Afaas presentation __accra sc week july 2013

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African Forum for Agricultural Advisory Services 6 TH AFRICA AGRICULTURE SCIENCE WEEK & FARA GENERAL ASSEMBLY Dr. Silim M. Nahdy – Executive Director 18 July 2013 Accra International Conference Centre –Accra Ghana www.afaas-africa.org EXPERIENCES FROM AFAAS

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Transcript of Afaas presentation __accra sc week july 2013

Page 1: Afaas presentation __accra sc week july 2013

African Forum for AgriculturalAdvisory Services

6TH AFRICA AGRICULTURE SCIENCE WEEK & FARA GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Dr. Silim M. Nahdy – Executive Director

18 July 2013

Accra International Conference Centre –Accra Ghana

www.afaas-africa.org

EXPERIENCES FROM AFAAS

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1. AEAS in Context

Three-quarters of the world's poorest billion people live in rural areas– Depend on agriculture for their livelihoods

Rural poverty linked to untransformed agriculture

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Africa’s Performance in Global Development

Context contd….

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AEAS in Context ….• AEAS are front line actors in upscaling KIT

and agr. innovations• AEAS therefore play a significant role in;

– increased agric. productivity,– agricultural transformation,– improving food and nutrition security,

and– ultimately reducing poverty

YET AEAS is inadequately emphasized and funded

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2. National AEAS

Originally extension conceived as a service to “extend” research-based knowledge to rural sector to improve their livelihoods;–Traditional - focus on increasing

production, improving yields, training farmers, and transferring technology

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The Traditional Extension???

HAS BEEN SEVERERLY CHALLANGED IN THE CURRENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

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Broad Challenges …….

• Global developments affecting EAS:– globalization– market liberalization and market focus– privatization– decentralization and devolution– natural and man-made disasters– rural poverty and food insecurity– climate change – Use of ICT– HIV/AIDS epidemic

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Generic Challenges in the Governmental Extension (Public)

• Weak/inadequate Policies • Role conflict• Inappropriate legal setup and structure• Top down messages and quality control• Finance by budgets (input), not linked to tasks and

outputs • Inappropriate content & blanket recommendations• Lack of efficiency and inadequate flexibility in a

learning environment• Capacity and inappropriate training

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3. Refocusing AEAS

• AES roles evolving in wake of Challenges …… • Key transformation and reforms embeds AES

in the value chain and innovation systems.• National AEAS in Developing Countries

undergone major changes in the past two decades ……– And continues to evolve based on

context

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Refocusing AEAS… AES re-defined

– Originally conceived as a service to “extend” research-based knowledge to improve the lives of rural farmers

– Now goes beyond technology transfer to facilitation; beyond training to education, and includes assisting farmer groups to form and organize, dealing with marketing and financial issues, and partnering with a broad range of service providers and other agencies

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PRODUCT INNOVATION PROCESS INNOVATION

• Building social capital: Helping

men and women farmers organize into

producer groups to increase market access

& other needed services

• Achieving Long- term food security by using sustainable land, soil, water & other NRM practices

• Increasing farm-household income

by helping small-scale men and

women farmers learn how to produce

and market high- value food

products

• To achieve national food security the primary target group will continue to be small-scale male farmers since they produce these crops in most countries Technology

transfer, especially for the staple food crops

Training farmers how to

intensify & diversify their

farming systems

Training farmers how to

organize into producer and

self-help groups

Training farmers how to use sustainable NRM practices

Training rural women how to improve family nutrition and use improved family planning, hygiene and health care practices

Improving Rural LivelihoodsMaintaining National Food Security

PRODUCT INNOVATION PROCESS INNOVATION

Refocusing …Comprehensive Agricultural Extension System

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5. Status and Reforms in AEAS in Developing Countries

AEAS weak , mainly due to many years of public neglect. However;• Reforms are being undertaken;

– Policies, strategies, institutions, methodologies, tools

• Use of several models for different situations• New approaches emerging based on

experimentation, learning, and adaptation• Partnerships for varied skills and competencies

emerging

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Status and Reforms……Reforms include use of• pluralism in service delivery • decentralization/devolution, • privatization, contracting in and out, • cost-sharing, fee-for service• demand-driven/participatory approaches,• use of ICTs • accountability to farmers who have role AES

performance• Innovations systems approach

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Status of reforms ……Reforms and CAADP Pillar iv - FAAP

• The Framework for African Agricultural Productivity, (FAAP) – Pillar IV of CAADP provides above as some of key principles to guide the reforms.

• Although many SSA countries, in paper, are committed to the reforms, how that takes place, however, is another matter.

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Examples of Country Reforms • Ethiopia: Public agricultural extension system• Ghana: Early adopter of liberalization, pluralism

and privatization policies for extension services• Kenya: Pluralistic extension and demand driven• Malawi: Towards Pluralistic Demand Driven

Services• Mozambique: Pluralistic and demand driven

extension system • Rwanda: Developing a local service provider

capacity•  Tanzania: Decentralized pluralist market-oriented

research and extension system• Uganda- Pluralistic Advisory Services, Private

Public Partnerships driven –

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6. Evidence for Successes and Failures of Extension Models

• In general, extension shown to have significant and positive effects on knowledge, adoption, and productivity.

• A review of 48 studies of extension found the majority (36) had significantly positive results.

• Studies of rates of return, generally, showed very high numbers (between 13-500%).

• Highest payoffs in developing countries .

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7. Agricultural Extension and Advisory Service policies

• A major problem of organizing AEAS in developing countries is absence of legal and policy frameworks for providing the service

• A sound agricultural policy is indispensable to guide the key players involved in AEAS

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Forms of AEAS Policy• Decrees and Proclamation • Provisional Extension Policies• Legislated extension policy

It is important to note that countries that have enacted extension policy through legislative action tend to have well-organized, financially stable extension systems that have sustained effectiveness and a cumulative impact (Hanyani-Mlambo, 2000).

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Forms of AEAS Policy Contd………..

• Decrees and proclamations: These are policies issued by the head of state which does not go through the process of consultation and debate involving various stakeholders and beneficiaries

• Provisional Extension Policies: This is the most common form of extension policy in most developing countries. In the absence of more formalized extension policies, or at the time when the formally enacted policy has been suspended, a provisional or ad hoc policy comes into play

• Legislated extension policies are embodied by the country’s highest law-making authority (e.g., congress or parliament). Countries that have enacted extension policy through legislative action tend to have well-organized, financially stable extension systems that have sustained effectiveness and a cumulative impact

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8. Key undertakings

• AFAAS engagement in CAADP agenda– Science Agenda for African Agriculture ; – Capacity Strengthening in Post-Conflict & Protracted

Crises Countries– Guidelines of integrating AEAS in CAADP– Tropical Agricultural platform

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Information & Knowledge Management• Three Symposia organised; Third symposium co-

organised with FARA• A website, & a virtual social networking platform; • A conceptual framework for lesson learning developed;• A guide for Piloting Market Oriented AAS;• Study on targeting Women Advisory Service Providers in

Capacity Development Programmes;• Study on how issues of Climate Change are being

addressed in AAS• Capacity building for CIKM facilitators• EAS Policy dialogue and support – Sudan/S, Liberia,

Zimbabwe, Uganda, DRC.

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Establishing and Supporting Country Fora

• AFAAS membership 37 African Countries • Country Fora are a backbone of AFAAS• Supporting AEAS Country Fora

SDC Support in Benin and Ethiopia- Good Progress and continued mentorship

GFRAS – BMGF : Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda ; also Botswana and Mozambique

IFAD Support - Burkina Faso, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Uganda

MDTF - More countries will be supported

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Linkages and Partnerships

• GFRAS- Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services• FARA• SROs; ASARECA- MoU signed and CORAF, CCARDESA to be

formalized• NRI- Natural Resources Institute - climate change Learning • CABI International- Plantwise ( Plant Clinics)• Icipe- up and out scaling innovations and technologies• Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) –

climate change esp. adaptation and capacity of community works

• Joint projects formulation with universities and SCOs

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Linkages and Partnerships… contd• Helvetas , FANRPAN, Agridea International – Post Harvest

Management Project for SSA( Mozambique and Benin) – on going

• INNODEV- Knowledge Management component• COMPACI- Competitive Africa Cotton Initiative • TEAM- Africa -Tertiary Education in Agriculture Mechanisms • RUFORUM• NAFE• KIT- Royal Tropical Institute on MOAAS• CTA- on Knowledge Management - discussions

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Thank you

[email protected]

http://www.afaas-africa.org

http://networking.afaas-africa.org