Age of Absolutism

Age of Absolutism Chapter 16 Warm Up!Journal Entry:Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely."

What do you think the author means by this quote?AbsolutismA political system in which a single ruler has unrestricted powerRise & Fall of Spain

Charles V: Ruler of Two KingdomsCharles V: (1519) King of Spain, & its coloniesRules Holy Roman Empire (Germany) & the NetherlandsRuling 2 kingdoms=constant religious warfareTried to suppress Protestant Reformation & Martin LutherToo much territory to rule effectively. Divided throne among brother & son

I think Ill become a monkAbsolute MonarchyPhilip II: Increased Spains power & influenceStrengthened Catholic ChurchAbsolute Monarch: ruled w/ complete authority over govt & peoples livesDivine right: declared that authority to rule came directly from GodDefended the Church in Protestant Reformation

Spain FightsPhilip II: wanted to expand empire & eliminate rivals/enemiesElizabeth I (England) was greatest Protestant enemyArmada: huge fleet of ships sent to invade EnglandEnglish ships=faster, easier to controlSpanish Armada= defeated after several mistakes

Spanish Armada130 Ships20,000 menArmada= large, but English had smaller, faster shipsPhilip spent so much of Spains wealth on Armada that its failure + inflation ruined Spains economy

Decline of Spains PowerDefeat of Armada=beginning of declineWars=too expensive for Spanish economyColonies not making much moneyGold and wealth decreased

Arts & education became more important in Spain Siglo de Oro Golden centuryDon Quixote: famous Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes

This is very important!

9Decline of Spain

EmpireDividedArmada defeated by EnglandEconomy hurt by expensive warsColonies not making much profitGold & Wealth decreasedhttp://youtu.be/w6_UkLHcdJk

France under Louis XIV

WARM UP!

QUESTIONS:1. Who is in the painting?

2. What do you think is going on in the painting? Take noteof the background.

3. What is the message of the painting? For example, why didthe author paint this?Kings & CardinalsLouis XIV (14th) Became king at age 5, ruled for 72 years Cardinal Mazarin became advisor to strengthen FranceLouis XIV makes himself absolute ruler in France Believed in divine right.Louis XIV= Sun King center of universeNearly bankrupted France by building palace to house 10,000 people

Absolute Rule of Louis XIVEnded Frances legislature (Estates General)Forced nobles to live at Versailles so he could control themBuilt army of 300,000 menRevoked Edict of Nantes 100,00+ Jews & Protestants flee France for religious persecutionMotto= I AM THE STATE!

Strong French FinancesLouis XIV expands French govt control & appointed intendants Collected taxes, recruited soldiers, carried out govt Jean Baptiste Colbert: Minister of Finance supercharged French economyStrengthened commerce & tradeExpanded agricultureCollected taxes to keep Louis XIV living an extravagant lifestyle

Power Palace & Prosperity PlungesLouis XIV transformed a country hunting ground into an extravagant palace named VersaillesBecame a symbol of great wealth & powerDecorated with gold, and statues, & a hall of mirrorsLouis XIV wasted money on poor decisions & costly wars, trying to expand FranceLouis revoked Edict of Nantes & drove 100,000 Huguenots out of France

http://youtu.be/852eroBwDrA

LOUIS XIVLouis XIV Idea WheelParliament in England

WARM-UP!Analyze the following quote from James I of England:The state of Monarchy is the most supreme thing upon earth; for kings are not only Gods lieutenants upon earth and sit upon Gods throne, but even by God himself they are called godsKings are justly called gods for they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine Power upon earthAnd to the King is due both the affection of the soul and the service of the body of his subjects

What does this quote say about Kings?What does this tell you about King James view of himself?What kind of ruler would he be with this opinion?Rulers Relationship with Parliament1485-1603: England ruled by Tudor monarchsBelieved in divine right & working w/ ParliamentJames I: Stuart monarchTook over after Elizabeth IClaimed absolute monarchy, rejected by ParliamentClashed w/ Parliament over moneyClashed w/ dissenters= Protestants against Church of EnglandPuritans= dissenters who wanted to simplify Church & lose BishopsCentury of Revolution1625: Charles I inherits throne= absolute monarchTensions between Charles & Parliament led to civil warEnglish Civil War: 1642-1651Cavaliers: Supported King Charles IRoundheads: Supported Oliver Cromwell/ParliamentOliver Cromwell: leader of Parliament forcesCharles I= BEHEADED!

Cromwells CommonwealthAfter English Civil War, Cromwell abolished monarchy, established a republic called the CommonwealthDid not tolerate Catholics, but allowed Jews back in Promoted Puritan beliefs & ProtestantsPeople got tired of the strict Puritan ruleParliament restored monarchy after Cromwells death Charles II took throneJames II: forced from England for trying to restore Roman Catholic rule, daughter crowned insteadGovt Changes in EnglandEnglish Bill of Rights: gave more power to Parliament than monarchyForced William & Mary to signSaid no Roman Catholic could be King/QueenLimited Monarchy: similar to democracy, says monarchy has to work with legislators (Parliament)Constitutional Govt: British govt defined & limited by written lawCabinet: set of advisors to the monarchEngland still= Oligarchy (ruled by few wealthy)Absolute Monarchy in Russia

Peter the Great & ModernizationPeter= 10 years old when crowned tsarTsar: emperor or king in RussiaWesternization: policy to modernize Russia by adopting Western European ideas, culture, & technologyAutocratic monarch: ruled with unlimited authorityAll Russian institutions under Peter the Great, anyone who resisted= EXECUTED!

Controlling Church & NoblesBoyars: landowning nobles who enforced law, militaryForced to shave beard & wear Western clothesOwned land & used serfs for forced laborPushed social & economic reforms to be more like Europe Increased military strength & extended borders of Russia

Expanding RussiaWarm-Water Port: Would be free of ice year round and would open trade with Western worldCould not defeat Ottoman Empire to gain access to sea portsDefeated Sweden to gain more territory along Baltic SeaSt. Petersburg: new capital for Russian EmpirePeters legacy: modernized Russia, but used terror and force and absolute power

Catherine the Grrrrrreat!Takes throne in 1762Followed in Peters steps & modernized RussiaEstablished state-funded education for both boys and girlsDefeated Ottoman Empire & set up warm water port on the Black SeaAgreed to divide part of empire with Prussia & Austria to avoid war Russia gains Poland in 1772

Absolutism RecapSPAIN: Philip II

FRANCE: Louis XIV

RUSSIA: Peter the Great, Catherine the Great

ENGLAND: James I, Charles I

Activity OptionsCh. 16 sec. 1,2,3,5Storyboard Create a summary of each section in Ch. 16

Visual Vocab

Concept MapAbsolutismSubtitleSection SummaryPictureQuestionSubtitleSection SummaryPictureQuestionSubtitleSection SummaryPictureQuestionSubtitleSection SummaryPictureQuestionWord/TermDefinitionExamplePictureWord/TermDefinitionExamplePictureWord/TermDefinitionExamplePictureWord/TermDefinitionExamplePictureDefinitionCharacteristicsImage/VisualExamplesNon-Examples30