African Kingdoms Great Empires. Ghana: Land of Gold / 3rd century A.D. - Berber nomads used camels...
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Transcript of African Kingdoms Great Empires. Ghana: Land of Gold / 3rd century A.D. - Berber nomads used camels...
African KingdomsAfrican Kingdoms
Great EmpiresGreat Empires
Ghana: Land of GoldGhana: Land of Gold
3rd century A.D. - Berber nomads used camels to cross the Sahara
covered 60 miles in a day
traveled up to ten days without water
nomads blazed new routes across the desert and trade increased
3rd century A.D. - Berber nomads used camels to cross the Sahara
covered 60 miles in a day
traveled up to ten days without water
nomads blazed new routes across the desert and trade increased
African Caravan RoutesAfrican Caravan Routes
Gold-Salt TradeGold-Salt Trade
Gold Trade: came from a forest region
south of the savanna between the Niger and Senegal rivers
dug from shafts as deep as 100 feet
sifted it from fast-moving streams
until about 1350, at least 2/3 of the world’s supply of gold came from West Africa
Gold Trade: came from a forest region
south of the savanna between the Niger and Senegal rivers
dug from shafts as deep as 100 feet
sifted it from fast-moving streams
until about 1350, at least 2/3 of the world’s supply of gold came from West Africa
Gold-Salt TradeGold-Salt Trade
Salt Trade: West Africa’s savanna and
forests lacked salt salt was essential to
human life the Sahara contained
deposits of salt Arab and Berber traders
crossed the desert with camel caravans loaded down with salt
Salt Trade: West Africa’s savanna and
forests lacked salt salt was essential to
human life the Sahara contained
deposits of salt Arab and Berber traders
crossed the desert with camel caravans loaded down with salt
Empire of GhanaEmpire of Ghana
800 - king controlled trade
he could demand taxes and gifts from merchants and chiefs of surrounding lands
only the king had the right to own gold nuggets limited the supply of gold
and kept its price from falling
800 - king controlled trade
he could demand taxes and gifts from merchants and chiefs of surrounding lands
only the king had the right to own gold nuggets limited the supply of gold
and kept its price from falling
Empire of MaliEmpire of Mali
1235 - the kingdom of Mali emerged south of Ghana
miners found new gold deposits east of Ghana
the most important trade routes shifted eastward
helped make the people of Mali wealthy and allowed them to seize power
1235 - the kingdom of Mali emerged south of Ghana
miners found new gold deposits east of Ghana
the most important trade routes shifted eastward
helped make the people of Mali wealthy and allowed them to seize power
Mansa Musa and the Empire of MaliMansa Musa and the Empire of Mali
exercised royal control over the gold-salt trade and put down every rebellion
empire expanded to roughly twice the size ofthe empire of Ghana
divided Mali intoprovinces and appointed governors, who ruled fairly and efficiently
his 100,000-man army kept order and protected Mali from attack
went on a hajj to Mecca from 1324 to1325 and on his return built mosques in Timbuktu and Gao
Mansa Musa and TimbuktuMansa Musa and Timbuktu
Timbuktu became a center for learning
attracted Muslim judges, doctors, religious leaders, and scholars from far and wide to its mosques and universities
Timbuktu became a center for learning
attracted Muslim judges, doctors, religious leaders, and scholars from far and wide to its mosques and universities
African Kingdoms
and Empires
African Kingdoms
and Empires
Empire of Songhai
Benin
Great Zimbabwe
Mutapa Empire
Kilwa
Empire of Songhai
Benin
Great Zimbabwe
Mutapa Empire
Kilwa