Agreements in Principle · implementation workplan” (cleanup plan or “Remedial Action Plan”)...

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Agreements in Principle between The State of California and The U.S. Department of Energy and the State of California and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration September 2010

Transcript of Agreements in Principle · implementation workplan” (cleanup plan or “Remedial Action Plan”)...

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Agreements in Principlebetween

The State of California and

The U.S. Department of Energy

and the

State of California and

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration

September 2010

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A Path Forward

• Resolves disagreements over interpretations and implementation of SB 990 (Kuehl, 2007)

• Fast forwards the process to where it will likely end up (years from now)

• Provides certainty to all and eliminates concerns about the unknown outcome of “process”

• Takes advantage of U.S.EPA’s ongoing site survey and soil sampling work and U.S.EPA’s expertise on radiological contamination

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A Brief History

• 2007

Legislature passed and Governor signed SB 990• LOI (with Boeing) and LOI (with Community)

• 2008 

Discussing implementation details

• 2009

Negotiating new agreement

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A Brief History (continued)

• November 2009– Boeing tolling agreement

– DTSC agreement draft based on community comments

– Boeing lawsuit

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A Brief History (continued)

• February 2010

High level conversations• Cal/EPA Secretary Adams, DOE Secretary Chu, NASA Administrator Bolden

• Desire to resolve differences and find path forward

• March 2010

DOE offers to clean to background

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A Brief History (continued)

• March 2010 – August 2010

Negotiate details of “cleanup to background”• What, who, how

• Enforceability provisions

• Resolution of DOE lawsuit

• September 2010

NASA agrees to use same approach

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A Brief History (continued)

• September 2010 – October 2010

Public Process• Explain new approach to public

• Hear public comments

• Identify any areas needing further clarity or adjustments

• October 2010 

Finalize and sign actual agreements

EPA field sampling work to begin 10/14

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What are these Agreements in Principle?

• NOT the final agreements

• NOT inclusive of all of the details of the cleanup and environmental review process

• Describe the key principles that the final agreements will contain

• A “blueprint” for the final agreements

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What will the agreements do?

After cleanup, the site will be restored to the way it was before it 

was polluted

(“cleanup to background”)

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Seems so simple…….

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First, a little context….

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SB 990• What it says:

– Requires cleanup standards for radioactive and chemical contaminants based on “rural residential” land use assumptions• includes the pathways: ingestion of soil, dermal contact with soil,  inhalation of dust, ingestion of fruits and vegetables, beef, milk, poultry, eggs, swine, and fish, assumed to be produced on the site.

– Clarifies that risk due to both radioactive and chemical contaminants must be added

– Requires uses of the State Superfund process

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State Superfund

• Cleanup goal (for carcinogens) of one or less excess cancer risks in one million (10‐6)

• Requires consideration and balancing through a set of 9 criteria to adjust the goal

• Allows departure from the 10‐6 goal to a maximum of one excess cancer risk in 10,000 (10‐4)

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Nine Balancing Criteria

1. Overall protection of human health and the environment

2. Compliance with Applicable, Relevant and Appropriate Requirements

3. Long‐term effectiveness and permanence4. Reduction of toxicity, mobility, or volume5. Short‐term effectiveness6. Implementability7. Cost8. State acceptance9. Community acceptance

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Actual Cleanup Levels 10‐4 (1/10,000)

↑Application of 9 Balancing Criteria

Cleanup Goals 10‐6  (1/1,000,000)

Superfund Risk Range

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SB 990

• Real limitations that aren’t explicit in law but are implicit in law, policy and practice

– Cannot clean up what is below “background”

– Cannot clean up what you cannot measure

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What is “background?”

• The amount of chemicals and radionuclides that exist in the environment either because they are naturally there (part of the rocks and soil), they are there from natural processes (e.g. fires), or they are there from man‐made activities not related to activities conducted at the site (e.g., fallout)

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What is “background?”

• Nature is a system – it’s not “uniform”– If it was, one sample would be enough

– Because it’s not, we need to take a number of samples and make assumptions

• We use site specific background studies to establish local background levels

• We do not use the mathematical “average;”we use the upper confidence level

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Measuring Contaminants

• Limits on what and how much can be measured– Instruments

– Available laboratory methods

– Interferences

– Costs

– Availability of labs

– Time needed to analyze samples

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Effect of AIPs on SB 990

• Because SB 990 is protective, background and laboratory limits will become likely default standards

• Leap frogs the “balancing” process (the balancing process is used only to justify allowances away from the 10‐6 cleanup goal, but can only go as far as 10‐4)

• The use of background and detection limits will yield a cleanup that is either equivalent to a 10‐4 protectiveness under SB 990 or the best that can be done considering background and laboratory limitations

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Cesium 137

0.21 pCi/g 95% UCL background (McLaren Hart) 2/10,000 excess cancer risk

0.12 pCi/g Upper limit SB 990 1/10,000 (10‐4) excess cancer risk

0.0012 pCi/g EPA Preliminary Remedial Goal  1/1,000,000 (10‐6) excess cancer riskfor Rural Residential (SB 990)

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Strontium 90

0.13 pCi/g Upper limit SB 990 1/10,000 excess cancer risk0.11 pCi/g 95% UCL background (McLaren Hart) 1/10,000 (10‐4) excess cancer risk

0.00139 pCi/g EPA Preliminary Remedial Goal  1/1,000,000 (10‐6)  excess cancer risk

for Rural Residential (SB 990)

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Arsenic

15 mg/kg Background (2005 Background Study)

0.16 mg/kg Upper limit ‐ Draft SB 990 RBSLs 1/10,000 (10‐4) excess cancer risk

0.0016 mg/kg Draft SB 990 RBSLs 1/1,000,000 (10‐6) excess cancer risk

for Rural Residential

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2,3,7,8 TCDD (Dioxin)

5 x 10‐7 mg/kg Background (2005 Background Study)4.7 x 10‐7 mg/kg Upper limit ‐ Draft SB 990 RBSLs 1/10,000 (10‐4) excess cancer risk

4.7 x 10‐9 mg/kg Draft SB 990 RBSLs 1/1,000,000 (10‐6)  excess cancer risk

for Rural Residential

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What will the agreements do?

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Apply to

• DOE: Area IV and Northern Buffer Zone

• NASA: Area II and NASA’s portion of Area I

• Boeing: No (not yet)

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DOE Agreement in Principle

• Overview of DOE’s framework first

• Come back and describe differences with NASA

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Radioactive and Chemical Contaminants

• DOE to clean up radioactive and chemical contaminants to local background concentrations

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Possible exceptions

• Protected species or habitat

• Exceptions subject to DTSC’s oversight and approval:

– Detection limits exceed the local background concentration

– Native American artifacts

– Other unforeseen circumstances to the extent that the cleanup cannot be achieved through technologically feasible measures

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Radionuclide Background Levels

• US EPA to determine local background levels and detection limits for radionuclides (US EPA Radiological Background Study)

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Chemical Background Levels

• DTSC to determine local background levels and detection limits for chemicals (DTSC Chemical Background Study)

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Confirmation Protocol

• Residual concentrations “not to exceed” local background concentrations

• If sample result shows a contaminant above background that is verified, cleanup required

• No averaging high and low values together

• A separate document that describes procedures

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Cleanup to local background means:

• Removal of soils contaminated above local background levels

– No contaminated soils to be “left in place”

– No contaminated soils to be buried or land filled on‐site 

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Backfill/replacement soils

• Backfill or fill dirt not to exceed local background level

– Onsite soils may be used 

– Offsite soils may be used, provided they have been verified

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Disposal of contaminated soils

• Soils contaminated with radioactive contaminants– Licensed low‐level radioactive waste (LLRW) disposal site or an 

authorized LLRW disposal facility at a DOE site

• Soils contaminated with chemical contaminants– Hazardous wastes to licensed Class 1 hazardous waste disposal 

facilities only– Non‐hazardous waste to licensed Class 2 or subtitle D compliant Class 

3 disposal facilities only

• Mixed wastes (with radioactive and hazardous constituents) – Licensed mixed waste disposal site or an authorized mixed waste 

disposal facility at a DOE site

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US EPA Role

USEPA has agreed to:

• Continue with radiologic background study and survey of Area IV and Northern Buffer Zone

• Provide local background values and reporting limits for radionuclides

• Provide “split” samples to DTSC during its Area IV/Northern Buffer Zone soil sampling

• Conduct post cleanup radiation assessment to verify cleanup

• Verify that backfill/replacement soils do not exceed local background

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Data Gaps

• Radioactive contaminants

– Replace RFI documents with new investigation workplans and reports reflecting new data

– U.S.EPA efforts used to determine where onsite levels of radioactive contaminants exceed local background [and where cleanup is required]

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Data Gaps• Chemical contaminants

– Replace RFI documents with new workplans and reports reflecting new data

– DTSC to analyze “splits” of U.S.EPA’s samples from Area IV and Northern Buffer Zone survey work for chemicals

– DTSC to determine where additional chemical contamination is suspected – request more data if needed

– DTSC to determine where onsite levels exceed local background [and where cleanup is required] 

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Risk Assessments

• Risk assessments to determine cleanup levels will not be required– Approach in framework makes them unnecessary

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Contaminant Migration

• DOE to clean up any contiguous offsite contamination that originates from within Area IV – Investigation will follow migration pathways

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Cleanup Workplan(s)

• DOE to develop a “remedial action implementation workplan” (cleanup plan or “Remedial Action Plan”) after studies complete– Workplans to include elements such as soils management and site restoration plans

– Workplan to be available for public review and comment

– Workplan subject to DTSC review and approval

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Anticipated Completion

• Scheduled completion of soils cleanup remains as 2017

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Groundwater

• Investigation and remediation of groundwater to be separately addressed in final agreements

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Regulatory Oversight

• Characterization and cleanup (for both chemicals and radiologic contaminants) of both soils and groundwater are subject to DTSC approval

• U.S.EPA available in a vital technical consultative/advisory role

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Enforceability

• Final agreement between DOE and California to be legally binding and enforceable

• Ensures the cleanup obligations in the agreement(s) will be met

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Funding

• Investigation and cleanup activities to be funded by DOE

• DTSC oversight (and USEPA activities) to be fully funded by DOE.

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Public Process

• DTSC to receive public input regarding the agreement(s)– Includes a formal comment period

– Includes public meetings/discussions.

• Remedial action implementation work plan(s)– Public review and comment prior to DTSC approval

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NASA Agreement in Principle

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Primary Differences

• NASA to focus primarily on chemical contaminants– If radiological contamination is discovered, sampling and disposal plans developed as needed

• No role for US EPA (no ongoing investigation or survey work)

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Primary Differences

• Investigation/chemical data– Continue with investigation activities underway

– DTSC to identify data gaps and direct data gathering

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Primary Differences

• Confirmation sampling protocol to be developed (similar to DOE’s)

• Investigation and cleanup activities to be funded by NASA

• DTSC oversight to be fully funded by NASA

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Next Steps

• Receive public input

• Respond to comments and/or incorporate into agreements as appropriate

• Finalize agreements to make them binding

• Implement

• Continue to work with Boeing to address remainder of the site (Areas I, III and Southern Buffer)

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More information

• Comments by email to: [email protected] by October 1, 2010

• Copies of the AIPs, confirmation protocol and this presentation are located on‐line at http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Santa_Susana_Field_Lab/SSFL‐Agreements.cfm