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Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 1
Aging in TexasDr. Charlie Pruett
Director, Pruett Gerontology Center
Abilene Christian University
Presentation
Highlights
Seven Birth Cohorts
• Swing Generation 1900-1926
• Silent Generation 1927-1945
• Baby Boomers 1946-1964
• Baby Bust 1965-1976
• Echo Boomers 1977-1994
• Millennials 1995-2005
• Generation Z 2006-2016
Why Population Aging?
• Fertility Rate Decline, first reason
• 76 Mil Born (1946-64) The Baby Boomers
• 1958=3.17 Child per Woman
• 1971 to 1980=1.7
Why Population Aging?
• Mortality Rate Declined, second reason
• 1900 Life Expectancy was 47
• 1950 Life Expectancy was 68
• 2000 Life Expectancy was 77
• Today, About 80 female, 77 male.
• 30 years added 1900-2000
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 2
Why Population Aging?
• Immigration Rate is third reason
• Past immigrants were young
• Now growing older
Why is the Population Aging?
• Medical Advancements
• New technologies, early detection practices, artificial
organs
• Health Consciousness Public
• Sanitation and Water Purification/Public Health
• Socioeconomic Status (SES)
• Decline in Mortality Rate and Fertility Rate
The Huffington Post 2014 Photo by A. Collins, 2015
Cohort Populations
(at birth)
Pew Research Center 2016
Baby Boomers: 2012 vs. 2035 vs. 2060
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 3
Age Dependency Ratio
• Due to the vast number of those
in the baby boomer generation,
there will not be enough people
in the younger generations to
financially support the aging
boomers on social security
Elderly Dependency Ratio
•Calculated as the number of persons aged 65
and older by 100 persons age 18-64 still
working
• 65+/Working 18-64
How Will the Baby Boomers Fare?
Photo courtesy of Corey Williams Photo Courtesy of H. Goddard
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 4
Texas Demographics
•What is happening in Texas?
•We are growing Older and Younger at the
Same Time!!!
Texas Demographic Distributions
• Of the 25 Million Texans…
• 4 Million (15%) are over age 60
• 2 Million (7%) are over age 70
• 700,000 (3%) are over age 80
• 64% of the 80+ are female
Agency on Aging 2013
Texas Demographic Center June 2016
Texas Demographic Indicators
• Texas has led the nation in annual population growth since 2006
• Texas has the 3rd largest elderly population
• Our State has 6.7% of nations 65+
• California and Florida have 10.8 and 8.2 percent respectively
• Texas elderly population growing faster than that of the entire U.S.
• Among leading states in racial/ethnic diversity
Agency on Aging 2013
Texas Demographic Center June 2016
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 5
Texas Demographic Indicators
Are Unique in US
• Its share of older population makes the U.S. an old population, whereas Texas is one of the youngest
states.
• By 2030 Aging Baby Boomers will yield 5.9 million or 19.4 % of States Population
• Yet, with adding this number of Elderly, Texas will remain one of the youngest states in the
country.
• Younger workers (families) are powering into Texas due to economic development in gas
extraction facilities and animal production plants.
Agency on Aging 2013
Texas Demographic Center June 2016
Agency on Aging 2013
Texas Demographic Center June 2016
Texas Demographic Distributions
• Of the 25 Million Texans…
• 4 Million (15%) are over age 60
• 2 Million (7%) are over age 70
• 700,000 (3%) are over age 80
• 64% of the 80+ are female
• Texas has the 3rd largest elderly population
• Growing faster than that of the entire U.S.
Agency on Aging 2013
Texas Demographic Center June 2016
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 6
Gender Distribution and Life Expectancy
• In the U.S. • In Texas
* Over the Past decade, men have begun to close the age
gap of life expectancy in both the U.S. and Texas
The Dallas Morning News 2011
Texas Almanac 2013
• Male: 75.8 Years in
2013
• Female: 80.7 Years in
2013
Love and Marriage
• Of Texans age 60+…
• 59% are married
• 22% are widowed
• 15% are divorced/separated
• 4% never married
• 22% of Texans age 60+ are living alone while the majority live with family or loved ones
US Census 2010 and Texas State Data Center, University of Texas at San Antonio, Photo courtesy of Addie Rich
• In the U.S.
Aging Minorities in Texas
• Minorities make up 34% of the
60+ population in Texas
• 25% of these Texans speak a
language other than English
• As this number continues to rise,
there will be an increased need for
language services
US Census 2010 and Texas State Data Center, University of Texas at San Antonio, Photo courtesy of E. Greene
Aging Minorities in Texas
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 7
Where Do Elderly Texans Live?
• 83% of Texans 60+ are living in one of
the 77 metro counties of Texas
• 17% are living in one of the 177 rural
counties of Texas
• Less than 1% are living in what is referred
to as ‘frontier counties’ (less than 7 people
per sq. mile)
US Census 2010 and Texas State Data Center, University of Texas at San Antonio
Area Agencies
on Aging in
Texas
Income for Aging Americans
• The median annual income for homes headed by a person 65+ = $48,538
Administration on Aging 2012
Income for Aging Texans
• 1 in every 7 Texans receives Social Security
• In 2012, the average annual Texan income
from Social Security was $14,428
• In 2014, 50% of the 65+ population
brought in less than $22,248 in yearly
income.
AARP Social Security Texas Quick Facts 2014
Pension Rights Center 2014
Demographic
Unit Type
Income Year
Individuals $22,248 2014
Households $36,895 2014
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 8
Poverty for Elderly Americans
• In 2011 a great percentage of aging
American were living in poverty
• There was also an above average
percentage of elderly in poverty in
• Major cities (11.7%)
• The South (10.1%).
Administration on Aging 2012
Poverty for Elderly in Texas
• 11% of Texans age 60+ have incomes below the poverty level
• 11% have incomes within 150% of the poverty level
• 71% are not working
• 29% are in the labor force
• Social Security has managed to raise 41% of Texans above the poverty line
American Community Survey 2008-12
AARP Social Security Texas Quick Facts 2014
Retirement
• The average age of retirement today = 62 (women) 64 (men)
• These numbers have each risen by 2 years since the mid 1990’s
• 60% of retirees retired earlier than they had planned
• Only 12% of these retired because they had sufficient funds to quit working
• 27% retired because there were too many ‘organizational’ changes in their workplace
• 27% because of illness
• 26% were fired from their jobs
• The average American retires with $57,000 in retirement savings, but will pay more than $200,000 in medical expenses over the remainder of their life
The Motley Fool 2016
US News and World Report 2011
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 9
Why is the Retirement Age Increasing?
• Fewer workplace benefits
• Increased longevity and advanced medical technology
• Social Security changes
• Will there be enough to cover the influx of aging baby boomers?
• Working Wives
• Historically, wives have facilitated their husband’s retirement plans
• If wives do not retire, their husbands will not either
US News and World Report 2011
Family Structure
• Families were once
structured as a pyramid
with fewer generations
living at one time, but
more younger to help
Pyramid Model of Family
Generation Two
Generation Three Generation Three Generation Three Generation Three
Generation Two Generation Two
Generation One
Family Structure Today
• Today, the family structure is
more like a ‘beanpole’.
• Families now have more
than three generations alive
in one time, and younger
generations are having fewer
children to support the older
generations
Bean Pole
GenerationThree
Generation Two
Generation Five
Generation Four
Generation Three
Generation Two
Generation One
‘Grandfamilies’
• In the U.S. toady, 58 million children are living in a grandparent’s home
• 1 million of these children have a grandparent as their sole caretaker
• 33% of these grandparents are over 60 years of age
• 20% of these ‘grandfamilies’ live below the poverty line
• Many of these grandparents also come out of retirement in order to provide financially for their grandchildren
AARP “Grandfacts” 2015; AARP 2010; Photo Courtesy of Katie King
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 10
Health In Aging
• Most elderly American has at least one diagnosed illness or condition
• In 2011, the most common illnesses among American age 65+ were…
• Diagnosed arthritis
• All types of heart disease
• Cancers
• Diagnosed diabetes
• Hypertension
Administration on Aging 2012; Photo courtesy of S. Long
Health in Aging
• Only 9% of elderly American report that they are still smoking
• Only 6% reported that they heavily consume alcohol
• Only 2% reported experiencing psychological stress during the past month
• 45% of Americans age 65-74 and 29% of Americans age 75+ report engaging in leisure-like physical activities
Administration on Aging 2012
Family Caregiving
• 56% of family caregivers are caring for a spouse
• There is often a sense of frustration when caring for an aging spouse
because of the potential for role reversal in the home
• A feeling of disconnect between the spouses can often lead to marital difficulty
Caregivers 2012
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy 2016
Elder Abuse
• 1 in 10 Americans age 60+ will experience some form of elder abuse
• Elder abuse comes in many different forms…
• Physical, sexual, emotional, confinement, passive neglect, willful deprivation and financial exploitation
• The #1 cause of elder abuse today, is caregiver stress
• 90% of abusers are family members
• Two-Thirds of these abusers are the elderly person’s child or spouse
National Council on Aging
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 11
Effects of Elder Abuse
• Abused elderly have a 300% increased risk of death when compared to
those who were not mistreated
• Each year, elderly Americans lose $2.9 million due to financial exploitation
from a caretaker
Issues From Demographics
• Family
• Multigenerational caregiving: less young to help
• Grandparents raising grandchildren: legal issues, parenting style
• Education of religious organization
• Crime and the Elderly
• Telephone scams
• Elder Abuse
• Health Service Equity: Service seeking behavior
Issues From Demographics
• Senior Centers and Baby Boomers???
• Serving Senior or “Serving Seniors”
• Getting Older Texas Up and Moving
Sources• http://www.aoa.gov/AoA_Programs/HPW/Behavioral/docs2/Texas.pdf
• http://demographics.texas.gov/Resources/publications/2016/2016_06_07_Aging.pdf
• http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/dallas/headlines/20111130-elderly-population-up-sharply-in-u.s.--with-younger-texas-lagging-behind.ece
• https://www.dads.state.tx.us/news_info/publications/planning/stateplanonaging/2015-2017/attachmentd.html
• http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/general/2014/ssqf/Social-Security-2014-Texas-Quick-Facts-AARP-res-gen.pdf
• http://www.pensionrights.org/publications/statistic/income-today%E2%80%99s-older-adults
• http://time.com/money/4266111/retirement-crisis-worse-average-americans/
• http://www.fool.com/retirement/general/2016/01/31/heres-the-typical-americans-retirement-age-how-wil.aspx
• http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/planning-to-retire/2011/08/17/average-retirement-age-grows
• http://www.aarp.org/relationships/friends-family/grandfacts-sheets/
• http://www.aarp.org/relationships/grandparenting/info-12-2010/more_grandparents_raising_grandchildren.html
• http://www.caregivers.com/blog/2012/07/caregiver-to-your-spouse/
• https://www.aamft.org/iMIS15/AAMFT/Content/consumer_updates/caregiving_for_the_elderly.aspx
• All Photos courtesy of Images of Aging Photo Contest submissions by ACU students.
Dr. Charlie Pruett Aging in Texas: Presentation Highlights September 16, 2016
Pruett Gerontology Center [email protected] 12
• http://texasalmanac.com/topics/science/life-expectancy-texans-group
• http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/25/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers/
• http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-zhavoronkov/13-reasons-why-we-will-li_b_3519357.html
• http://www.aoa.gov/Aging_Statistics/Profile/2012/docs/2012profile.pdf
• https://www.ncoa.org/public-policy-action/elder-justice/elder-abuse-facts/
• http://topmedicalassistantprograms.org/elder-abuse-prevention-guide/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsEsQwcfb5s
• https://iue.libanswers.com/data/answers/files/161233/Disparities_in_Health_Care.pdf
• http://www.alz.org/Resources/Diversity/downloads/GEN_EDU-10steps.pdf
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsEsQwcfb5s&feature=youtu.be
Sources, (con’t)
For More Information on
Issues in Aging or to have Dr.
Pruett visit your organization,
please contact the Pruett
Gerontology Center
325-674-2350