AG BIO - McKee Structures & Functions The Cell. What is “Cell Theory”? The idea that all living...
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Transcript of AG BIO - McKee Structures & Functions The Cell. What is “Cell Theory”? The idea that all living...
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AG BIO - McKee
Structures & Functions
The Cell
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What is “Cell Theory”? The idea that all living things are made up
of cells.
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What’s so special about cells?
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
Yeast Cells
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Where do cells come from?
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Bean Cells in Mitosis
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Definition of the Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
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Would you like to see some examples?
Even if you don’t, too bad.
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Remember… These are
magnified images taken with microscopes
Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.
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Nerve Cell
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Bacteria Cell
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Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.
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Brain Cell
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Cornstalk Cells
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Mammalian Tissue
•Smooth muscle are structurally the simplest muscle cells
•Provide contractile forces for most internal organs
•Controls flow of blood through vessels and moves food through digestive tract.
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Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic One-celled
organisms
Example: Bacteria
Few internal structures surrounded by membranes
Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab
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Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms
Plant Humans & Animals
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“Typical” Animal Cell
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“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell Parts and Functions
Cell WallPlant, not animal cellsOuter layer, rigid, strong, stiffMade of cellulose
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Cell Parts and Functions
Cell MembranePlant & animal cellsProtects the cellLets things in and out of the
cellLocation: around the cell
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Nucleus Plant & animal
cells Large & oval Control center Location:
Inside the cell, Near the center
Cell Parts and Functions
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Cell Parts and FunctionsNucleolus (Nucleoli)Plant & animal cellsMakes ribosomesLocation: inside the nucleus (dark spot)
Nuclear MembranePlant & animal cellsProtects around nucleusLets things in/out of nucleus (pores)Selectively permeable cell
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Cell Parts and Functions
Cytoplasm Plant & Animal Clear, thick, jellylike Holds all organelles in cell Location: in cell
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Cell Parts and Functions
Chromatin/Chromosomes In Plant & Animal Cells Contains genetic
information/traits Location: In nucleus
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Cell Parts and Functions
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Plant & animal cells Network of tubes and membranes Transports materials and sends messages to all
parts of the cell Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes) Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear
membrane
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Rough E.R.
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Cell Parts and Functions
Ribosome Plant & Animal Cells Makes proteins Small circular shape Location:
In Cytoplasm or Attached to E.R.
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Mitochondria Plant & animal Bean shaped with inner membranes Makes energy/powerhouse Breaks down sugar into energy Location: In Cytoplasm
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Mitochondria
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Cell Structure & FunctionVacuolePlant = few/largeAnimal = smallFluid filled sacsStores food, water &
wasteLocation: In cytoplasm
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Vacuole
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What does a vacuole remind you of?
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Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Located in Plant & Animal Cells Packages and secretes Gets rid of waste Location: in cytoplasm
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What does a Golgi Body remind you of?
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GOLGI APPARATUS
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Cell Parts and FunctionsLysosomePlant & Animal CellsContains digestive enzymesDestroys bacteria, old cell parts…Location: in cytoplasm
CentriolesPlant & Animal CellsHelps the cell to divideLocation: in cytoplasm
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Cell Parts and Functions
CiliaMost Plant, Animal & Bacteria CellsShort hair-like projections Used for movementLocation: outside of cell
FlagellaMost Plant, Animal & Bacteria CellsLong whip-like tailUsed for movementLocation: outside of cell
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What’s that?
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?
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Cell Structures and Functions
ChloroplastOnly in plant cellsContains chlorophyllMakes plants greenTraps light energy from the sunLight Energy = Chemical Energy(Where photosynthesis occurs)Chemical Energy = Food for the Plant
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Cell Structures and Functions
Plastids Found in Plant Cells Stores extra food Located in cytoplasm
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Can you name these plant cell parts?
A.
B.
C.
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Cell Parts and Functions
CytoskeletonAlso called
MicrofilamentPlant & Animal CellsMade of thin hallow
tubesLike a spider webSupports & transports“Super Highway”
Microfilament (cytoskeleton) of mouse embryo fibroblasts, stained with FITC-phalloidin (100-fold magnification.)
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Can you name these animal cell parts?
Cell Membrane
Rough E.R.
Ribosome's
Cytoskeleton or Microfilaments
Mitochondria
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5