Aff case copy 2

Plan AC-just governments ought to ensure food security for its citizens

I affirm.

A Interpretation: The aff has the right to formulate policy making issues

B violation: The neg might make arguments as to why policy actions are bad.

Note- This is preempted just in-case the negative actually says that policy actions

are bad

C is the standards:

1. Effective clash- When students debate about issues that are happening within the

status quo and effect everyone of our lives, it allows them to look into a more critical

point of view as if they were implementing a policy creating more effective clash within

debate rounds because of all the issues happening in the status quo, there are a variety

of topic areas that both competitors can decide and which strategies to take with direct

refutation. Ineffective clash prevents debate from being what debate is really supposed

to be and policy making ensures that.

2. Education- Exploring issues associated with the policy world promotes better education

inside and outside the debate community because of the amount of correlation it has

with other classes in school for example world geography. Allowing debaters to engage

in policy events allow students to learn from these actions that are happening inside the

status quo and have a broad mind and keeping up to date with events that effect their

lives

3. Debating about current issues throughout the world- Policy actions are debated based

on current events which forces students to explore issues happening in the status quo

and debating about issues that actually effect their daily lives.

All in all, substance should take priority throughout this whole debate, if not, it is a

violation of effective clash and taking policy actions are good.

4. Real World Education Debating about policy actions is more real world so debating

about it increases education. Reading more topic literature about a specific policy action

increases awareness and education about what is happening in those countries and how

to fix those situations

D voter- Vote on education- Education is important because it is one of the prime outcomes of debate. When education is being hurt, one of the whole purposes of debate is

being destroyed by education. It is better for education to run policy actions

Next is framework

Ought implies a moral obligation and the resolution is a question of moral principles so I value morality. This is the best value

for this round because it clearly defines how a just government must act. Therefore, any negative value automatically

collapses into the affs value of morality because all actions and values are based on the concept of what is moral or not ie


libertarianism collapses to morality because no one can have legit rights granted by libertarianism without those rights being

moral.

The standard is maximizing well-being. 3 warrants. One- policies must maximize expected well-being Woller1 97

Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of economic or political resources, such that one group's gains must come at another group's ex- pense. Consequently, public policies in a democracy must be justified to the public, and

especially to those who pay the costs of those policies. Such [but] justification cannot simply be assumed a priori by invoking some higher-order moral principle. Appeals to a priori moral principles, such as environmental

preservation, also often fail to acknowledge that public policies inevitably entail trade-offs among competing values. Thus since policymakers cannot justify inherent value

conflicts to the public in any philosophical sense, and since public policies inherently imply winners and losers, the policymakers' duty [is] to the public interest requires them

to demonstrate that the redistributive effects and value trade-offs implied by their polices are somehow to the overall advantage of society. At the same time, deontologically based ethical

systems have severe practical limitations as a basis for public policy. At best, [Also,] a priori moral principles provide only general guidance to ethical dilemmas in public affairs and do not

themselves suggest appropriate public policies, and at worst, they create a regimen of regulatory unreasonableness while failing to adequately address the

problem or actually making it worse.

Two-issues within the status quo concerning food security never maximizing well-being. The

policy issues which are being presented imply a dramatic shift in the status quo in order to

ensure well-being which is what a just government must do.

Three- The negative has no ground on maximizing well-being because they have to prove the

clear negation of the resolution in the first place and negation means that they have to defend

that just governments ought not to ensure food security which is in no way moral or maximizes

well-being because it denies people the way of life. If they in any form maximize well-being,

then you default to the affs framework because I maximize well-being under comparative

worlds in an aff world to alleviate the negative impacts of food insecurity

Next, I define just government as a basic government with the basic features ie a leader of

some sort and with all the just features to make a government. Just in this case means that a

government has the bare minimum in order to set up an institution. Under this definition, you

could consider that North Korea is a just government as well as someone like USA. If the

government has a foundation and necessary governmental parts, then in the aff world, it is a

just government.

Contention 1 is inherency: Somalia is experiencing a major food crisis due to

lack of food security

Buisness Standard 14(http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/somalia-s-food-security-crisis-expected-to-worsen-un-114070700702_1.html)

War-torn Somalia is sliding back into an acute hunger crisis with parts of the capital facing emergency levels just short of famine, the United Nations warned today."Somalia's food security crisis is expected to worsen over the next several months following poor performance of the major rainy season, shrinking humanitarian assistance and access, increasing malnutrition, conflict and surging food prices," the UN's Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU) said. The warning comes three years since over 250,000 people, half of them children, died in a devastating famine. In

Mogadishu, the UN said the crisis is expected to spiral into "emergency" phase, just one step short of famine on its classification scale of

1 Gary Woller [BYU Prof., An Overview by Gary Woller, A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10]


hunger. Prices of grain have already soared by up to 60 per cent since March in some areas, FSNAU added.

Contention 2 is the harms:

A- Famine leads to death which Somalia is on the brink of Mokyr and Grada 02 -

-http://irserver.ucd.ie/bitstre

am/handle/10197/449/ogradac_article_pub_037.pdf?sequence=3) Two broad classes of causes were responsible for augmented mortality during famines. The first is directly nutrition-related, and includes some cases of actual starvation. More often, however, victims of this class succumb to nutritionally sensitive diseases brought on by impaired immunity, or to poisoning from inferior foods that would have been discarded in normal times. The other is indirect: death is caused by the disruption of personal life and the normal operation of society resulting from famine, but was not the

B- The rebel groups of Somalia have increasing influence due to lack of food security

Times of Malta 14 (http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20140623/world/kenyan-jets-hit-al-shabaab-bases-in-somalia-kill-80.524709-Monday, June 23, 2014, 15:51-no author)

Officials and diplomats have said towns cleared of Al Shabaab are in a dire sta\te in Somalia, with food stocks emptied and largely abandoned by their inhabitants, creating what one envoy described as "ghost towns". They say al Shabaab still controls tracts of countryside, making it difficult for supplies to be moved to the towns. Somalia's government is struggling to impose order since the AU peacekeepers, backed by Somali troops, drove al Shabaab out of the capital Mogadishu in 2011. More than two decades of conflict have left Somalia in ruins, while al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab has continued guerrilla-style attacks and suicide bombings.

Thus the plan: The US will intervene inside Somalia to prevent a food crisis by

ensuring food security

Contention 3 is solvency: USA solves the Somalia crisis best due to wide range of

food security policies it can implement

USAID 14 (http://www.usaid.gov/somalia- Last updated: July 01, 2014)

Since 1991, Somalia has essentially been a collapsed state. The social costs of war have been enormous, leaving Somalia with some of the lowest human development

indicators in the world. In 2011 and 2012, the worst drought that East Africa has seen in 60 years led to famine in southern Somalia, uprooting thousands of families and

putting millions at severe risk. Food security has improved, largely driven by humanitarian assistance from

USAID who is working to increase stability and reduce the appeal of extremism in

Somalia through programming that fosters good governance, promotes economic

recovery and growth, offers youth skills training, and works to increase social

cohesion through improved community with government relationships. Our programs are

planned and carried out with local partners in the context of Somali culture and values

USA is capable of solving for Somalian crisiss


Advantage 1- Plan contains Al-Shabaab presence who are one of the root causes

of the Somalian crisis-proven by drone attacks on the militants

Reuters 14 (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/01/us-missile-kills-top-al-shabab-commander-2014127144648535712.html)

A senior al-Shabab commander who masterminded a wave of suicide attacks by the armed group has been killed in a US missile

strike, two Somali security officials said. Both sources and a Somali government spokesman named the target as

Ahmed Mohamed Amey, a chemicals expert also known as Isku Dhuuq, Reuters news agency reported. The intelligence officials said Amey was killed

alongside his driver on Sunday. A US official said the missile strike occurred in a remote area near Barawe, a coastal rebel

enclave that was the site of a failed raid by American commandos in October targeting a fighter known as Ikrima. It was not clear if the missile was launched from a drone. The

security sources said Amey was close to al-Shabab leader Ahmed Abdi Godane, who since taking charge in 2008 has restyled the group as a global player in the al-Qaeda

franchise - a transformation that was highlighted when it killed at least 67 people in an attack on a Kenyan shopping mall in September. Late last year, the US

military deepened its involvement in Somalia, sending a handful of officers to Mogadishu to

help advise and support Somali forces and AU troops, who have been battling al-Shabab

since 2007These attacks have proven that USA has been successful so far in containing al-

Shabab and attacking one of the core purposes of the Somalian food crisis

Advantage 2- Plan prevents the increase of the famine

Wolf (Byron Wolf-ABC news reporter-http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/07/famine-in-africa-what-is-the-us-doing/)

Finally, with famine reaching epic levels in many areas, and rising food prices elsewhere, al Shabaab, the

radical Islamist group that rules much of Somalia, agreed to allow aid in. The United Nations sent its first emergency aid flight last week. The United States has

provided more than $383 million in emergency food assistance to the region since

October, resulting in the distribution of more than 347,720 metric tons of food aid,. But al

Shabaabs restrictions have allowed only a fraction of it $43 million to reach victims in Somalia. That figure includes last weeks $21 million contribution of 19,000 metric

tons of emergency food rations through the United Nations World Food Program. Somalia has been without a central government now for two decades and law and order is

enforced in most areas outside of the capital of Mogadishu by al Shabaab, which has ties with al Qaeda. Two years ago Shabaab expelled foreign aid groups, accusing them of

undermining the strict Islamic state it seeks to build in Somalia. The timing could not have been worse as rainy season after rainy season began to fail, plunging an already food

insecure region into famine. Desperate Somalis now trek for weeks to reach refugee camps in neighboring Kenya and Ethiopia, where the situation in the host community is not

much better. The refugees risk violence from armed groups along the way. Many have had to bury children who starved to death before reaching the relative safety of the camps.

Yet despite the dangers of travel and the dire conditions in the camps themselves, thousands of Somalis continue to stream across the border each day. The United States Agency

for International Development quotes humanitarian agency estimates that about half of the children younger than 5 who arrive at the Dolo Ado transit center in Ethiopia are

malnourished. They quote relief group estimates that nearly one in five of children between 6 months and 5 years of age residing in refugee camps in northern Kenya are

severely malnourished. Although the United Nations sent in a first shipment of aid to Somalia last week, other private groups are reportedly reluctant to follow suit, worried about the tenuous

security situation in the country and unsure about al Shabaabs promises. The U.S. State Department, however, said earlier this month that it would take al Shabaab at its word and test its

willingness to cooperate. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton last week directed her staff to explore what was needed to head off a humanitarian catastrophe, her representative

told reporters. The United States Agency for International Development has mobilized its

disaster emergency response teams to identify aid priorities and coordinate assistance

arriving in the region. USAID has also set up a task force to oversee the effort from its

Washington, D.C., headquarters.


Since the US is donating a lot of money for aid to Somalia and already increasing its influence

to help mitigate the crisis it has the best ability to prevent the famine

A- Food security solves to prevent famine

Fraser 13 (Monday, 24 June 2013 | developing countries, farming | Evan Fraser | Add comment http://www.foodsecurity.ac.uk/blog/index.php/2013/06/want-to-feed-nine-billion/)

First, many people argue that if we want to avert apocalyptic famines, we are going to need about 50-100%

more food by 2050 to keep up with demand. And this will require new science to give farmers the

tools they need to boost harvests. But while this may be true, we cannot continue to repeat the mistakes of the last 50 years where we have

allowed industrial monoculture that depend on fossil fuel to dominate our croplands. Rather, whats required is to develop new types

of partnerships between farmers and scientists to help develop locally

appropriate solutions to local problems. This is especially true for small scale African

farmers, many of whom only produce about 20% of the food they could (see Figure S4a for

maize for example pdf) due to a lack of soil nutrients, good quality seeds, and better

Underview

A) Plan is topical- US is a just government and is justified in intervening in

other countries conflict in order to ensure well-being and security for its

citizens because of its hegemonic figure, it has a duty to increase food

security and alleviate as many negative impacts as possible and both US

and Somalia both meet my definitions of a just government.

B) I defend implementation of the plan because the plan implies

C) Aff gets RVI- because of time skew in that the neg gets more speech time

during rebuttals to skew my ground as well. Whereas I have only a 4 minute

and 3 minute rebuttal which in it is hard to cover the whole list of

arguments within that time.

D) All theory violations must be clarified during CX- 1. Fair ground- I need to be

fully aware of what ground the negative is taking with pre-fiat implication

and that means it is unfair if I dont have an idea what position they are

taking on theory.


A/T imperialism K 1. Turn- Imperialism is good

2. Imperialism solves for poverty much better than the negative does


A/T Counterplan to any other country


A/T just govts dont violate rights 1- The plan doesnt violate rights, it actually increases it by ensuring food security to everyone in

Somalia

2- Under my definition, a just government is a government with only the concrete features to

formulate a government. So a just government is a true government theoretically. No they dont

violate rights-its more of a step in the right direction. Since a jus government can be any

government, if they implement a policy that will benefit their people they are assumed to be

just ie since north korea is a just government under my definition and if they implement a policy

of food security, then it is a step in the right direction in order to be even more just than they

are right now


A/T food sovereignty counter plan 1. Perm the counter plan- food sovereignty and food security are not mutually exclusive


A/T

Aff case copy 2

Documents

Transcript of Aff case copy 2