agro Forestry and social Forestry..ajmal Bhai -nov 2015.pdf
Transcript of Agro Forestry and social Forestry..ajmal Bhai -nov 2015.pdf
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AGRO FORESTRY & SOCIAL FORESTY
By Dr Muhammad Akmal RahimMuhammad Ajmal Rahim Dr. Seemal Vehra Ejaz
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Agroforestry
Enriching our lives
with trees that work
Agroforestry is science is
based on forestry,
agriculture, animal
husbandry, aquaculture, and
fisheries, Land resources
Management and other
disciplines which all form the
systematic back ground of
Land use
..the intentional combining of agriculture and working trees to create sustainable farming and ranching systems.
If you are interested in:WhyAgroforestry?
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AgricultureForestry
Here, do this! Use agriculture!
Here, do this!Use forestry!
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Agroforestry on the farm or ranch
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INTRODUCTION
Woody land with Agriculture
Multicroping System Inter disciplinary
approach
Feedback between Man and Environment
Sustain Management Tool to serve Man
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Definition Agroforestry is a land use system that
involves socially and ecologically acceptable integration of trees with agricultural crops and/or animals, simultaneously or sequentially, so as to get increased total productivity of plant and animal in a sustainable manner from a unit of farmland, especially under conditions of low levels of technological inputs and marginal lands.
Agroforestry is a sustainable land management system which increases the over-all yield of the land, combines the production of crops (including tree crops) and forest plants and/or animals simultaneously or sequentially, on the same unit of land, and applies management practices that are compatible with the cultural practices of the local population.
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Aims of Agroforestry
Maximize use of radiant energy
Minimize losses of plants nutrients
Water use efficiency
Minimize run-off and soil loss
Multiple mixed or zonal cropping
Animal production
Recycling of resources
Sustain soil fertility
Soil conservation
Pest & disease control
Socio economic needs of local people
Cultural practices
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Component of Agroforestry System
Land
Environment
Agricultural component
Forestry component
Management strategy
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Characteristic of Agroforestry Tree Species
Non-interference with main crop
Easy establishment and fast growth
Ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen
No toxic effects on soil and crop
Multiple use and high yield potential
Self-pruning properties and tolerance to heavy pruning
Efficient nutrient pumping
Deep root system and easily decomposable litter with favorableeffects on soil
Small crown relative to bole diameter
Light branching habit
Shade tolerant
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Aims of Agroforestry
Maximize use of radiant energy
Minimize losses of plants nutrients
Water use efficiency
Minimize run-off and soil loss
Multiple mixed or zonal cropping
Animal production
Recycling of resources
Sustain soil fertility
Soil conservation
Pest & disease control
Socio economic needs of local people
Cultural practices
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Agroforestry System
Agrisilviculture (crops + trees)
Silvipastoral (trees + pastures + animals)
Agri-horticulture (crops + fruit trees)
Horti-silvi-pastoral (fruit trees + trees + pasture + animal)
Agri-horti-Silviculture (crops + fruit trees + multi purpose trees)
Agri-silvi-pastoral (crops + trees + pasture + animals)
Homestead agroforestry (multiple combinations of various components)
Agri-pisci-silvicultre (crops + fish + trees)
Silvi-apiculture (trees + honey bees)
Pisci-Silviculture (fish + trees)
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Agrisilviculture: the conscious anddeliberate use of land for the concurrentproduction of agricultural crops (includingtree crops) and forest crops. This isperhaps the most common form ofagroforestry.
Silvopastroral: the land managementsystems in which forests are managed forthe production of wood as well as for therearing of domesticated animals.
Agrosilvopastoral: in which land ismanaged for the concurrent production ofagricultural and forest crops and for therearing of domesticated animals. Thissystem is, in effect, a combination ofagrisilviculture and the silvopastoralsystem.
Multipurpose forest tree productionsystems: here forest tree species areregenerated and managed for their abilityto produce not only wood, but leaves and/or fruit are suitale for food and/or fodder.
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Common combinations of the Agroforestry system in Pakistan
Tree Species Agricultural crops grown with trees
Poplars Wheat/maize/turmeric/sugar cane/vegetables/fodder
Eucalypts Wheat/sun flower/tomatos/potatoes/chillies
Simal Maize/sun flower /vegetables/fodder
Shisham Turmeric/wheat/maize/vegetable
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Agrisilviculture
1.Shifting cultivation
2.Taungya System
3.Multipurpose treesand shrubs on farmlands
4.Trees with plantationcrops
5.Shelter belts
6.Wind breaks
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Taungya (taung = hill, ya = cultivation)
Advantages Disadvantages
Cheap artificial regeneration of the forest Loss of soil fertility and exposure of soil
To solve problems of unemployment Legal problems created
Helps towards maximum utilization of the site Susceptibility of land to accelerated erosion increase
Low cost method of forest plantation establishment It is a form of exploitation of human labor
In every case highly remunerative to the forest departments
Danger of epidemics
Provision of food crops from forest land
Weed, climber growth, etc is eliminated
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Wind breaks
To control the ravages of wind
To improve environmental conditions
To improve output from arable andgrazing lands
To provide shelter to houses and otherconstructions
To control wind erosion and shifting sanddunes
To improve aesthetic value and generaterecreational area
To obtain firewood, fodder and timber
To counteract the salt Laiden winds alongthe coast
To provide shelter for wildlife
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Agroforestry
Ecological Aspect
Economic Aspect
Social Aspect
Institutional Aspect
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Ecological Aspect
Efficient recycling of nutrients
Defence against precipitation
Litter and humus layers
Symbiotic economic and ecologicalinteractions
Improve soil structure and fertility
Windbreakers
Increase carrying capacity for livestock
Soil conservation
Reduce salinity and water logging
Pest and disease control
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Economic Aspect
Solve the food crises
Energy crises
Additional Income
Increase in productivity
Employment
Creates capital stocks availableto meet intermittent costs ofunforeseen contingencies
Reduce cost of fuel, forage andbuilding materials due togrowing of trees on farms
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Social Aspect
Wood and Fire wood
Clean water
Environment amelioration
Minor forest produce
Recreation and culturalaspects
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Institutional Aspects
Awareness
Training
Promotion policies
Knowledge
Tenure
Local use andknowledge
Trained labor
Nutrition
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Constraint
Being a new subject, agroforestry
requires detailed scientific study
but because of its complexity, it
requires combined efforts of
agriculturists, foresters, livestock
specialist, ecologists, sociologists,
economists, policymakers,
community leaders and extension
workers