AFA Regional Workshop: Building our Agenda for Farmers in Forested Landscapes

Scaling Up Community Forestry

Reymondo A. Caraan

Senior Program Officer, Securing Community Forestry

RECOFTC, The Center for People and Forests

August 2-3, 2015, Yangon, Myanmar

=

Seeing people through the trees

The ‘Bundle of Rights’

Project Southeast Asia

Southeast Asian Studies Symposium 2014

“Southeast Asia in Transition”

22 – 23 March 2014,

Keble College, University of Oxford

Community forestry =

all aspects, initiatives, science, policies, institutions, and processes that increase the role of all local peoples—including

women, youth and disadvantaged groups—in governing and managing

forest resources

Why Community Forestry?

2.1 Forest tenure concepts

WHAT IS THE CURRENT STATUS OF COMMUNITY

FORESTRY IN ASIA ?

2.1 Forest tenure concepts BUNDLE OF RIGHTS

‘Bundle of Rights’ in ASEAN ‘Social Forestry’Length of Tenure

Access Use Management Exclusion AlienationTimber & NTFPs for domestic use. 15 years – renewable

Permits and royalties for commercial use State can reclaim

CPAProtected Forest (MoE)

YesNTFPs from Sustainable Use Zone. Commercial use of timber prohibited

Yes No No 15 years

Protection forest – NTFPs

Production forest – timber and NTFPs

Protection forest – NTFPs Production forest – timber and NTFPs

degraded forest 30–40 years barren forest 40–60 years remote areas 40–70 years

Sabah, Malaysia

SF ProjectsFMUs in Commercial Reserve

Yes Alternative livelihoods projects and development of basic infrastructure

Local communities consulted

unclear No No tenure

MyanmarCommunity Forestry

All state forest YesCollection and sale of forest products for domestic use without taxes.

YesYes, but in practice, weak

Can be inherited 30 years – renewable

CBFMA non- transferableCSC transferable

Collection of dead wood & NFTPs.

Felling timber is prohibited in natural forests

Collection of dead wood & NFTPs. Renewable.

Felling timber is prohibited in natural forestsDuration set by government committee

CFM – LURCProduction & non-critical protection

YesPlantation forest – all products can be sold without restrictions

Yes YesRent, transfer, mortgage & inherit

50 years

CFM – FPC Protection YesDry fuel wood & some NTFPs. May be limited depending on protection function.

unclear Yes Not permitted for communities

1 year contracts. Extendable for up to 5 years

Vietnam

25 years – renewable DENR retains significant authority

No Unclear

Community Land Use Permit

State forest land except PAs

Yes Co-management Yes No

Limited use rights in PAs and watershed reserves

Yes Yes

Thailand

Community Forestry

State forest land except PAs

Yes Yes Unclear

Philippines CBFM All state forest Yes

Collection & sale of some NTFPs. Small amounts of timber for domestic use in Production Forest.

Yes No NoLao PDR Village Forest Any state forest Yes

35 years. Can be extended based on evaluation.

Hutan DesaProtection & Production

Yes Yes unclear No35 years. Can be extended based on evaluation.

Yes Yes No

IndonesiaHKm

Protection & Production

YesParticipate in management board

Yes No

CambodiaCFM

Production Forest (MAFF)

Yes

Country SF Model Forest Type Bundle of Rights

(data from RECOFTC 2014)

2.1 Forest tenure concepts BUNDLE OF RIGHTS

YES

YES

BUT

LIMI-TED

YES

YES,

SOME NOT

CLEAR

LAOS NO

NO

EXCEPT MYANMAR

Current CF Status v Targets

(from RECOFTC 2014)

Current CF Status v Targets

(from RECOFTC 2014)

Target Areaha % forest land ha

Cambodia 183,725 1.80% 2 million 2010 - 2029 9%Indonesia 143,065 0.11% 2.5 million 2011 - 2016 5%Lao PDR Not available Not available n/a n/a n/aMalaysia Not available Not available n/a n/a n/aMyanmar 42,148 0.13% 919,000 2001 – 2030/31 4%Philippines 4,128,212 26.12% 9 million 1997 - 2008 45%Thailand 500,000 2.23% n/a n/a n/a

Vietnam 3,809,320 25.08% 4 million 2006 - 2020 95%Sum 8,806,470 3.50% 15,919,000 -          69%

Country

Area covered by OfficialAgreements

Target Period % Achievedin 2013

CF Target – Myanmar, 2001-2030

% Achieved:

4%% Achieved:

100%

CF Target – Indonesia, 2011-2016

% Achieved:

5%% Achieved:

100%

CF Target – Cambodia, 2010-2019

% Achieved:

9%% Achieved:

100%

CF Target – Philippines, 1997-2008

% Achieved:

45%% Achieved:

100%

CF Target – Vietnam, 2006-2020

% Achieved:

95%% Achieved:

100%

Current CF Status v Targets

(from RECOFTC 2014)

Targets v Forest Area v CF

(from Bampton 2015 [in press])

CountryDesignated forest area (ha)

Forest area target for CF (ha)

Area of formally recognised CF (ha)

% designated forest that is targeted for CF

% designated forest area that is CF

% CF target area realised

Cambodia 10,363,789 2,000,000 183,725 19.30% 1.77% 9.19%

Indonesia 130,680,000 2,500,000 143,065 1.91% 0.11% 5.72%

Myanmar 31,773,000 919,000 42,148 2.89% 0.13% 4.59%

Philippines 15,800,000 9,000,000 4,128,212 56.96% 26.13% 45.87%

Vietnam 15,188,740 4,000,000 3,809,320 26.34% 25.08% 95.23%

CF in ASEAN

(data from RECOFTC 2014)

Total Land Area = 435,405,300 = 100%

Forest Land Area = 252,535,074ha = 58%

Forest Area = 199,975,262ha = 46%

Official Community Forest

8,806,470ha

2%

CF Development v Deforestation

Forest in ASEAN

(thousands of hectares, from RECOFTC 2014)

Why is community forestry developing slowly?

What can we do?

CountryDesignated forest area (ha)

Forest area target for CF (ha)

Area of formally recognised CF (ha)

% designated forest that is targeted for CF

% designated forest area that is CF

% CF target area realised

Cambodia 10,363,789 2,000,000 183,725 19.30% 1.77% 9.19%

Indonesia 130,680,000 2,500,000 143,065 1.91% 0.11% 5.72%

Myanmar 31,773,000 919,000 42,148 2.89% 0.13% 4.59%

Philippines 15,800,000 9,000,000 4,128,212 56.96% 26.13% 45.87%

Vietnam 15,188,740 4,000,000 3,809,320 26.34% 25.08% 95.23%

1 3 4 5

CF establishment & management

Additional sub-components

Needs assessmentIdentification - communities & forests

Institutional development

ResearchCF membership networks

Review

Course & materials development

FormalizationEnterprise development

M&EMulti-stakeholder networks & learning groups

Clarification

Training / coachingManagement planning

PES & climate change mitigation

Database & mapping

National CF working group

Revision

ImplementationClimate change adaptation

Communication & outreach

Regional & global networking (e.g. ASEAN)

Budget allocation, sustainable financing and investment

Alternative livelihoods

NETWORKS & LEARNING GROUPS

POLICY & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

DEVELOPMENT

2COMMUNITY FORESTRY

DEVELOPMENTTRAINING

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT &

COMMUNICATION

Community Forestry can make it happen

Wealthy rural communities & healthy forests……

Thank you

www.recoftc.org