AFTER KAHN AT IIM અમદાવાદ - TDL
Transcript of AFTER KAHN AT IIM અમદાવાદ - TDL
AFTER KAHN AT IIMઅમદાવાદArchitecture ThesisRishma Bhatt
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AFTER KAHN AT IIMઅમદાવાદArchitecture ThesisRishma Bhatt
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AFTER KAHN AT IIM
_________________________
Rishma Bhatt
APPROVED:
_________________________ William Truit
Commitee Chair
_________________________Meredith Chavez
Second Reader
_________________________Tamler Sommers
Honors Reader
_________________________Patricia Belton Oliver, FAIADean, College of Architecture and Design
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I could not thank my committee members enough for their tireless effort towards my thesis project. William Truitt, Meredith Chavez, and Dr. Tamler Sommers, I could have not done this without your constant help, assistance, and guidance.
To my parents, thank you for doing everything you could and more. Thank you for never giving up on me and helping me gain a deeper and more profound understanding of my heritage. I owe it all to you.
I would also like to thank my friends, family, and classmates for being there during the entire journey and consistently motivating me to always dream bigger.
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ABSTRACT
The whole complicated design with its brick paved walkway and irregular cut thoughts and medium height brick buildings makes reference not to Ahmedabad, but to another city entirely. ( 303-304, Lesser).
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ABSTRACT
Alexandra Tyng describes her father’s design approach at the Indian Institute of Management as
a combination of building typology and program. Library, classrooms, dormitories and teacher’s
residences are designed as separate objects but are organized ‘around the idea of meeting’ in
Tyng’s words.(Tyng,141) She writes that Kahn is also interested in the ‘pols’ of Ahmedabad, the
semi-public alley cluster of homes for a larger family unit, and sought to bring some of the formal
qualities into the organization of the program elements. The formal geometry of forms and voids
make the reading of the informal pol network difficult to read in the final design, however.
This thesis reintroduces the pol network into the geometric campus in order to project
an urban, hybrid habitation of the isolated university, and investigates the problem of
European design sensibilities grafted onto Gujarati space.
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Prospectus
Analyis IIM POL PUBLIC SPACE & USE MANEK CHOWK
Precedents ADALAJ VAV SABARMATI ASHRAM CEPT UNIVERSITY
Design Concept, Strategy
Drawings and Models
Bibliography
CONTENTS
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PROSPECTUS
This thesis reintroduces the pol network into the geometric campus in order to project
an urban, hybrid habitation of the isolated university, and investigates the problem of
European design sensibilities grafted onto Gujarati space.
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SITE ANALYSIS IIM HISTORY
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AHMEDABAD
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B.V. Doshi initially had been appointed to work on the Ahmedabad campus of the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) in 1961, one of the most select business schools in the country.Since international institutions heavily influence IIM Doshi believed he should also hire an international architect. Doshi was instrumental in the hiring of the American architect Louis Kahn as the lead designer of the business school.
Kahn’s designs are known for their monumentality. The campus organizes itself ‘around the idea of meeting’(Tyng, 135). Kahn’s designs are generally known for their monumentality, and the aspirations of the school and the design sensibilties of the architect are a natural fit. Therefore, many public spaces appear throughout the design. The negative space that the large buildings create become the public spaces. The buildings that compose the main plaza are the Sarabhai Library, the classroom halls, and the lecture halls.
The Vikram Sarabhai Library is the prominent on the campus because of the monumentality. The large geometrical voids are used to filter natural light into the reading rooms.
The entry into the campus is also through a large geometrical void that is cut through the library. The entrance faces the monumental Louis Kahn plaza. The area between the library, classroom buildings, and lecture hall creates the Kahn plaza. The classrooms are organized in a longitudinal building located on the southwest side of the library. Kahn’s idea of designing around the idea of meeting reveals itself in voids that he creates between each classroom. The voids intentionally create space in which students engage with one another as well as professors. The intent to create a campus around the idea of meeting embodies itself in different scales throughout the project.
DORMS
CLASSROOMS
LECTURE HALL
PROGRAM CONNECTIVITY
LIBRARY
PLANNED COURTYARDS
CRICKET
ADMIN
TO CAMPUS ADDITION
IIM HISTORYFormal Connectivity
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LOUIS KAHN PLAZA
CLASSRO
OM
S
LECTURE H
ALL
DO
RMS
IIM HISTORYEntry Sequence
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Kahn incorporates elements of the Gujarati pol
neighborhood network within the IIM campus.
One can see this juxtaposition of program elements
within the tight alley space behind the more iconic or
monumental spaces of the university.
Louis Kahn plaza is a planned space, designed to
read as a pol and informal meeting space amongst the
students. The monumentality of the space makes it read
as a formal space. The plaza is opposite of the library,
main lecture, and classroom buildings making it read
as a university quad. These types of formal plazas are
typically not found in other Indian educational spaces.
Whereas, the space created on the other side of the
classroom building is far less organized giving it a
more pol characterstics.
IIM HISTORYQuads vs. Pols
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KAHN PLAZA
POL 2
POL 1
LECTURE
CLASSROOMS
BOOK
S
There are two different areas in this campus that I
indentify as a pol. Both of these areas share the lack
of monumentality found in the Kahn Plaza. These pols
are are located on the rear of important buildings such
as the main library and dorms.
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IIM HISTORYPol #1
LIVING
LEARNING READING LEARNING
LIVING LEARNING
READING
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Pol 1 is located near the entrance of the campus. It located
between the back of the library and the rear side of some
dorm buildings. This pol is different because it has a ramp that
leads up to a platform that becomes a bridge that connects the
platform with the back of other dorms as well as a network that
overlooks Pol 2.
This particular location serves as a pol because there is no
monumentality or formal program that occurs in this area. This
negative space is defined by the existing formal program that
occurs on the boundries of this pol. Currently, the space ramp
and platform don’t serve as any programmatic elements that
enhance the campus.
IIM HISTORYPol #1
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IIM HISTORYPol #2
LIVING
LEARNING
LEARNING LIVING
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IIM HISTORYPol #2
Pol 2 is located on the rear of the classroom space and the rear of
dorm spaces as well. Pol 1 connects to Pol 2 as well. The space
itself begins as a narrow 13’ alley and slowly expands. This area
directly connects to the campus extension allowing it to have a
heavy pedestrian traffic.
This area is currently has some informal program such as a cafe
space and some seating happening. Since there are some social
gatherings occuring in the negative space, it allows the area to
read as a pol.
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SITE ANALYSIS Ahmedabad +
Pols
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MAJOR CONNECTIVITY WITHIN OLD CITY AHMEDABAD KHADVA POL DIAGRAM POLS WITHIN CEPT UNIVERSITY
AHMEDABAD + POLSOld city Ahmedabad
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A Pol is an urban group of single family residential units and
small streets, shrines and open community spaces (otlas)
(Architecure in Development). In the past, pols were specific
to either caste or occupational groups and family, reinforcing a
close community within the space, rather than forming a structure
based on economic status and individuality.There are roughly 50-
60 family units in a pol.
Socially, pols create a strong network amongst the residents
within the gates. Otlas (open community spaces within the pol)
become spaces where informal socializing take place. Since
pols are made of narrow streets, the otlas automatically become
comfortable shaded spots. These informal meeting spots quickly
become occupied by children to and women throughout the day.
Although most of the pols are made up of housing, there are
important family owned commercial spaces nearby as well.
The business aspect of the pol is also crucial in sustaining the
relationships within the pol, ensuring that all the needs of the
residents are met within the gates. (AID, 2014)
POLSWhat is a pol?
SANSKAR KENDRA
SHOPINFORMAL COMMERCIALSTAND
INFORMALGATHERING SPACE
BASIC AHMEDABAD COMMERCIAL AREASECTION
Pol Network
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Single Pol Network
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Layers of a Pol
Wind Direction
Birdhouses
Living
Living
Gathering Space
Businesses
Courtyards
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The houses within the pol are organized along
a narrow street. Side walls of the house tend
to be shared with neighbors. Most pol housing
consists of wooden structure with certain exposed
brick work. The exterior facade of these houses
are heavily carved wooden elements. The
otla’s also serve as the entry platform into the
homes. In many Hindu households otlas also
become religious spaces as well as social spaces.
The interior rooms also tend to be flexible. They
aren’t designed to be fixed programmatic spaces.
Interior spaces are meant to be easily moveable to
accommodate for changing family compositions and
or for seasonal changes. Flexible spaces are key to
any and all spaces in Ahmedabad’s urban typology.
Pol’s essentially have different programmatic
elements that occur on each level. The ground
floor usually becomes courtyard or business areas
for the occupants. The ground level also usually
has gates that are the main and only access points
into these pols. The higher levels hold homes and
more private gathering spaces.These programmatic
elements can be noted on the image on the left.
SHOPINFORMAL
GATHERING SPACEINFORMAL
COMMERCIAL SPACE
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PUBLIC SPACE & USEManek Chowk
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MANEK CHOWK
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Manek Chowk, a primary city square within the Old
City, is predominantly known for its ability to change
uses throughout the day and week. During the early
morning phase it is a vegetable market, during the
afternoon it becomes a jewerly market, and during
the night the space changes into one of the largest
food markets in the city. Manek Chowk highlights
the informality of public spaces within India,
supporting hybrid uses rather than single occupancy.
The unplanned open space and inherent flexibility is
necessary for daily occupation by Hindu, Muslim, and
Jain populations, all of whom live nearby.
Established in the 1400’s, Manek Chowk survives
and is used today as it was originally as a market. The
ability for Manek to change market type throughout
the day satisfies the needs of multiple demographics of
the city. The transformative nature is key to continual
use in the hyper dense Old City.
On the left, the diagrams portray the different types of
commercial uses there are during the day. It shows the
impermanence of the program on the site.
PUBLIC SPACE & USEManek Chowk Through Time
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PUBLIC SPACE & USEManek Chowk Pictures
https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g297608-d4354656-i238639348-Mankechowk_Night_Eatery-Ahmedabad_Ahmedabad_District_Gujarat.html
https://www.expedia.co.in/Manek-Chowk-Ahmedabad-City-Centre.d6106758.Attraction
https://www.expedia.co.in/Manek-Chowk-Ahmedabad-City-Centre.d6106758.Attraction
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PRECEDENTSAdalaj Vav
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Adalaj Vav, the largest and most well known step
well in Gujarat, was built in 1499 by Queen Rudabai.
The underground well serves many purposes. Built
underground to reach the water table, the steps serve
as a public meeting ground, shaded and cooled away
from the semi arid desert heat above. Adalaj Vav serves
multiple different demographics as well as programs.
A water well for centuries, the structure is secular, a
unique attribute for infrastructure in Ahmedabad, and
a location that women from the neighborhood gather
to socialize. Over time, the monumental underground
architecture becomes a sacred space for multiple
religions. Today, the Vav is a heavily visited tourist
location. (Bhavan, 2019)
Phenomenally, Adalaj Vav is known for the intricacies
of light entering the depth of space. A series of beams
frame an open roof filtering light, although direct
sunlight only reaches the lower levels during some
moments in the afternoon. Tyng infers in her book that
Kahn’s design is influenced by “suggesting the ways in
which rays of filtered light enter some of the space on
the campus (Tyng, 147). Adalaj Vav is a precedent that
describes Kahn’s use of geometry in the means of light
infiltration.
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PRECEDENT Adalaj Vav
Adalaj VavPlan
Adalaj VavSection
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PRECEDENTSSabarmati Ashram
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SANSKAR KENDRA
SHOPINFORMAL COMMERCIALSTAND
INFORMALGATHERING SPACE
BASIC AHMEDABAD COMMERCIAL AREASECTION
PRECEDENT Sabarmati Ashram Drawings
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Sabarmati Ashram Museum, is a memorial musuem
dedicated to Mahatama Gandhi. The ashram was
built shortly before Kahn began his own project
in the region. Similarities can be seen in both the
monumentality of the projects as well as the heavy
brick facade on both projects.
Correa amplifies the simplicity of Gandhi’s lifestyle
by keeping a very simple modular system of 6
x 6 meter spaces that vary between covered and
uncovered. These spaces create an area for pause as
well as informal negative spaces. Even with the very
rigid module, there are places of relief within the
design. Unplanned informal spaces still appear time
to time to break the 6x6 module. These voids become
an opportunity for visitors to take a pause and take in
the architectural experience.(Arch Eyes, 2016)
PRECEDENT Sabarmati Ashram & Modules
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PRECEDENTSCept University
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CEPT (The Centre for Environmental Planning
& Technology) University is located close IIM
Ahmedabad and is designed by Balkrishna Doshi.
CEPT serves as an important precedent because
Doshi is heavily influenced by Corbusier and Kahn
interprets their design with a strong linkage back to
Ahmedabad’s unique typology. Kahn’s influence can
be seen in CEPT’s monumentally in certain areas like
library. Corbusier’s influence is see in how some of the
spaces and buildings are lifted off the ground allowing
for there to be a covered outdoor space on the ground
floor that allows for free movement amongst students.
( AD Staff, 2017)
Multiple spaces in the campus are designed to resemble
a pol. Doshi incorporates the elements of pol typology
by creating tight spaces between buildings that are
easily occupiable. There are also many informal
activities that take place within the campus. Compared
to IIM, CEPT is much more informal campus, giving
students the ability to use outside partially designed
spaces integral to formally planned interior classroom
space. Multiple paved and unpaved courtyards allow
for students to socialize in an intimate manner.
PRECEDENT Cept University & Doshi
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PRECEDENT Cept University/Informal Meeting
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There are certain areas in this campus that read
like as a pol. These areas are narrow spaces created
by the edges of formal classroom buildings.
The campus utilitzes these spaces are informal
gathering spaces by filling them with temporary
art exhbitions and cafe spaces. The ‘pol’ like
areas also have seating which promotes the usage
of these areas.
PRECEDENT Cept University & Pols
When visiting these areas, they were often filled
with students. Areas with characteristics tend
to encourage social gatherings and elevate the
campus experience as well.
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PRECEDENT Cept University & Pols
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PROGRAM
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The program proposes to incorporate dorms,
classrooms spaces and a flexible marketplace. To
accommodate the needs of a growing student body,
IIM’s campus expanded in various directions around
the original. Dorms and classroom spaces are the first
programs that were added in the expansion. Enough
void space exists in the original campus for there to
extra dorms and classroom spaces to be added. This
program proposes to build the dorms, classrooms, and
flexible marketplace within the original campus in the
voids that Kahn’s geometrical design creates.
By adding the dorm and marketplace programs, it
brings pol like characteristics into the university
because it mimics the residential and commericial
relationship that is seen in the Old City. After studying
Manek Chowk and the characteristics of pol housing,
having a flexible and multifaceted space is crucial. The
residential spaces in the pol do not have set programs
for each specific room, they change according to the
needs of the residence. The ability to be transitional is
an important characteristic to bring into the design of
the dorms.
The same applies to the market space as well. Manek
chowk operates throughout the entire day, changing the
program according to what is at need. This marketplace
should accommodate the needs of the students
throughout the day, changing and manifesting into
whatever is of need.
This program proposes also to bring classroom spaces
into the the mixed use. As the university expands the
need of more classroom spaces also increase. In a pol,
the main idea is for all the residents to have everything
they need within the gates of the community, therefore
it also makes sense to add all the program the students
need within the same vicinity.
4 Classrooms
3 Offices
12 Dorms
Flexiable Marketplace
1 @ 1,000 sq ft.
1 @ 1,800 sq ft.
1 @ 130 sq ft.
9,000 sq ft.
PROGRAM Proposed Thesis Program
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DESIGN CONCEPT
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DESIGN CONCEPT Site Constraints
The site is constrained on both sides by existing buildings. The area
that is left in the middle is what I consider as the pol # 2. This site is
constricted by different architectural elements( such as the circular
ramp above) that extends out onto the site. These elements as well as
some of the informal activities occuring in the site make it a dense
area. These constraints are the main reasons as to why the modules
are elevated, It allows for the area underneath to be free and not
cramped.
The site is essentially a long narrow alley that has formal programs
happening on the edges and informal program existing within. This
area of the campus is prodominantly where the most of the social
interacion occurs currently.
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The main organization of this site is meant to follow that one of
a pol. The ground level will serve as public area. As the design
moves vertically, it becomes more private. The ground area
serves as a market space. The site currently engages both the
entry to the orginal campus and also serves as a connection to the
campus extension. It is organized in a very linear manner.
The modules that I impliment all connect to existing living or
learning buidlings. Module 1 contains only dorm rooms that
connect to the existing services. Module 2 and 3 contain both
dorms and classroom spaces. The classrooms connect directly
with the existing classrooms while the dorms connect to the
existing services. Module 4 is all classrooms and connects
directly into an existing classroom. All the modules are also
lifted off the ground allowing the area underneath to serve as
an informal market space. It also allows the areas beneath the
modules to also serve as comfortable shaded social areas.
DESIGN CONCEPT Organizational Strategy
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DESIGN CONCEPT Programmatic
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The site is bordered by classroom and dorms. The negative
space that happens between the two holds existing informal
usage such as a cafe space and some seating areas.
With my project, I propose pushing the existing programs
into my site. My modules contain classrooms and dorms that
connect into the existing service areas. The modules all also
include courtyards. Courtyards are an important characteristic
and they exist throughout most levels of a pol. Therefore, the
dorms and classrooms are broken and separated by interior
courtyards. The co-existing of all these programs within such
a constrained site really exemplifies the notion of a pol.
The elevation of the modules allows for the space under to
serve as a market. The market spaces are also divided into
different purposes. The area between module 1 & 2 serves as
a textile market. Module 3 serves as a cafe space, and module
4 becomes a vegetable market.
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DRAWING AND MODELS
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DRAWING AND MODELS Process Work
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DRAWING AND MODELS Site Plan Parti
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DRAWING AND MODELS Site Plan
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DRAWING AND MODELS Iso Plan
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DRAWING AND MODELS Module Drawing
TEXTILE MARKET
TEXTILE MARKET
CAFE
VEGETABLE MARKET
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DRAWING AND MODELS Module 2 Section
EXISTINGCLASSROOM
EXISTINGDORMS
TEXTILE MARKET
BALCONYCOURTYARD
CLASSROOMMODULE 2
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DRAWING AND MODELS Textile Market
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DRAWING AND MODELS Module 3 Section
EXISTINGCLASSROOM
EXISTINGDORM
LIVING MODULE 3CAFE SPACE PLANTERS
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DRAWING AND MODELS Cafe
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DRAWING AND MODELS Module 4 Section
EXISTINGCLASSROOM
CLASSROOMMODULE 4
COURTYARDMODULE 4
EXISTING DORM
VEGETABLE MARKET
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DRAWING AND MODELS Vegetable Market Perpective
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DRAWING AND MODELS Module 3 + 4 Area
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DRAWING AND MODELS Overall Aereal
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Online Sources“Ahmedabad Pol Houses & Temples, India: Architectural Drawings.” CEPT Archives, http://www.ceptarchives.org/items/ahmedabad-pol-houses-temples-1145.“AID - Pol Houses (Residential Cluster).” Architecture In Development - Homepage, https://www.architecturein-development.org/project.php?id=492.“Www.grandpixels.com. “Architecture of Ahmedabad.” Earthitecture, 1 Jan. 1964, earthitecture.in/architec-ture-of-ahmedabad/.”“CEPT University, Ahmedabad Images and Videos 2020.” GetMyUni, https://www.getmyuni.com/college/cept-uni-versity-ahmedabad-images-videos.“Gandhi Memorial Museum (Sabarmati Ashram) / Charles Correa ArchEyes.” ArchEyes, 15 Sept. 2016, http://archeyes.com/sabarmati-ashram-museum-gandhi-residence-charles-correa/.“Gandhi Memorial Museum (Sabarmati Ashram) / Charles Correa ArchEyes.” ArchEyes, 15 Sept. 2016, http://archeyes.com/sabarmati-ashram-museum-gandhi-residence-charles-correa/.Kroll, Andrew. “AD Classics: Indian Institute of Management / Louis Kahn.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 25 Oct. 2010, https://www.archdaily.com/83697/ad-classics-indian-institute-of-management-louis-kahn.Lesser, Wendy. You Say to Brick: the Life of Louis Kahn. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.“Lost Heritage of Jethabhai Ni Pol.” CEPT Portfolio, https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/archive/lost-heritage-of-jethabhai-ni-pol/.“Manek Chowk - Ahmedabad City Centre Expedia.co.in.” Expedia.co.in, https://www.expedia.co.in/Manek-Chowk-Ahmedabad-City-Centre.d6106758.Attraction.“Manek Chowk Food Court at NIght - Picture of Mankechowk Night Eatery, Ahmedabad.” TripAdvisor, https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g297608-d4354656-i238639348-Mankechowk_Night_Eat-ery-Ahmedabad_Ahmedabad_District_Gujarat.html.Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Discovery of India. Meridian Books.Staff, AD. “BV Doshi Special: Iwan Baan Photographs the Architect’s Most Iconic Architecture.” Architectural Digest India, Architectural Digest India, 30 July 2018, https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/bv-doshi-iconic-architecture-iwan-baan/.
WORK CITED
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REFRENCES
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