Agenda: A “Virtual Reality”

Virtualisation: Why and What it is?1

9.15 am Virtualisation, What is it and Why is it?Rob Lovell (SWsoft)

10.00 am Citrix/Application Virtualisation Fraser Kyne (Citrix)

10.30 am Hardware, Intel and VirtualisationDimitrios Ziakas (Intel)

11.00 am Coffee Break

11.15 am Virtuozzo 3.5.1 Live Demonstration Paul Martin (SWsoft)

11.45 am Underlying Technologies, and Reducing the riskAndy Bailey (Stratus)

12.15 pm Policy Based Orchestration & AutomationDuncan Johnston Watt (Enigmatec)

12.30 pm Close

Agenda: A “Virtual Reality”

Virtualisation:Why and What It Is?A “Virtual Reality”Rob Lovell, Managing Director


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• Headquartered in Herndon, VA Offices in USA, Europe and Asia

• Privately funded, strong financials Fastest Growing Virtualisation Technology - 98% In ’05 170+% growth, Funding from by Bessemer, Insight and Intel Profitable 8% Market Share of i386 Virtualised Environments

• Expert team 600+400+ Top-notch engineers

Organic Hiring Strategy Alexey Kuznetsov, TCP/IP in Linux 40+ patents pending

• Successfully expanding to Enterprise Market Market leader position in the ISP/Telco space

SWsoft Corporate Overview and Growth


"Any problem in computer science can be solved with another layer of indirection. But that usually will create another problem"

David WheelerComputer Scientist

Epigraph


• History and Problems of Commodity Architectures Virtualisation defined and its benefits

• Virtualisation for Production Workloads and more Hardware partitioning Virtual Machine Monitors More on VMM - what is Hypervisor; Paravirtualisation; Intel VT and AMD SVM OS Virtualisation Distributed Virtualisation Application Virtualisation and more

• Why Tools, Automation and Resource Management

• Virtualisation effect on IT Does it benefit desktops? How it changes IT industry and its revenues? Could Virtualisation enable outsourcing?

• Summary and Short Q&A

Agenda


1000s of Specialised Servers

• High cost• Hard to automate• Low flexibility• Low Service Levels

Management Costs

Software Costs

Hardware Costs

IDC Costs

Operating Systems History and Today

• Per Applications or User Group• Separately provisioned• Separately managed• Poorly utilised <10%

• Single Task Single User• Multi-Task Single User• Multi-Task, Multi-User• One-to-one Environment-to-

box

Inefficient IT Infrastructure

OS

Ap

p 1

Ap

p 2

Ap

p 3

use

r

use

r

use

r

superuser

Ap

p 4

use

r

use

r

Gartner estimate “Intel servers running at 10 to 15 percent utilisation are common.”November 2004: Predicts 2004: Server Virtualisation Evolves Rapidly

Problems of Commodity Architecture


“…Virtualization is a framework or methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments...”

http://www.kernelthread.com/publications/virtualization/

Virtualisation – Braking One-to-One Relationship


• Cut Cost On Management, Hardware, Infrastructure, Power and Software

• Get More out of the Existing Infrastructure Assets Hardware, Power Capacity, DC Floor Space, Routers, SAN, IT Staff, etc

• Improve Flexibility of IT Infrastructure Dynamic resource allocation to meet application or business unit needs Abstract from hardware and other fixed assets, easy capacity planning

• Improve Availability at Lower Cost Reduce or eliminate downtime for upgrades and updates Faster Backup/Recovery in case of Hardware and Software Failures Much easier configuration of clustering or HA deployments

• Enable Much Easier Automation and Management Reduce Time, Simplify and Improve Reliability of Provisioning, Patch Management,

Configuration Changes, Backup, Security, Audit and Compliance Enable Self-Management, Delegation, Usage Accounting and Chargeback's

Virtualisation: Simply Better IT Management Model


• Hardware Partitioning

• Virtualisation of Hardware Virtual Machine Monitors (VMM) Hypervisor architecture – how it improves VMM ParaVirtualisation - what is it on top of Hypervisor Hardware ParaVirtualisation

• Virtualisation of Operating System

• Distributed Virtualisation

• Application Virtualisation Other types of Virtualisation, relevant and not

Current Partitioning and Virtualisation


• Defined Accomplished on the hardware and chipset level Control monitor software (BIOS is controlling partitioning) Enables multiple different OSs to run natively

• Examples Various IBM machines, Sun, HP, Unisys and more

• Advantages Very Strong (too?) isolation , native performance/scalability

• Disadvantages Expensive by nature – special chipsets, high-end hardware Relatively static, many OSs to manage In many cases effectively looks somehow like rack of blade servers

Hardware Partitioning


• Defined Virtualises access to hardware,

creates “standard” virtual hardware There is Host OS and each guest

has full standard OS VMM does switching, virtualises hardware

and solves virtualisation problems

• Examples VMware Server, Microsoft Virtual Server,

Parallels

• Advantages Good isolation, different OS on the

same box, Broad OS support, good resemblance of separate computer

• Disadvantages Low manageability – effectively almost as many servers/OS Performance, especially I/O overhead, double caching Scalability overhead, limited SMP, data locality/coherency optimisations void Lots of duplication on disk and in memory > low density

• Can engineering perform miracles?

Proprietary or Standard OS

Exec. Env. #1

Guest OS

Exec. Env. #3

Guest OS

Exec. Env. #2

Guest OS

Virtual Machine Monitor

Hardware

Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware

Virtual Machine Monitors


• Defined Quicker and more optimised than the simple

VMM No switching in VMM as the Hypervisor runs

at higher privilege level Hypervisor becomes a proprietary OS to

manage virtual servers

• Examples VMware ESX, XEN and Parallels

• Advantages Better performance, higher efficiency through

“thin”, more security and isolation

• Disadvantages Proprietary main OS to depend on –

hardware2 support, security As performance gets optimised “thin”

becomes “thick” I/O overhead is still significant,

caching/locality/coherency issues still exist

Exec. Env. #1

Guest OS

Main OS

ModifiedDrivers

Exec. Env. #2

Guest OS

Exec. Env. #3

Guest OS


Hypervisor

Hardware

Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware

More on VMM – “Hypervisor” – New OS


• Defined Recompiles the guess OS to optoimise for

Virtual infrastructure Takes out x86 unsafe instructions ParaVirtualisation (UML, XEN) simply

replaces them in the guest kernel source and -> ParaVirtualisation simply rewrites device drivers and more in Guest and main OS

• Second: I/O and memory still not ready to be virtualised

VMware, MSFT, Parallels solve this through smart and complex binary compatible ways – VMware Tools = Drivers for main and host OS

• Advantages Better performance, better efficiency, nicer

looking architecture No need to solve virtualisation problems in

VMM anymore

• Disadvantages Recompiled Guest OS potentially behaves

differently with applications, especially performance-wise and must be separately optimised and certified

Does not really solve density, manageability, management or scalability problems

Standards war on “paravirtalisation API proposals”

Exec. Env. #1

Modified Guest OS

Exec. Env. #2

Modified Guest OS

Exec. Env. #3

Modified Guest OS


Hardware

Virtual Hardware Virtual HardwareVirtual Hardware

Main OS

Para ModifiedDrivers

Hypervisor

ParaVirtualisation (demystified)


• Defined Hardware that is “virtual aware” First: no unsafe instructions

▪ No more of a problem▪ Note: Still could not be used directly,

optimised implementations are needed Second: I/O and memory are now virtualiseable

▪ F.e. DMA tables could be partitioned▪ With device vendors support “virtualised”

devices could be created to be dedicated to individual VMs with little overhead

• Examples Intel VT and AMD SVM

• Advantages Much easier to develop more even thinner, scalable and better performing VMM (only virtual

hardware), as well as hardware protected light-weight Hypervisor so newcomers like Parallels are on the market – no virtualisation problems to solve

XEN can now run Windows

• Disadvantage Disables live migration Does not eliminate the need for Virtualisation (VMM) or Hypervisor software Does not solve all of hardware virtualisation problems, only helps I/O Still double-cache problems exist etc

Exec. Env. #1

Standrd Guest OS

Main OS

Exec. Env. #2

Standard Guest OS

Exec. Env. #3

Standard Guest OS

Hypervisor


Hardware

Virtual HardwareVirtual Hardware Virtual Hardware

Hardware Paravirtualisaiton


• Defined Virtualises access to the Operating

System Single, standard OS kernel (drivers and low

level OS services) are running on each computer

Each Environment sees its own “virtual OS” instance/objects andbehaves as separate computer

• Examples SWsoft Virtuozzo, Sun Solaris

Containers/Zones

• Advantages Excellent Manageability, no OS/APP sprawl Faster management operations Highest density, full native scalability and performance Lightweight enough for number of unique scenarios

• Disadvantages Same low level kernel services No Windows on Linux or Linux on Windows (but multiple distributions are possible)

• Engineering has performed miracles!?

Operating System Virtualisation

Host OS

Exec.Env. #1

Exec.Env. #2

Exec.Env. #3

Exec.Env. #4

Exec.Env. #5

Hardware

OS Virtualisation


• Performance Most Efficient Form of Virtualisation management of the OS Intelligent Partitioning Intensive Applications like Oracle, Citrix, SQL Native IO performance

• Density Light container technology Small Footprint Performance Management tools to mass-manage your

entire infrastructure

• Agility and DR Create and manage servers/applications in

seconds Provide resources and take them away on the

fly. Move around applications and servers with no

interruption to get best possible utilisation Backup and clone environments, have them

running in seconds even after lights-out

What Benefits does OS have


• Defined Abstracting resources group of computers and creating something resembling “single

image” execution environment across of them

• Examples Initial positioning of Virtual Iron, variety of grid computing vendors Now several vendors like 3tera which try to combine two approaches for better

manageability and flexibility, as well as combine them with clustering

• Advantages Enables single environment to scale more then resources of any single server Could improve availability and balance resources more equally

• Disadvantages Most of applications need to be specially changed/designed and some could not be Significantly more complex programming model when rewrite is needed Difficult and “unusual” to administer Typically require expensive low-latency connectivity hardware (Infiniband)

• Connectivity is improving slower then single box CPU power - with multi-core CPU SMP boxes would distributed virtualisation be broadly needed?

Distributed Virtualisation


• Defined Virtualises single application environment

• Examples Softricity (Microsoft), Citrix, Altiris

• Advantages/Benefits Enables you to run several versions or instances of the same application on the same

hardware Enables you to run application anywhere without installing or configuring it – install

applications on USER, not on the computer

• Not really the same category as above• Other “Virtualisation”

Storage and Network Virtualisation Java, .NET, other and distributed arch. (Google does not need Virtualisation!) Numerous hardware and API/ABI emulators and simulators Denali, Disco, ExoKernel, Nemesis, Inferno – research projects (cool names)

Application Virtualisation and More


What are the issues • No physical interfaces in Virtual World

Lots of things in physical infrastructure are taken for granted

• Virtualisation creates a “too flexible” infrastructure? Management tools are mandatory

How are they Solved?• Lots of underutilised servers

And Operating Systems, and Applications, and Users Key word - lots Virtualisation increases utilisation and enables automation Automation and Integration is needed!

• Resource Management is now possible Hardware is virtualised and uniform Still Service Level Management needs to be done somehow Barrier, share, maximum, guarantee, burstable, affinity, plan, Configure, Enforce, Control, Monitor,

Account, Report, Balance, complex policies, live migration, fairness, dynamic, real-time

Back to Indirection,?


• Enable easy desktop management Server based desktops accessible from any device (home, work, mobile) Dramatically easier recovery/restore procedures, enable true remote management,

instantaneous provisioning Improve/unify update management Share single desktop more safely

• Enhance security Isolate (hardware protect) dangerous applications or uses

• Access a different SKU Run Windows application on Mac, Linux on Windows – more choice for the user, less

OS to support for the application vendors

• In order to become truly useful must be very easy and must not require any sacrifice

3d games and many other applications require 100% (+++) performance Management should not be harder with its implementation

How Virtualisation Benefit Desktops?


• How does it affect vendor revenues Would this mean less or more infrastructure needed? Would this mean less or more hardware needed? Would this mean less or more software licenses needed? Would this mean less or more IT people needed?

• Example: software licensing Was per physical unit (CPU, socket, user, device) Now per virtual environment/unit is attempted – is it wrong??? Complex – migration, dynamic resource reallocations, non-started licenses OS Virtualisation – single OS is installed, registered, on disk, started and running – just

more isolation – why pay more? New licensing is needed, licensing should not hold up the usage

• Virtualisation makes IT more useful Should mean that IT budgets are be increased, not decreased Example: 10,000 servers can create 2-5x more VE/VMs

Virtualisation Effect on the IT Industry


• Virtualisation “side effects” Enables oversell Make hardware uniform and reusable Enables fine-grain delegation Enables full remote management Decreases costs of achieving measurable high-security

• Server consolidation projects create in-house service providers

Single consolidated datacenter Departments/business units are “customers” Usage accounting, chargeback's required

• With high speed secure external networks Would this mean outsourced Utility Computing Of course lots of tools and core features to add

Could Virtualisation Enable True Outsourcing?


• Hyped-up space Filter the virtualisation noise There are many different and complimentary types and products Some are not real today and for all there is lots of work to do

• Virtualisation is real and will be everywhere ButlerGroup predict “Virtualisation will increase from 7% of i386 servers to 70%” Every new idea is a forgotten old idea Just natural evolution related to increased IT usage and computer power Much more then just consolidation and cost savings (even embedded/mobile) At the end it makes IT more efficient and enables outsourcing Could and would dramatically change IT competitive landscape

• Will Virtualisation be part of the Operating Systems and Hardware?

Certainly not all of it and most certainly not for 5-10 years

• The presentation is just my opinion

Summary


Thank you… Any questions?

Rob Lovell

[email protected]

Agenda: A “Virtual Reality”

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