Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Activity: Superbugs Extra Credit

Homework:• No Homework Tonight!• Buckle Down Test Tomorrow

4/21/2015!• Bring your review packets!!

Monday 4/20/2015

Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Activity: Buckle Down Exam

Homework:• Virus Most Wanted Poster due

Friday April 24th for 45 Points

Tuesday 4/21/2015

Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Notes: Viral Diseases• Video: “Superflu” and Questions• Video: HIV and Discussion Questions• Activity: HIV Coloring Sheet with

Questions• Activity: Pop Quiz

Homework:• Virus and Bacteria Growth Data Sheet

Wednesday/Thursday 4/22-4/23/2015

Viruses that leads to a disease = pathogen

Diseases caused by viruses have been feared for many years. The most lethal, influenza virus: “flu.” Influenza virus infects cells of the upper respiratory tract.• From 1918 – 1919, ~22 million

American & European deaths from the Spanish flu

*Influenza virus spread world wide within 2 years.

Viral Diseases

Viruses can also lead to cancerPathogen examples…

Viral Diseases

•Hepatitis B (Liver Cancer)

•Epstein-Barr virus (Burkitts Lymphoma)

•Human papilloma virus A.K.A “HPV” ( Cervical cancer, Throat cancer, Vaginal cancer and Penile cancer)

•Human Immunodeficiency Virus A.K.A. “HIV” (Skin cancer, Oral cancer, lung cancer, etc.)

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=viral+diseases+list&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=mslT1oigRDwEgM&tbnid=KTPR3i5UU8CEeM:&ved=&url=http://kilby.sac.on.ca/faculty/dgalajda/enviro/health.htm&ei=F9FqUcuNGsfniALe7YGgCg&bvm=bv.45175338,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNH4oY4iGLwFrWLyyRDQEGExqhFtNQ&ust=1366041239664862

Emerging viruses• Emerging viruses: Newly recognized

viruses appearing or spreading in a new area.

1. West Nile Virus: 1999, spread across the United States. Likely result of an infected bird from overseas. Common in Africa, E. Europe, W. Asia

2. Hantavirus: Common in south west United States. Result of infected rodent droppings. Causes lethal illness; 38% of infected humans die

Examples…

Virus & BacteriaData Homework

West Nile VirusQ. What are the symptoms of West Nile virus (WNV) infection?

A. Infection with WNV can be asymptomtic (no symptoms), or can lead to West Nile fever or severe West Nile disease.

• 20% of people who become infected with WNV will develop West Nile fever. Symptoms: fever, headache, tiredness, and body aches, skin rash (on the trunk of the body) and swollen lymph glands. While the illness can be as short as a few days, even healthy people have reported being sick for several weeks.

• The symptoms of severe disease (also called neuroinvasive disease, such as West Nile encephalitis or meningitis) include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, and paralysis. 1 in 150 persons infected with the West Nile virus will develop a severe form of disease. Serious illness can occur in people of any age, however people over age 50 are at the highest risk.

• 4 out of 5 people who are infected with West Nile virus will be asymptomatic, however you cannot know ahead of time if you'll get sick or not when infected.

Q. What is the incubation period in humans (i.e., time from infection to onset of disease symptoms) for West Nile disease?A. Usually 2 to 15 days.

Q. How long do symptoms last?A. Symptoms of West Nile fever will generally last a few days, although even some healthy people report having the illness last for several weeks. The symptoms of severe disease (encephalitis or meningitis) may last several weeks, although neurological effects may be permanent.

HantavirusSigns & Symptoms for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)• Due to the small number of HPS cases, the "incubation time" is not

positively known. However, on the basis of limited information, it appears that symptoms may develop between 1 and 5 weeks after exposure to fresh urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents.

Early Symptoms• Early symptoms include fatigue, fever and muscle aches, especially in the

large muscle groups—thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. These symptoms are universal.

• There may also be headaches, dizziness, chills, and abdominal problems, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. About half of all HPS patients experience these symptoms.

Late Symptoms• Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS

appear. These include coughing and shortness of breath, with the sensation of, as one survivor put it, a "...tight band around my chest and a pillow over my face" as the lungs fill with fluid.

Is the Disease Fatal?• Yes. HPS can be fatal. It has a mortality rate of 38%.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=hantavirus&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=5h8TwracD75N_M&tbnid=paqbdCSDLu41sM:&ved=&url=http://www.infectionlandscapes.org/2012/09/hantaviruses.html&ei=fgtrUe3mCYO0iQKyhYDwDQ&bvm=bv.45175338,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNE1BPDPw-1uo0ZzBqTlG9urdxN1xg&ust=1366056190390574

HIV Statistics

Bubonic Plague

What is rabies? What does it do?• Reading

Structure of HIV- SphericalHIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus leads to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and many cancers• Viral envelope is made up of a lipid bilayer;

surface is made up of glycoproteins.

• In the envelope is a capsid which holds the viral genetic material (RNA)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gGEU6vw4J0

How HIV Infects Cells: Analysis

1. What is the function of the lipid membrane?2. What is the function of the envelope

membrane?3. What is reverse transcriptase? What does it

do?4. Why is it difficult for virologist to develop

vaccines for a retro virus?5. What happens to T Helper Cells?

Virus: Most Wanted ActivityDUE: Monday, April 22nd • Each student will select one virus (from list)• Create a “most wanted” poster based on the viruses

“profile”• No computer lab time • Homework category: 40%• Create and present Most Wanted poster

Virus: Most Wanted ListAcute Infantile Gastroenteritis Hand/foot/mouth disease Smallpox

Crimean Congo Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome West Nile Fever

Chickenpox Cytomegalovirus Yellow Fever

Common Cold Measles German

Common Warts Monkeypox Shingles

Cowpox Mononucleosis Norwalk

Machupo virus Mumps Lassa virus

Dengue Fever Poliomyelitis Ross River Fever

Ebola Rabies Human rhinovirus

Fifth’s Disease SARS Arenavirus

Sporotrichosis Rickettsia typhi