CHAPTER 25AFRICA AND THE SLAVE TRADE

AFRICAN SOCIETIES

Many kingdoms

Diff. cultures

100 mil.

Religion?

Spirits, nature Genies

Economy?

SLAVERY IN AFRICA

Long tradition

Sources? War, criminals, outcasts

Servants, field, soldiers

Why? Different cultures

ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

Why? Demand Race Historical

Muslims, 8th cent. Portuguese, 15th cent.

Slave trade 1450-1850: 12 mil.

Brazil: 42%

MAP 4.3 Triangular Trade Across the Atlantic The pattern of commerce among Europe, Africa, and the Americas became known as the “Triangular Trade.” Sailors called the voyage of slave ships from Africa to America the “Middle Passage” because it formed the crucial middle section of this trading triangle.

MIDDLE PASSAGE

1-2 monthsBrutalDeath (10-20%)Mutinies

CONDITIONS

Human cargo, profits

MAP 4.2 Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries By the eighteenth century, the system of slavery had created societies with large African populations throughout the Caribbean and along the southern coast of North America.

FIGURE 4.2 Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of the British Colonies, 1650 –1770 Although the proportion of Africans and African Americans was never as high in the South as in the Caribbean, the ethnic structure of the South diverged radically from that of the North during the eighteenth century. SOURCE:Robert W.Fogel and Stanley L.Engerman,Time on the Cross (Boston:Little,Brown,1974),21.

SLAVE SOCIETIES

Dynamic

“AFRICAN-AMERICAN”

Blends Food, cooking Architecture Religion (santeria, vodoo)

SLAVE CULTURE

Traditions Instruments “call and response”

Cumbia Courtship

Jazz, guaguanco

Rumba (today: salsa) Son, guaracha

NO LE PEGUE LA NEGRA

Quiero contarle mi hermano un pedacito de la historia negra, de lahistoria nuestra, caballero

Y dice asi:Uhh!Dice!

En los anos mil seiscientos, cuando el tirano mandolas calles de Cartagena, aquella historia vivio.Cuando alli llegaban esos negreros, africanos en cadenasbesaban mi tierra, esclavitud perpetuaEsclavitud perpetuaEsclavitud perpetua

Un matrimonio africano, esclavos de un espanol, el les daba muy mal trato y a su negra le pego

Y fue alli, se revelo el negro guapo, tomovenganza por su amor y aun se escuchaen la verja, no le pegue a mi negraNo le pegue a la negraNo le pegue a la negra

REBELLIONS

Maroons Palmeras Suriname

Santo Domingo (Haiti) French Major uprising, removed slavery from

society

BUCCANEER

“Boucaniers”

1500-1700

Loot

Henry Morgan

CONSEQUENCES

High mortality, low fertility

War, violence

Population loss Africa

Capitalism

PERSPECTIVE

Change Consequences Contributions