African GovernmentsKenya, South Africa & SudanSS7CG2aThe structure of modern government in Africa

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY PLEASE WRITE THESE DOWN:• Republic ~Involves the government using and abiding by the constitution

heavily. Personal rights are respected and cannot be taken away. • Constitutional republic ~a state where the head of state and other

officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law. Also, powers are separated. (Ex. U.S.A.)

• Head of state(H.O.S)~ the chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government (President, Prime Minister, etc.)

• Head of Government (H.O.G) ~ is the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government

• President~ chief executive officer of a government; also the head of state.

• Personal freedoms~ freedom of expression, freedom of movement, freedom of press, etc...

3 main ways governments distribute, or share, power . . .

1. federal2. unitary3. confederation

Definition: Central government holds power and shares with regional (if they want)

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

UNITARY GOVERNMENT

Definition: power is SHARED between central government and regional governments

Regional Authority

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Central

Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Definition: Regional has MORE power and shares w/central

CONFEDERAL GOVERNMENT

AUTOCRATIC rule by one

OLIGARCHIC rule by the few

DEMOCRATIC rule by all

CountryType of

GovtHead of

State/Head of

Government (HOS,

HOG)

Who Can Vote?

Degree of Personal

Freedom for Citizens

Year of

Independence from Colonial

Rule

Kenya

Republicwith a one

house National Assembl

y

President =HOSPrime

Minister = HOG

18 and older Limited personal freedoms

(press, speech,

criticism of govt)

1963 from Great Britain

SouthAfrica

Republic with a 2 house

National Assembl

y

President is HOS and is elected

by National

Assembly

18 and older *vote on

members of National

Assembly*

Numerous personal

freedoms, similar to

USA

1910 From Great Britain, but

apartheid did not end until 1994

Sudan

“republic”

But run by a

Dictator as

president

President/Dictator Omar al-

Bashir has all power

When there will be

elections, 17 and older

VERY LIMITED due to

dictator control

1956 from Egypt and Great Britain

Republic of Kenya

Country Type of Government

Republic of Kenya

Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly

Country Head of State

Republic of KenyaKenya had a presidential democracy until the election of 2007. The position of prime minister was established. NOW they have a President=Head of StatePM=Head of Govt.

CountryWho Can Vote

Republic of Kenya

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

CountryDegree of Personal Freedom for

Citizens

Republic of Kenya

Freedoms are written into constitution but gov’t is dominated by the president. There have been improvements in rights recently.

Limited freedom of speech and press and criticism of govt

Country Type of Governmen

t

Head of State

Who Can Vote

Degree of Personal

Freedom for Citizens

Year of Independence from Colonial

Rule

Republic of Kenya

Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly

Kenya had a presidential form of democracy until the election of 2007. The position of prime minister was established. President=Chief of StatePM=Head of Govt.

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

Freedoms are written in the constitution. The new constitution guaranteed many freedoms:freedom of expression, freedom of movement, and freedom from discrimination

In 1963 from Great Britain

Checking for understanding- Stand up or sit down• If you think the statement below is true STAND UP, if you

think it is FALSE, sit down!

• Kenya had a prime minister and a president prior to a recent March 2013 election.

Republic of South Africa

Country Type of Government

Republic of South Africa

Republic, with two-house National Assembly (parliamentary)

Country Type of Governmen

t

Head of State

Republic of South Africa

Republic, with two-house National Assembly

President elected by the National Assembly (legislature) President answers to the National Assembly and may Only serve two five year terms.

Country Type of Governmen

t

Head of State

Who Can Vote

Republic of South Africa

Republic, with two-house National Assembly

President elected by the National Assembly

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

CountryDegree of Personal Freedom for Citizens

Republic of South Africa

Personal Freedoms are numerous.The constitution ensures equality before the law and prohibits discrimination. It guarantees the right to life, privacy, property, freedom, and security of the person, and freedom of speech, religion, assembly and association.It prohibits slavery and forced labor.

Country Year of Independence from Colonial Rule

Republic of South Africa South Africa became independent from Great Britain in 1910. The racially segregated government ended in 1994 when majority rule was established.

Checking for Understanding• Grab a partner (someone at your table)• If you and your partner think the statement is

true, FACE each other. If you and your partner think it’s false, turn your backs to each other!

• SOUTH AFRICA’S president can serve 3 FIVE YEAR terms.

Republic of Sudan

Country Type of Government

Republic of Sudan

Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party (NCP), which seized power by military coup in 1989

*President is a dictator*

Country Type of Government Head of State

Republic of Sudan

A government of national unity was formed with a National Legislature. The government is dominated by the National Congress Party however

President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party.

Current president, Omar al Bashir is considered a dictator

Country Type of Government

Head of State Who Can Vote

Republic of Sudan

A government of national unity was formed with a National Legislature. The government is dominated by the National Congress Party however

President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party.

All citizens 17 years of age or older can vote

CountryDegree of Personal

Freedom for Citizens

Republic of SudanCitizens of Sudan have few real constitutional freedoms unless they are associated with the National Congress Party. Most government position are appointed. Elections are supposed to be held in the near future.

Country Year of Independence from Colonial Rule

Republic of SudanSudan became independent of Egypt and Great Britain in 1956

A little background information on Sudan:• Number #1 on the list of worst dictators is Sudan’s current

president, al Bashir. • Taking power in 1989, al Bashir and his regime abolished the

existing government, suspended the Constitution, restricted freedom of press, and arrested prominent politicians.

• The citizens DID NOT vote for al Bashir; he used his military force to become dictator

East-Central Africa, south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, west of Ethiopia

South Sudan is a republic Capital city is called Juba

The people who live in the region of South Sudan have wanted to be separated for years (since 1800’s)• They do not follow Islam • They do not get along with the other Sudanese

people When Sudan gained its independence in

1956, it was thought that the southerners would be able to participate fully in the government

However, the Arab government did not follow its promises

This led to a revolt • 1955-1972 1st civil war• 1983-2005 2nd civil war

Around 2.5 million people died - mostly civilians - due to starvation and drought

Around 5 million people have been displaced or become refugees

Peace talks resulted in a Comprehensive Peace Agreement -signed in January 2005

As part of this agreement, the south was granted a six-year period of independence

These 6 years were to be followed by a vote on a final status

The result of the vote (held in January 2011) was a vote of 98% in favor of secession

Independence was attained on July 9, 2011

South Sudan is rich in oil reserves However, it is landlocked and there is

not much industry and growth Widespread poverty Govt spends a lot of money to

maintain a large army

Kenya

South Africa

Sudan