AGARICUS BLAZEI Murrill UN MIRACOL?Prof. univ. dr. Tatiana-Eugenia ESANmembru corespondent al ASAS & Biolog Cecilia NEAMU 12 septembrie 2008A S A SUniversitatea Bucureti - Facultatea de Biologie Centrul de Cercetri MICROGEN

Agaricus blazei MurrillDenumirea speciei de la R.W. Blaze din Grainesville, Florida, n a crui proprietate a fost gsit ciuperca de ctre Murrill (1945) pe pajite (Stamets, 2000)

Considerat specie bun de: Mizuno (2000)Stamets (2000)

Agaricus blazei Murrill, Index of Fungi, IV: 193 (1945)sensu Heinemann, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belgium 62: 365-366, 1993Considerat ca denumire greit folosit (Kerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24)

Prima descriere / denumire:

Agaricus subrufescens Peck New York State Mus. Ann. Rep. 46: 105, 1893 = Psaliota subrufescens Kauff. The Agaricaceae of Michigan 239, 1918 Kerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24

Agaricus subrufescensKerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24

Alte sinonimii (continuare): Agaricus rufotegulis Nauta Persoonia 17(2): 230, 1999 (n Europa) Agaricus brasiliensis Fr. 1830, Wasser, Didukh, De Amazonas & Stamets, Int. J. Med. Mush. 4: 274, 2002Kerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24 Agaricus sylvaticus Shaeffer (Pegler, citat de Souza i colab., 2004)

Regn: FungiSubregn: DikaryaFilum: BasidiomycotaSubfilum: AgaricomycotinaClasa: AgaricomycetesOrdin: AgaricalesFamilie: Agaricaceae

Agaricus blazei Denumiri populare:mushroom of the sun ciuperca soarelui

Royal sun Agaricus ciuperca regal a soarelui, "ciuperca Regelui Soare"

mushroom of the God ciuperca lui Dumnezeu, ciuperca Divinitii/ ciuperca Zeilor

mushroom of life ciuperca vieii

almond mushroom/ almond-flavoured mushroom ciuperca cu miros de migdal

Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM)

Descoperit n pdurile tropicale din Piedade, Sao Paulo, Brazilia de TAKAROSHI FURUMOTO;Ciuperc de cultur alb, cu suprafaa neted, fr scvame;Plria cu neregulariti i o concavitate mic n centru ( de A. bisporus i A. edulis);ciuperca cu miros de migdal - almond mushroom;Termofil, T de sporulare 21-26C; Se dezvolt mai ales n soluri bogate n resturi vegetale, pe fragmente lemnoase provenite din conifere i foioase

Agaricus edulis Bull. nume curent A. bitorquis (Qul.)Sacc. 1887 - bulgre de zpad Ciuperc de cultur alb;Suprafaa plriei neted, cuticula fr scvame;T sporulare 23-25 C;Rezistent la virusuri n cultur

Borgarino & Hurtado(2005)

Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Pilt 1951button mushroomCiuperc de cultur, alb sau crem;T sporulare 12-18C, criofil

Bielli (1999)

Principii activiDerivai de ergosterol (provitamina D2)Poliribonucleotide (ARN dublu catenar)Glucani: - -(1-4)-, -(1-6)-glucan - -(1-6)-, -(1-4)-glucan - -(1-3)-D-glucan, -(1-6)-D-glucan - -(1-4)--D-glucanGlucomanani: -(1-2)-, -(1-3)-glucomananProteoglucaniRiboglucani .a.

Materialul micologic utilizat n tratamente medicale:Corpurile sporifereMiceliul crescut pe medii solide de cultur (semine de cereale, gru, orez, orz)Miceliul obinut prin cultivare submers

Proprieti terapeuticeAciune antitumoral (anticancer)Potenarea activitii sistemului de imunitateAciune antimicrobianReducerea nivelului de colesterol din organismReglarea nivelului glucozei sanguine, aciune anti-diabetAciune hipotensivReducerea arteriosclerozeimbuntirea funciei hepatice, a pancreasuluiIntervenie benefic n bolile alergice (astm .a.)Aciune antiviral, anti-HIV, SIDAReglarea i meninerea homeostaziei

Aciune antitumoral, efect antimutagenPrima semnalare a efectului antitumoral Ikegawa i colab. (1968), citat de Mizuno i colab. (1995)

Prevenirea multiplicrii celulelor tumoraleInhibarea transformrii celulelor normale n celule tumorale Producere de celule ce distrug celulele tumorale (Natural Killer Cells" = NKC)

Inducerea sintezei factorilor pentru necrozarea tumorilor

Formarea interleukinelor i a oxidului nitric de ctre macrofage

Ciuperca A. blazei conine compui chimici care inhib enzima aromataz, cu aciune asociat cu fenomenul creterii celulare

Efectul anticancer (99.4-80.7%) al ciupercii Agaricus blazei comparativ cu alte ciuperci medicinale

Efectul anticancer (99.4-61.2%) al ciupercii Agaricus blazei comparativ cu alte ciuperci medicinale (continuare)

Potenarea activitii sistemului de imunitate

Produce fraciunile polizaharidice 1-3 i 1-6 -glucan, cu efect puternic de potenare a sistemului imun, prin sporirea capacitii organismului de sintez a interferonului i a interleukinelor

Aciune antimicrobian

Speciile genului SalmonellaAciune antiviral previne ptrunderea virusurilor n esuturiAciune anti-HIV, SIDA

Reducerea nivelului de colesterol din organism

Compuii activi din extractul de A. blazei convertesc colesterolul din forma de lipoproteine cu densitate joas (LDL) n cea de lipoproteine de nalt densitate (HDL), nainte ca aceti compui s prseasc ficatul i s ptrund n circuitul sanguinTriterpenele din formaiunile sporifere inhib formarea colesterolului

Reglarea nivelului glucozei sanguine

Scderea semnificativ i stabilizarea concentraiei glucozei n snge la nivel corespunztor tratare diabet zaharat

Alte aciuni:mbuntirea funciei hepatice, a pancreasuluiIntervenie benefic n bolile alergice prin imunoglobulina E Reglarea i meninerea homeostaziei

Produse medicamentoase i nutriionaleCiuperca uscat (supliment alimentar)Extract din A. blazei (concentrat/ slab concentrat)Capsule diferite

Agaricus blazei H1X1 (AgariGold H1X1 Super Mushroom)

Cultivare A. blazei

Prima cultivare n America de Nord anul 1800 (A. subrufescens) (Kerrigan, 2005)Cea mai mare pia este actualmente n Japonia (Stamets, 2000)Asabe Technical Library http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp. (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers St. Joseph, Michigan) http://www.unicombag.com/cultivation/agbl.shtmlUS Patent 5048227 1991 (autori: Okubo Janya, Kuramoto Kazukuni & Ohkubo Shinji)US Patent 6378244 2002 (Iwata Makoto & Furuya Kenji)Higaki i colab. (1997)Mizuno (2000)Stamets (2000)Kerrigan (2005)

Cultivare n America de Nord,JaponiaIsrael, Taiwan,Hawaiii alte zone pe glob

Japonia cea mai mare cultivatoare deAgaricus blazei

Cultivare A. bisporusCea mai cultivat specie de AgaricusVan Griensven (2000)N. Mateescu (2000)Ioana Tudor (2004, 2005, 2007)Asabe Technical Library http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp. (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers St. Joseph, Michigan)http://www.ciuperci.daky.ro/ciuperci_champignon.html

Cultivare A. edulishttp://www.ciuperci.daky.ro/ciuperci_champignon.htmlPuiu Chiinu (2000)Ioana Tudor (2005)

Biologie molecular A. blazeiColauto i colab. (2002) (Random Amplified polymorphic DNA)Kerrigan (2005): Analiza secvenelor DNA a zonelor rDNA ITSAnaliza genetic a hibrizilor interpopulaionaliLectotipificarea pentru Agaricus subrufescens

Bibliografie (1)BORGARINO D., HURTADO C. 2004. Le guide de champignons. disud: 331BORZACCHINI Osmar. Growing mushrooms. The story of the life enhancing Agaricus blazei Murrill (Part 1a), Green concepts company Ltd. A total approach to healthy leavingDIDUKH M.Y., WASSER S.P., NEVO E. 2003. Lectotypification of the name Agaricus subfrutescens Peck (Agaricaceae, higher basidiomycetes). Ukr. Botan. Journ. 60: 494-500FIRENZUOLI F., GORI L., LOMBARDO G. 2007. The medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill: Review of literature and pharmaco-toxicological problems, http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/HAUSKNECHT A. 2002. Agaricus rufotegulis Nauta in Portugal. Rev. Catal. Micol. 24: 225-227HEINEMANN P. 1993. Agarici Austroamericani VIII. Agaricaceae des regions intertropicales dAmrique du Sud. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 62: 355-384

Bibliografie (2)HIGAKI M., EGUCHI F., WATANABE Y. 1997. A stable culturing method of pharmacological effects of Agaricus blazei. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 110(suppl. 1): 98-103KERRIGAN R.W. 1983. History and biology of Agaricus subrufescens. Mush. J. 129 (Sept.): 313-319KERRIGAN R.W. 2005. Agaricus subrufescens, a cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, and its synonymy. Mycologia 97(1): 12-24KIRK P.M., CANNON P.F., DAVID J.C., STALPERS J.A. 2001. Ainsworth and Bisbys Dictionnary of the Fungi, 9th edition, CABI Bioscience, UK: 624 pp.LEY Beth M. 2001. Medicinal Mushrooms for Immune Enhancement: Agaricus blazei Murrill, Discover the Beta Glucan Secret, 36 pp.MATEESCU N. 2000. Ciupercile. Cultura ciupercilor Agaricus i Pleurotus. Ghidul ciupercilor din flora spontan. Ed. MAST: 6-78

Bibliografie (3)MIZUNO T., SAITO H., NISHITOBA T., KAWAGISHI H. 1995. Antitumor-active substances from mushrooms. Food Reviews International 11: 23-61MIZUNO T. 2000. Cultivation of the medicinal ,ushroom royal sun agaricus Agaricus blazei Murr. (Agaricomycetidae). Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 2: 215-220NAUTA M.M. 1999. Notulae ad floram agaricinam Neerlndicam XXXIII. Notes on Agaricus section Spissicaules. Persoonia 17: 221-233PETRE M., BORDUZ L. 2003. Ciupercile medicinale utilizate ]n profilaxia i terapia maladiilor umane grave, Ed. Printech, Buc.: 11-16SOUZA Dias E., ABE C., SCWAN R.F. 2004. Truths and myths about the mushroom Agaricus blazei. Sci. Agric. 61: 545-549STAMETS P. 2000. Growing Gourmet and medicinal mushrooms, Ten Speed Press, 3rd ed.: 208-216STAMETS P. 2000. Techniques for cultivation of the medicinal mushroom Royal Sun Agaricus Agaricus blazei Murr. (Agaricomycetidae). Int. J. of Med. Mushrooms 2: 151-160TUDOR Ioana. 2004. Ciuerci i miceliu. Ed. LUCMAN Buc.: 116-124

Bibliografie (4)TUDOR Toana. 2005. Manualul cultivatorului de ciuperci comestibile. Ed. LUCMAN Buc.: 26-56 (A. bisporus), 57-62 (A. edulis)TUDOR Ioana. 2007. Ciuperci comestibile i medicinale, Ed. LUCMAN Buc.: 272 pp.WASSER S.P., DIDUKH M.Y., de AMAZONAS M.A.L., NEVO E., STAMETS P., da EIRA A.F. 2002. Is a widely cultivated culinary-medicinal Royal Sun Agaricus (the Himematsutake Mushroom) indeed Agaricus blazei Murrill ? Intl. J. Med. Mush. 4: 267-290WHITE T.J., BRUNS T., LEE S., TAYLOR J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: INNIS M.A., GELFAND D.H., SNINSKY J.J., WHITE T.J. (eds.) PCR protocols. A guide to methods and applications. San Diego Academic Press: 315-322* * * 2008. Effect of Agaricus Blazei (Murrill) ss. Heinemann (Sun Mushroom), U.S. national Library of Medicine, U.S. National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 3 pp.

PAGINI INTERNET

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