AGE OF EXPLORATIONAGE OF EXPLORATION

WHY EXPLORE??WHY EXPLORE??

Silks, jewels, and Silks, jewels, and spices and other spices and other Asian goods from Asian goods from China, India, and China, India, and IndonesiaIndonesia

Other Reasons to Other Reasons to ExploreExplore

Overland trade routes become Overland trade routes become dangerous. (The Middle East)dangerous. (The Middle East)

SPREAD THE CHRISTIAN FAITH AND SPREAD THE CHRISTIAN FAITH AND THE WORD OF GODTHE WORD OF GOD

GOD---GOLD---GLORYGOD---GOLD---GLORY

New Inventions made New Inventions made exploration possible.exploration possible.

Maps: CARTOGRAPHERSMaps: CARTOGRAPHERSMap-makers became more Map-makers became more accurate with the use of the accurate with the use of the grid system of map references grid system of map references based on Longitude and based on Longitude and Latitude.Latitude.

Longitude and LatitudeLongitude and Latitude

Longitude - distance Longitude - distance east or west of the Prime east or west of the Prime Meridian.Meridian.

Latitude - distance Latitude - distance north or south of the north or south of the equator.equator.

NavigationNavigationCompass is a Compass is a

device used to device used to determine determine geographical geographical direction.direction.

REMEMBER REMEMBER NORTH IS NOT NORTH IS NOT UP!!!UP!!!

Other Navigation Other Navigation InventionsInventions

Astrolabe was a Astrolabe was a device used to device used to determine the determine the altitude of the altitude of the sun or other sun or other heavenly heavenly bodies.bodies.

ShipsShipsCaravel - ships Caravel - ships

that were that were faster and faster and sturdier than sturdier than previous ocean previous ocean sailing ships sailing ships were built.were built.

Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator

Early Famous ExplorersEarly Famous Explorers

Prince Henry Prince Henry the the Navigator Navigator (1394-1460)(1394-1460)

Patron of Patron of Portuguese Portuguese exploration.exploration.

Sent several Sent several expeditions down expeditions down the west coast of the west coast of AfricaAfrica..

Established Established schools for schools for navigators in 1450navigators in 1450..

Bartholomeu DiasBartholomeu Dias

Bartholomeu DiasBartholomeu Dias

Portuguese navigator who Portuguese navigator who discover the tip of South discover the tip of South Africa.Africa.

Named the tip the “Cape of Named the tip the “Cape of Good Hope”.Good Hope”.

Set the stage for explorers to Set the stage for explorers to follow him to reach India by follow him to reach India by sea.sea.

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Christopher ColumbusChristopher ColumbusSecured support from the Secured support from the

Spanish Monarchs. Spanish Monarchs. (Isabelle & Ferdinand)(Isabelle & Ferdinand)

First to explore uncharted First to explore uncharted seas to the west. **VIKINGS**seas to the west. **VIKINGS**

First European to discover First European to discover the “New World” in 1492.the “New World” in 1492.

Arrived 300,000 Arawaks-6 Arrived 300,000 Arawaks-6 years later 500years later 500

Vasco de GamaVasco de Gama

Vasco de GamaVasco de GamaFollowed Dias’ route around Followed Dias’ route around

South Africa and continued South Africa and continued sailing along the other side of sailing along the other side of the African Continent toward the African Continent toward India.India.

Opened the way for Opened the way for Portuguese trade routes to Portuguese trade routes to east Indies.east Indies.

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

Portuguese explorer who led Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the first circumnavigation of the earth by sea for Spain.the earth by sea for Spain.

Dies before voyage is Dies before voyage is completecomplete

Discovered the Strait of Discovered the Strait of Magellan in South America.Magellan in South America.

SpainSpainSpain begins very early Spain begins very early on to settle and create on to settle and create new colonies new colonies

Viceroys: Viceroys: Spanish Spanish governors of colonies governors of colonies that were appointed by that were appointed by the King.the King.

Portugal and Portugal and SpainSpain

Colonization of the New WorldColonization of the New WorldTreaty of Toresillas: Also Treaty of Toresillas: Also

called the LINE OF called the LINE OF DEMARCATIONDEMARCATION

Portugal main interest was in Portugal main interest was in Africa and Asia.Africa and Asia.

Portugal colonizes BrazilPortugal colonizes Brazil..

Spain’s Main GoalsSpain’s Main Goals

Acquire WealthAcquire WealthConversion of Conversion of Native Americans Native Americans to Christianityto Christianity

Francis DrakeFrancis DrakeFirst Englishmen to First Englishmen to sail around the world.sail around the world.

Claimed parts of East Claimed parts of East and West coast of U.S. and West coast of U.S. for Great Britain.for Great Britain.

Leader of Seadogs.Leader of Seadogs.

French Explorers.French Explorers.Robert La SalleRobert La SalleDiscovered the Discovered the Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

Founded New Founded New OrleansOrleans..

Other Important ExplorersOther Important Explorers

La Salle: Claimed Mississippi for La Salle: Claimed Mississippi for FranceFrance

Sir Francis Drake: Captain of the Sir Francis Drake: Captain of the Sea Dogs Sea Dogs

Hernan Cortez: Conquistador that Hernan Cortez: Conquistador that conquered the Aztecsconquered the Aztecs

Francisco Pizzaro: Conquistador Francisco Pizzaro: Conquistador that conquered the Incas that conquered the Incas

Henry Hudson: Founded New YorkHenry Hudson: Founded New York

John Cabot: Explored modern day John Cabot: Explored modern day NewfoundlandNewfoundland

Pedro Cabral: Discovered BrazilPedro Cabral: Discovered BrazilHernando de Soto: Discovered the Hernando de Soto: Discovered the

Mississippi RiverMississippi RiverPonce De Leon: Searched modern Ponce De Leon: Searched modern

day Florida for the “Fountain of day Florida for the “Fountain of Youth”Youth”

Amerigo Vespucci: Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci: Italian explorer for whom America was namedfor whom America was named

Hernando de Hernando de SotoSoto

Explored South Explored South Eastern United Eastern United States for Spain.States for Spain.

Also discovered Also discovered Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo VespucciScouted coast Scouted coast

of North of North America for America for Spain.Spain.

First to Say First to Say the New World the New World and Asia were and Asia were different different places.places.

Hernan CortezHernan CortezSpanish Conquistador.Spanish Conquistador.Landed in MexicoLanded in MexicoLaunched out towards Launched out towards the Aztec capital city of the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan.Tenochtitlan.

Cortez and Aztecs.Cortez and Aztecs.

Aztec ruler MontezumaAztec ruler MontezumaMontezuma gave gifts of Montezuma gave gifts of gold to Cortez & his army gold to Cortez & his army thinking they were gods.thinking they were gods.

Cortez kills Montezuma Cortez kills Montezuma and conquers Aztecs.and conquers Aztecs.

CoronadoCoronadoExplored South Explored South Western United Western United States.States.

First European to see First European to see the Grand Canyon.the Grand Canyon.

Jacques CartierJacques CartierFounded French Founded French colony in Canada colony in Canada which is present which is present day Montreal.day Montreal.

Henry HudsonHenry HudsonEnglish navigator and English navigator and

explorerexplorer..Discovered the Hudson Discovered the Hudson

Bay and River for the Bay and River for the Dutch (Netherlands).Dutch (Netherlands).

Established New Established New Amsterdam which later Amsterdam which later became New York.became New York.

MIDDLE PASSAGEMIDDLE PASSAGE

AMERICAS EUROPE

AFRICA

MIDDLE PASSAGEMIDDLE PASSAGE

TRIP COULD LAST UP TO THREE TRIP COULD LAST UP TO THREE MONTHSMONTHS

SLAVES WERE CHAINED TOGETHER SLAVES WERE CHAINED TOGETHER AND KEPT IN THE HULL OF THE AND KEPT IN THE HULL OF THE SHIPSHIP

BROUGHT TO THE COLONIES AND BROUGHT TO THE COLONIES AND SOLD IN CITIES LIKE: WASHINGTON SOLD IN CITIES LIKE: WASHINGTON DC, CHARLESTON, SAVANNAH, AND DC, CHARLESTON, SAVANNAH, AND OTHER COASTAL CITIESOTHER COASTAL CITIES