Agribusiness - Production of Biofertilizers
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Transcript of Agribusiness - Production of Biofertilizers
PRODUCTION OF
BIO-FERTILIZERSBy:Abhijeet Verma
Biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.
Environment friendly pose no danger to environment
Shown advantage over chemical fertilizer
Economical as compared to chemical fertilizer
Increases Nitrogen fixation capacity of soil
Replaces 25-30% of chemical fertilizer
Leads to increase in productivity
Currently Bio-fertilizer is used as a supplement to chemical fertilizer
As 25% of requirements for chemical fertilizer can be replaced by bio-fertilizer the coming demand of Bio-fertilizer can be estimated to be 27.3 lac MT for achieving the target production of 321 million tonnes of food grain by 2020.
Current installed production capacity for production is 86078 MT
Huge gap between requirement and production
Types Of Bio Fertilizer• Rhizobium• Azotobacter• Azospirillum• Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms(PSM)• Azolla• Vesicular – Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)
OUTLINE FOR COMMERCIAL RHIZOBIUM MANUFACTURE OF BIO-FERTILIZER
1. Culture selection and maintenance.
2. Culture Augmentation or Mass Multiplication.
3. Carrier Sterilization
CULTURE SELECTION AND MAINTENANCE
• The pure mother cultures of various strains are being maintained in Agricultural Universities, IARI, some ICAR institutions, Regional biofertilizer labs of MOA, etc.
• International sources of supply also like NifTAL, IRRI etc.
• The mother culture in test tubes of desired strain can be purchased from the identified sources.
• They have to be further sub-cultured and maintained purely for mass production by adopting standard techniques under the supervision of trained microbiologist.
CULTURE AUGMENTATION OR MASS MULTIPLICATION
The culture has to be mass multiplied in two levels namely (i) At primary level using shakers in flasks, and; (ii) Secondary stage multiplication in fermenters.
• In case of Rhizobium, molasses could serve as a superior source for rhizobial growth.
• Liquid malt extract could be ranked in the list and the third one was medium having sucrose mannitol in combination.
• Similarly, compositions for growth media are available for other cultures.
• After the media is formulated and sterilized in fermenter, • It is inoculated using the shorter cultures multiplied in the flasks at
definite ratios usually 5%.
• The bacteria growing medium is called BROTH and it is continuously aerated by passing sterile air from compressors.
• After about 3-4 days fermentation period, • The broth will be ready for packing in a carrier material. • At various stages the quality is tested by drawing samples.
Carrier Sterilization
• While the broth is getting ready in the fermenter the carrier material, which is usually the carbon source for the cultures to survive, is sterilized in autoclaves and kept ready for mixing the broth.
• For preparation of seed inoculant, the carrier material is milled to fine powder with particle size of 10-40 μm.
Properties of a good carrier material for seed inoculation
• Non-toxic to inoculant bacterial strain• Good moisture absorption capacity• Easy to process and free of lump-forming materials• Easy to sterilize by autoclaving or gamma-irradiation• Inexpensive• Good adhesion to seeds• Good ph buffering capacity, and;• Non-toxic to plant
Flow Chart For Commercial ProductionSTOCK
CULTURE
BROTH
BROTH IN BIG FLASK FOR
CULTURING
FERMENTATION FOR LARGE
SCALE PRODUCTION
BROTH QUALITY CHECK
BLENDED WITH
STERILIZED CAREER
PACKAGING
QUALITY CHECK AFTER
DIFFERENT DURATION
Mother Culture
Broth
Broth in small flask
Broth in big flask or bottles
Broth quality checking
The broth is blended with sterilized carrier
Packaging in polythene bags
25°C curing in controlled temperature rooms
Peat culture quality checking
4°C storage in low temperature rooms
DISPATCH TO FARMERS
Fermenters for large scale production
Production cycle of bio fertilizer
SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY
PRE EXECUTION MARKETING
POST EXECUTION MARKETING
PRE EXECUTION MARKETING
• Area Identification• Mass Campaigning• Village Meeting• Targeting of potential farmers
POST EXECUTION MARKETING
• Publicity• Mega Farmers Meeting• Product Display• Demonstration• Advertising• Field Demonstration & Training
CAPACITY UTILIZATION & SALES
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th yearProduction
Capacity per Annum 150 150 150 150 150
Capacity Utilization 20% 40% 70% 90% 90%
Annual Sales 30 60 105 135 135Annual Sales
value 945000 1890000 3307500 4252500 4252500
Own Capital (25%) 17Bank Loan (50%) 34
Government Subsidy (25%)* 17Total Capital Required 68
*Capital Investment Subsidy Scheme for Commercial Production Units of Organic Inputs under National Project on Organic Farming for each unit of Bio fertilizer will be provided with a subsidy @25% of the capital cost of the project subject to a ceiling of Rs40 lakh. So, as per the scheme the unit is entitled for the subsidy to the tune of Rs 17 lakhs.
Capital Cost of The Project
S.no. Particulars Estimated Cost (in lakhs)
1. Land Leveling 0.8
2. Civil Structures 15
3. Plant and Machinery 25
4. Other Fixtures 18
5. Preliminary and Pre-op. Expenses 3
6. Other Miscellaneous Expenses 6.2
TOTAL 68
BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
(2,000,000)
(1,000,000)
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Breakeven Analysis Chart
Fixed costs Total costs Total sales Net profit (loss)
Thank You