AFIS

7/21/2019 AFIS

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/afis5695d0651a28ab9b02924a0f 1/16

Advanced Fibre Information System

INTRODUCTION

In textile industry raw material and the most dominant factor as it

contributes 50-75% in total manufacturing cost. In quality conscious scenario,

quality of raw material plays a ital role. !ut the quality of raw material is

decided by measuring its properties. "ow measurement through con entional

techniques is ery laborious, time consuming. #ence the researchers focus their

attention towards the in entions of such instrument, which gi es accurate and

quic$ result and one of the wonderful de elopment is &I' - d anced fibre

information system.

C.O.E.&T., Akola (

7/21/2019 AFIS



BASICS PRINCIPLE

)he &I' method is based on aeromechanical fibre processing,

similar to opening and carding, followed by electro-optical sensing and then by

high speed microprocessor based computing and data reporting as shown in &ig (.

C.O.E.&T., Akola *

7/21/2019 AFIS



fibre sample is introduced into the system and is processed

through a fibre indi iduali+er, which aeromechanically separates the sample intothree components consisting of cleaned fibre, microdust and trash. ach of these

component is transported in a separate pneumatic path and may be analysed

electro-optically or by other means. )he data processing and reporting are handled

by an industriali+ed .

&I' pro ides basic single fibre information and is distinguished

from earlier and existing methods by pro iding distributions of the basic fibre

properties. )hese distribution measurements pro ide more accurate, precise and

basic information about fibre.

C.O.E.&T., Akola /

7/21/2019 AFIS



CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF

INSTRUMENT

Fibre individualizer

)he fibre indi iduali+er &igure *1 uses unique cleaning and

separating techniques to present the fibres pneumatically to the electro-optical

sensor. )he fibres are opened and cleaned using specially designed, pinned and

perforated cylinders, which are similar to open end spinning beaters and stationary

C.O.E.&T., Akola 2

7/21/2019 AFIS



carding flats. irflow into the perforations of the cylinder allows for thorough

engagement and efficient dust and trash remo al. specimen of fibre is hand teased into a sli er-li$e strand and is

inserted into the feed assembly. It passes between a spring-loaded feed roll3feed

plate assembly and is engaged by the pinned and perforated cylinder. )he fibres

are combed and carded4 dust is released and remo ed through the perforations in

the cylinder. )rash is released after the carding action by the counter flow

separation slot. #ea y trash particles are separated from fibres and transported out

of the system, whereas, the smaller dust and fibres are returned to the cylinder

aerodynamically by the air drawn into the slot, thus the term counter flow slot .

secondary stationary flat is used to further clean and comb the fibres. )hey are

then directly transferred to a second cylinder. second counter flow slot

remo es additional trash. Its counter flow air is used to transport fibres out of the

system after a final combing from a third stationary carding flat. )he separated

components cleaned fibre, microdust and trash1 are transported along three

different production paths.

Fibre individualizer motor/Motor controller

6ersions / and 2 units ha e a separate dri e motor for fibre

indi iduali+er. )hese brushless motors are noiseless in operation, allow for

C.O.E.&T., Akola 5

7/21/2019 AFIS



direct monitoring and control of the motor speed, and are easier to ser ice and

replace. )he brushless motor has its own motor controller board whichmonitors and controls and motor speed. )he motor speed can be ad8usted by a

potentiometer located on the board.

Feed motor/Motor controller

6ersions / and 2 units feed belts and feed rollers are dri en ia

worm gear with a stepper motor. )he motor speed is ariable from (20 steps3sec

to (((9 steps3sec. )he feed motor controller is a motor dri er that accepts pulses

and direction information from the control board. )he initial direction of the

stepper is determined by the orientation of the motor:s 7-pin plug on the controller.

If the direction is bac$ward after installation, re erse the plug.

Sliver detector

)he sli er detector is located between the feed tray and feed plate.

Its function is to signal the control system when sli er is being presented to the

indi iduali+er and when sli er is no longer present. )he sli er detector consists of

an infrared ; source and detector.

uring operation, the sli er fibre specimen1 passes between the

source and detector :brea$ing the beam which signals the control board to slow

C.O.E.&T., Akola 9

7/21/2019 AFIS



the feed rate to the sampling speed. <hen the trailing end of the sli er passes

through the source3detector the beam is made once again. (5 second delay istriggered to allow the remaining sli er to continue processing through the system

before the end of sample sequence is initiated by the control board.

Electro o!tical "en"or"

)he electro-optical -=1 sensors consist of three basic elements

tapered entrance and exit no++les on 6ersion 2 lint sensor a single piece

accelerating no++le beam forming and collection optics. )he detection circuitry

&igure /1.

C.O.E.&T., Akola 7

7/21/2019 AFIS



Indi iduali+ed fibres and neps1 are transported pneumatically from

the fibre indi iduali+er by an air stream. )hey enter the .=. sensor through anaccelerating no++le which straightens, separates, and aligns the fibres in proper

orientation to the source detector. )he fibres penetrate a collimated beam of light

and scatter and bloc$ that light in proportion to their optical diameter and in direct

relation to their time of flight through the sampling olume.

>enerally, rectangular wa eforms are produced by the light scattered

by indi idual fibres &igure 2a1. "ep signals are much greater in magnitude and

duration and generate a characteristic nep spi$e &igure 2b1. )rash particles

produce smaller spi$ed wa eforms, which are distinguishable from neps in

magnitude and duration.

&rom these wa eforms, which are microseconds in duration, the

pertinent data are acquired, analy+ed and stored in the host computer.

istributions based on si+e, length or diameter can be generated.

C.O.E.&T., Akola ?

7/21/2019 AFIS



DATA ANAL#SIS

I$ Len%t&" b' nu(ber )n$

&ibre length by number is the length of the indi idual fibres. )his

method measures the length of each fibre and places them into length categories.

)hese categories are added together to obtain the length measurement for short

fibre and a erage or mean length. ;ength by number measurements are pure

C.O.E.&T., Akola @

7/21/2019 AFIS



measurements that are not influenced by the weight of the fibres. )ypically this

means that the length by number results are always shorter than the same sampletested using the by weight method. In textile processing it is recommended that

the length by number be used to determine machine and equipment settings and

also to determine fibre damage as represented by short fibre content. Instrument

such as the &I' is capable of pro iding the length by number information.

II$ AFIS Tra"& data Anal'"i"

Table * AFIS tra"& data anal'"i"

Ter( De+inition)otal count ll particles counted)rash count ll particles larger than 500 microns

ust count ll particles less than 500 microns)otal foreign Aatter )&A1 alculation of total foreign matter'i+e erage si+e of all particles in microns

)he &I' trash data printout report all the information listed in

)able. In addition it has a histogram that classifies the particles into 50 micron

channels. )he graph has dar$er coloured bars for the trash particles that are larger

than 500 microns. )he trash count is gi en for each particles si+e channel. )here

is also a cumulati e percentage gi en to show how many particles are in each of

the channels from 0 to (00%. )he histogram is the typical &I' )rash module

printout.

C.O.E.&T., Akola (0

7/21/2019 AFIS



)he d anced &ibre Information 'ystem &I'1 was de eloped to

measure traditional fibre neps entanglements1 often times called mechanical neps.

recent brea$through de elopment has furthered the technology for classifying

neps into two categories fibre neps and seed coat neps. &I' nep classification is

the newest addition to the modular &I' system pro iding a more detailed

summary of nep type imperfections from ginned cotton through carded and

combed sli er.

C.O.E.&T., Akola ((

7/21/2019 AFIS



III$ Seed coat ne! detection (et&od*

s illustrated in &igure , the fibre indi iduali+er separates the sample

into three main componentsB lint, trash and dust. )he lint channel contains fibres,

short fibres, mechanical neps and seed coats with fibres attached. )he trash

channel contains trash, dust, some fibre fragments and ery large seed coats with

little or no attached fibre. )he seed coats, which, remain with the fibre during

C.O.E.&T., Akola (*

7/21/2019 AFIS



opening are termed seed coat neps by the &I'. )hese are masses that are most

li$ely to remain with the good fibre during the textile opening, cleaning, cardingand combing processes. ;arge seed coats, termed seed coat fragments, are

collected in the trash port of the &I' and are more easily remo ed from the fibre.

)he &I' nep classification module counts and si+es seed coat neps. )he

classification module is able to identify the distinct electrical wa eforms produced

by fibres, fibre clumps, seed coat neps, etc. )his impro ed nep module uses a

digital signal processor ' 1 to classify all incoming wa eforms and to calculate

nep si+e. &igure illustrates a typical nep wa eform and the alues extracted by the

standard nep module. &igure illustrates the same signal analy+ed by the '

system. )he ' system is capable of recording and analy+ing all information

contained in the nep signal, therefore pro iding better information about the

sample characteristics. )he classification software compares each sampled

wa eform to a standard wa eform to determine which classification it most

resembles. )hese standard wa eforms are based on models of seed coat neps and

mechanical neps tra eling through the sensor and are erified on numerous

simulations using manually introduced fibre neps and seed coat neps.

AFIS APPLICATIONS

(1) Card nep analysis :-

C.O.E.&T., Akola (/

7/21/2019 AFIS



"eps are created by mechanical handling and cleaning of cotton

fibres. ue to fibre indi iduali+er pro ided inside the machine we can analy+eneps hence we can chec$ nep in carded or combed sli er.

(2) Card wire maintenance analysis :-

<e can 8udge the grinding frequency required for card wires by

appropriate chec$ing of sli er quality on &I' instrument.

( ) !en"t# applications :-

($) !en"t# analysis o% comber to &'F:-

)his instrument pro ides the data on histogram i.e. in form of fibre

distribution so it will gi e accurate idea about length.

( ) ras# application :-

!y using this instrument we come to $now the exact amount of trash

present in material so that we can decide the material is suitable for processing or

not.

AD,ANTA-ES

(. #igh degree of accuracy, which gi es precise results.

C.O.E.&T., Akola (2

7/21/2019 AFIS



*. )esting speed is high.

/. It a oids laborious time wor$ needed for measurement of nep count.2. )he results are free from human and machine error.

5. It can analy+e process performance.

CONCLUSION

*(st century will be ruled by quality and cost consciousness for

sur i al and progress. ery mill will ha e to follow the path of quality. It is only

possible y using ad ance, effecti e, reliable as well as quic$ testing instrument and

as the name suggest, ad ance fibre testing instrument surely fulfils all these

requirement.

BIBLIO-RAP.#

(. )on Car$ey D >ordon <illiams, fibre testing mill applications of E') F

&I'

*. G. . !ooth - textile testing

C.O.E.&T., Akola (5

7/21/2019 AFIS



/. &ibre testing - )I Aarch - (@@?.

C.O.E.&T., Akola (9

AFIS

Documents

Transcript of AFIS