Africa & the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade
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Africa &
the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade
Chapter 20
pg. 432-454
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the Sudan(savannas of W. Af)
Swahili Coast (E. Africa)
Asante Dahomey
Kongo
Hausa & Yoruba
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The Atlantic Slave Trade• Portugal established pattern
mirrored by other Europeans– Factories
• First contact based on mutually beneficial trade of goods
• Atlantic slave trade result of historical progression
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Trend Toward Expansion• 12 million Africans shipped on
Middle Passage b/t 1450-1850– 1700s great age of Atlantic slavery
• Sugar = impetus for expansion– Brazil, Caribbean– Demographics perpetuates trade
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Demographic Patterns• Male slaves preferred in Atlantic
• Female slaves preferred in Africa & Middle East
• Trade’s impact on population hotly debated
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Organization of the Trade• Control reflected situation in Europe
• European mortality & complex routes of trade prevented domination by either side
• Triangle Trade
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African Societies
How did the Atlantic slave trade change earlier slave patterns already inherent in African society?
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Slaving & African Politics• Expansion of states & slaving wars
both a cause & result of Atlantic trade – Slaving societies vs. Slaved societies
• Role of the gun ↔ slave cycle
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Asante & Dahomey• Political & cultural development
parallel Europe’s in many ways• Yet economies became increasingly
dominated by slave trade
ex:
↳Asante
↳Dahomey
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East Africa & the SudanE. Af• Area of competing interests:
African, Middle Eastern, European– luxury items & slaves still largely for
Middle Eastern markets
Sudan• Renewed Islamization further
changed culture & intensified slavery
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South Africa• Little affected by slave trade
Whites• Competitive climate for land
– Bantu farmers in interior, Dutch Boers/Afrikaners create coastal outpost but pushed to interior by British colonists
Africans (Mfecane & Zulu)• Shaka Zulu organized militarized tribal expansion
that either unified or destroyed rivals– Clashed w/ Portuguese to East & Boers/British to South– Established patterns b/t Af & Europeans
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The African Diaspora• Diaspora =
• Slavery became vehicle for globalized Africa
Slave Lives• destruction of village → march to
coast → loaded on ships → Middle Passage
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Africans in the Americas• African slaves performed all jobs, but
agriculture dominated
• In places, slaves outnumbered whites creating fear & tighter controls
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American Slave Societies• Slaveholders racially organized society
– Whites– American-born & Mulatto slaves– African-born slaves
• slaves organized society by ethnicity
• African-born slaves were larger part of population in Latin America, thus had greater influence
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People & Gods in Exile• African culture remained important
although fused with other beliefs
– Religion
• Resistance more common in Latin America than N. America
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End of Slave Trade & Abolition• Abolition movements come from
outside forces (Enlightenment)
• Economic self-interest was not major force ending slave trade
– 1807: slave trade abolished– 1888: world slavery abolished
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Global Connections• Africa enters the world economy, for
better or worse
• Africa forced to adapt in ways that weakened it & aided colonization
• Legacy of the slave trade lingers long after slavery was abolished