Africa and the Middle East

1945-Present

African Nations Gain Independence

• How did African nations achieve independence in the years after World War II?

• Mau mau• Apartheid

African Independence

Post Colonial Africa• What challenges faced African

nations after Independence? • Political Trends in Post-Colonial Africa

• One Party Rule and Military Dictatorship- Strong leaders seize power and set up one party rule

• Ethnic Conflict and Civil War- Borders drawn without consideration of ethnic homelands

• Struggles with Democracy- Many African countries began to turn to Democracy in the 1990’s.

Nationalism in North Africa and the Middle

East

• What were the effects of the rise of nationalism in North Africa and the Middle East?

• Suez Canal Crisis• Egypt signs arms deal with

Czechoslovakia• US and Great Britain help with

Aswan High Dam• Egypt supports raids vs. Israel• Egypt takes control of Suez

Canal• Great Britain, France and

Israel attack Egypt to take back canal

• Egypt is militarily defeated• Arab Unity• Hostility between Israel and

Arab countries

Conflicts in the Middle East• What were the causes

and effects of regional conflicts in the Middle East?

• OPEC• Islamism• 6 Day war- 1967• Yom Kippur War- 1973• Camp David Accords• PLO• Iranian Revolution- 1978• Iran-Iraq War- 1980• Persian Gulf War- 1990• Iraq War- 2003