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Agile Development

Introduction to SCRUM

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Agile software development

Agile software development (ASD) is a methodology thatemphasizes the need for flexibility and practicality into thedelivery of the finished product. Examples of agile methods

include Extreme Programming (XP) and Scrum.

Agile software development focuses on keeping code simple,testing often, and delivering functional bits of the applicationas soon as they're ready

The goal of ASD is to build upon small client-approved parts asthe project progresses, as opposed to delivering one largeapplication at the end of the project.

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Why Agile

Preference to Individuals and interactions over

processes and tools

Working software over comprehensive

Documentation

Customer collaboration over contract

Negotiation

Responding to change over following a

plan

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SCRUM

Scrum is an agile, lightweight process to manage and controldevelopment work

Scrum is a wrapper for existing engineering practices thatiteratively and incrementally develop system products whenrequirements are rapidly changing

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Why SCRUM

Scrum is a process that controls the chaos of conflictinginterests and needs

Scrum is a way to improve communications and maximize co-operation

Scrum is scalable from single projects to entire organizations

Thats the reason companies like IBM, Microsoft and Xeroxsuccessfully address the failings of software developmentProcess through SCRUM

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SCRUM Terminology

Scrum is based on what is called a Sprint a focused effortfor a 30-day period toward fixed goals.

A Product Owner compiles all the changes planned for the

product and prioritizes the possible functionalities.

The result of the Product Owners work is a Product Backlog a to-do list that is constantly reprioritized.

Before each Sprint, the highest prioritized goals aretransferred to a Sprint Backlog.

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SCRUM Terminology

Together with a user, the project members form a ScrumTeam consisting of 59 people. During discussions with theProduct Owner, the goal of the Sprint is determined and theprioritized functionality is broken down into detailed tasks. Theteam is self-organized and the members have a jointresponsibility for the results.

The Scrum Master coaches the development team, removesany possible impediments and constantly works to ensure thatthe team has the best possible circumstances for realizing thegoals fixed for the Sprint.

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How Does SCRUM Work

Small teams (< 10 people)

A series of Sprints (1 - 4 weeks)

Visible, usable increments

Time-boxed

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Sprint Rules

Total focusno unwanted diversion

NO interruptions/changes from the outside

New work may be uncovered by the team

Very XP-ish [Concepts of Extreme programming if

required ]

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What Happens During a Sprint?

Frequent, short Scrum Meetings

Each team produces a visible, usable increment

Each increment builds on prior increments

Clearly defined deliverables and responsibilities

Each team member buys into the assignment

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Whats a Scrum Meeting?

Short (15 - 30 min) frequent meetings, facilitated by theScrum Master

All team members attendeven teleworkers

One activity Scrum Master asks each attendee 3 questions

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3 Questions

1. What have you completed (relative to the Backlog) since the lastScrum meeting?

2. What got in your way of completing this work?

3. What will you do between now and the next Scrum meeting?

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End of a Sprint

Status meeting with all stakeholders.

Increments are delivered.

Surprises are reported.

ANYTHING can be changed, work can be added, eliminated, re-prioritized.

New estimates and team assignments are made for the nextSprint.

The Sprint/project can be cancelled.

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Common Questions and Answers

Where does the word Scrum come from?

Scrum is a rugby term for the close-knit shoulder-to-shoulder

formation a rugby team forms to jointly move the ballforward.The word was first used by Takeuchi and Nonaka in afamous article published in the Harvard Business Review inwhich they described the most successful product developmentprojects in Japan.

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How do you start?

A common way of starting is to send one or more people on a

course to become a certified Scrum Master. Many companiesoffer these types of courses nowadays.

Another alternative is to start a pilot project and let someonewith experience from a previous Scrum project serve asmentor for the Team, Scrum Master and Product Owner.

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How does Scrum and CM [Configuration Management]

mix?

Well functioning CM routines are needed in a Scrum project,

but normally there is no dedicated CM role. The operative CMprocess is handled by the self-organized development team.To slim the CM process, continuous integration and automatictests are used to automate as much as possible.

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