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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals Author: Mark Lombardi, Agilent Technologies
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
2
Agenda
• Introduction• RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points• Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband• Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains) • Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)• Agilent Products and Q&A
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
3
Spread spectrum communication systems
Satellite systems
Radar systems
Ultra-wideband (UWB)
Working with Greater Than 100 MHz BWs?
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Target ApplicationsRF R&D, Signals > 100 MHz in BW
• Aerospace/Defense• Sat Com, Radar, Secure Communications,
UWB
• Emerging Wireless Communications • WiMedia UWB
R&D, Digital Design on Communication Systems
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
5
Agenda
• Introduction• RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points• Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband• Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains) • Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)• Agilent Products and Q&A
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Transmit Path
T/R Switchor Duplexer
DriverPower Amp
Pwr/Burst Cntrl
D/A
90
0 PhaseSplitter
QuadratureModulator
90
0 PhaseSplitter
QuadratureDemodulator
Upconverter
A/D Channel Equalizer & Decoder
Channel Encoder & Spectral Shaping
DSPSpeech Encode
Speech Decode
RSSI
Receive Path
LNA Downconverter
AGC
PLL
N x Synthesizers
Memory
Tx VGA
Rx VGA
AGC
Controller
ApplicationsUser Interface
ProtocolHW Control
PCI / USB100 base T
Basic Digital Radio (SDR) Architecture
A/D
D/A
D/A
D/A
D/A
A/D
BasebandRF IF DigitalADC/DAC
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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89600 Configurations
Infiniium Series Oscilloscopes(Today’s Focus)
Agilent Design Simulation Software
Spectrum Analyzers
Logic Analyzer
Vector ComplexSignal Generator
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Greater Analysis Bandwidth• Up to 13 GHz (26 GHz BBIQ)
Performance• Low noise, good dynamic range, flat response
Measurement Flexibility• RF, IF, baseband - time/frequency/modulation measurements
• Over the air, direct in circuit probing (single ended/differential)
• Multi-channel measurements (correlation, BBIQ, MIMO)
• Open architecture (Windows® XP, MATLAB®)
Expanding Measurement Applications for Scopes
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
9
Agenda
• Introduction• RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points• Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband• Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains) • Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)• Agilent Products and Q&A
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
10
Narrowband vs. Broadband Communications
Narrowband:• Cellular systems, wireless LANs
• Narrow spectrum (<40 MHz)
• High dynamic range signals (>60 dB)
• Measure with spectrum analyzers and VSA tools
Broadband:• Ultra-wideband (UWB), WiMedia MB-OFDM, radar,
satcom
• Wide spectrum (>100 MHz)
• Reasonable dynamic range signals (<40 dB)
• Measure with oscilloscope and VSA tools DSO80000B Series Oscilloscope
N9020A MXA/VSA
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Bandwidth, Dynamic range, Noise• Scope dynamic range < spectrum analyzers dynamic range
• Scope dynamic range improved by over-sampling and band passing
• Uncorrelated noise floor (dynamic range) can be improved, but deterministic noise floor (spurious free dynamic range) can not
• Spectrum analyzer analysis bandwidth < scope analysis bandwidth• Spectrum analyzers bandwidth is increased by sweeping tuner
• Wide bandwidths can be displayed but spread data cannot
Spectrum Analyzers and Oscilloscopes
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Agenda
• Introduction• RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points• Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband• Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains) • Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)• Agilent Products and Q&A
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
13
• Noise Floor• Magnitude and Phase Response • Dynamic Range• Aliasing• Input Range• Memory Depth• Harmonic Distortion
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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• Noise/spurious • Noise often listed as the major concern when
using a high speed 8 bit digitizer• Spurious free dynamic range (correlated noise)
• Noise floor (uncorrelated noise)
• Eight bits equals 256 Q levels or 0.4%, absolute effect of the A/D converter is a sub percent error.
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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• Review noise calculations• Noise density (dBm/Hz) = 10 Log{[(Noise (rms)^2/ 50
ohms)/1mW]/(BW)}
• Noise floor = Noise density x input bandwidth
• Noise floor = Noise (dBm/Hz) + 20 log (BW)
• What is the noise performance of a PSA? • About –150dBm/Hz
• What is the noise of a scope? • About 300uV at a BW of 1 GHz (DSO8104B), or –147dBm/Hz.
• About 400uV at a BW of 12 GHz (DSO81204B) or -154dBm/Hz.
Example: VSA80000 Series Performance
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Noise Floor: A Function of Bandwidth
The noise figure is fixed, but the noise floor and bits are not. Over-sampling and filtering reduce noise
@12GHz bandwidth
σ= 406uV/p-p = 4.3mV
@10GHz bandwidth
σ= 365uV/p-p = 3.6mV
@6GHz bandwidthσ= 278uV/p-p = 2.8mV
@1GHz bandwidthσ= 153uV/p-p =
1.6mV
Noise reduction control panelNoise reduction control panel
DSO81204B Example
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Example, VSA80000 Series PerformanceMagnitude and Phase Response
Agilent DSO81204B/DSO81304B
-6.0-5.0-4.0-3.0-2.0-1.00.01.02.03.04.05.06.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Frequency (GHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Scope 12GHz Scope 13GHz
• Scopes only specify a flatness specification of -3db point (BW of scope)
• Good time-domain response necessitates good magnitude and phase response
• Near brick wall filter design
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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• Dynamic Range• Going beyond generalized
calculations based on bits
• Differentiating noise sources
• “In-band” measurements
• “Out-of-band” measurements
• Harmonic Distortion• Second and third
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
Wideband off the air capture of wireless signals at IDF one foot from UWB signal, tens of feet from any other RF source
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Dynamic RangeMag
Freq
Single tone (ideal sine wave, ideal FFT)
DC
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Dynamic Range (Spurious Free)
-50 dBc
Mag
Freq
Single tone (clean sine wave) + spurs
DC
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Dynamic RangeMag
Freq
Single tone + random noise
-40 dBc
DC
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Dynamic RangeMag
Freq
Single tone + correlated spurs + random noise + over-sampling and filtering
-20 dB
-40 dBc
DC
-50 dBc
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Dynamic Range (Spurious Free)Mag
Freq
Single tone (clean sine wave) + spurs + 2nd and 3rd harmonics + over-sampling and filtering
-40 dBc
DC
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Dynamic RangeMag
Freq
OFDM modulated signal + spurs + 2nd and 3rd harmonics + over-sampling and filtering
> -40 dBc
DC
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Dynamic Range (-72 dBc)
Real world example:DSO801204B
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Spurious Free Dynamic Range (Spurs)
Real world example:DSO801204B
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Full Span FFT of MB-OFDM
Real world example:DSO801204B
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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• Range• Oscilloscopes most sensitive range is 3 mV/division or about
–30 dBm signal full scale, practical limits about –65 dBm
• Memory• Can be a concern, holding sample rate above Nyquist rate of
the analog bandwidth provides best performance
• Aliasing• Can be misleading when not understood, very useful when
understood• “Mathematical down-conversion”• Memory conservation
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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The Final Measurement Results on Real Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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The Final Measurement Results on Real Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 3 GHz, -30 dBm (Conducted)
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 3 GHz, -30 dBm (Probed)
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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InfiniiMax I & II 1.5~13GHz Probing System:
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 3 GHz, -60 dBm (Conducted)
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 321.4MHz IF (Conducted)
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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QPSK, 150 MSym/s (Baseband IQ)
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Agenda
• Introduction• RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points• Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband• Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains) • Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)• Agilent Products and Q&A
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Select Number of Segments and Time Stamping
Acquired Bursting Signal with Segmented Memory
Use Play/Search Controls to Navigate Through Segments
Analysis Across Segments to Spot Problems
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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New N5430A User Defined Function
• “Enhance Infiniium oscilloscope with seamless gateway to powerful MATLAB analysis functionality”
• The N5430A user defined function allows users to embed IP into Infiniium.
• Develop custom analysis math/functions utilizing MATLAB functionality specific measurement needs.
• User defined function displays returned result in “live” on the scope display.
• Note: Users must obtain their own MATLAB license
An example of a FIR filter simulation. The red box shows returned value updated live on a scope display.
LFE filter function example with RTEye plotting turned on
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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InfiniiScan: Event Identification Beyond Conventional Triggering
• Works like hardware triggers • Uses post-process search• Types of searches:
• Specified Measurement• Zone Qualify (2 sizeable zones)• General Serial Pattern (up to 80 bits)• Non-Monotonic Edge• Runt Signal Finder
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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InfiniiScan: Event Identification Beyond Conventional TriggeringZone qualify
“must / must not pass” zones
General serial software trigger
can isolate events up to 80 bit
Runt software finder finds runt signal
Non-monotonic edge finder
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Unique Fault Location Decoding Capability
Real-time eye using clock
recovery Eye mask “unfold” on
failures 8b/10b decode, search, & triggering
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Measurement Histograms, Trends and Spectrum
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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MB-OFDM UWB Analysis • Analyze WiMedia-based multi-band
OFDM ultra-wideband PHY-layer signals
• Supports all time frequency codes (TFC1 through TFC10), including FFI (non-hopped), TFI and TFI2 (hopped) modes
• Measure key WiMedia-based compliance parameters such as EVM, ACPR, frequency error, PDF, along with many other parameters key to debug and optimization of radio designs.
• Measure conducted (WiMedia radio C&I) or radiated (products with integrated antenna)
Individual carrier
ACP calculation markers and limit lines
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Vector Modulation Analysis for Radar & Satellite• Characterize wideband radar and satellite communications signals
• Capture up to 13 GHz bandwidth in a single acquisition
• Measure pulsed, burst, or continuous signals
• Analyze modulation formats suchas FSK, GFSK, MSK, BPSK, QA, APSK, VSB, and more
• Measure constellation diagrams, carrier offset, and frequency error using flexible demodulation
Modulation analysis of a QPSK signal
RF multipath signals analysis
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Software Applications CommentsE2681A EZJIT Jitter Analysis Measurements, histograms, measurement trending, jitter spectrum
N5400A EZJIT Plus Jitter Analysis Adds jitter separation into components and bit error rateE2690B M1 Oscilloscope Tools Most advanced and flexible jitter analysis package
E2688A SDA Serial Data Analysis Clock recovery, mask testing, real-time eyes, 8b/10b decode & triggerN5414A InfiniiScan Event ID (NEW!) Event identification SW: glitch, serial, zones, measurement limits,
89601A Vector Signal Analysis Ultra-wide-band, multi-port vector signal analysis.N5391A Low Speed SDA Decode, search & trigger on I2C, SPI low speed serial bus protocols
N5402A CAN Serial Data Analysis Decode, search & trigger on CAN serial bus protocol.N5416A USB Compliance Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5392A Ethernet Compliance Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.Fire-Wire Compliance FW compliance solution from 3rd party partner.
N5394A DVI Compliance Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.N5399A HDMI Compliance Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5393A PCI Express Compliance Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results. N5413A DDR2 Clock Characterize. Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5409A Fully Buffered DIMM Wizard based test framework as aboveN5410A Fiber Channel Comp. Wizard based test framework as above
N5411A Serial ATA Compliance Wizard based test framework as aboveN5412A SAS Compliance Wizard based test framework as above
N5430A User Defined Function Seamless linkage to MATLAB to support custom functionsN5403A Noise Reduction DSP noise reduction capability
E2625A – Comms Mask Test Kit Low speed electrical mask testing for ANSI and ITU standardsE2699A My Infiniium Customize Infiniium user interface to launch 3rd party executables
E2682A Voice Control Option Hands free operation of the Infiniium oscilloscope
Jitter
Analysis
Compliance
Utilities
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
47
Conditioning RF Signals for Envelope Measurements
PULSEDPULSEDRADARRADAR
JitterSource
Pulse Envelope
Trigger
Ch1
InfiniiumOscilloscope
PRI Reference
Crystal Detector
Using PRI reference to trigger scope and get the jitter of pulse envelope.Need a crystal detector to get pulse envelope from RF/MW radar signal.
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
48
Conditioning RF Signals for Triggering
Low trigger jitter required
PULSEDPULSEDRADARRADAR
JitterSource
Pulse Envelope
Ch1
Trigger
InfiniiumOscilloscopeCrystal Detector
Using pulse envelope to trigger scope and acquire RF/MW radar signal.Need a crystal detector to get pulse envelope from RF/MW radar signal.
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
49
Agenda
• Introduction• RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points• Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband• Infiniium Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains) • Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)• Agilent Products and Q&A
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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VSA80000 Series Complete System:• 89601A VSA software is pre-installed, licensed,
and operation verified
• Include any scope or VSA options to customize to your needs
• Launch the VSA software from scope UI (Analyze menu pick)
• Configurable to turn-on as a UWB VSA or a scope (Utility menu pick)
• Comes with 12 months free VSA software update subscription to keep up-to-date
• GSA listed
• 10 MHz reference
Enable means boot up as a VSA
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
51
It’s an Ultra-Wideband VSA, not Just a Scope:• Save time by not having to install and license the VSA software
• Eliminate procurement issues of not being able to buy a scope or software
• The front panel label identifies it as a VSA80000A UWB VSA
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
52
VSA 80000 Series• Provides wideband analysis
for RF R&D engineers requiring >80MHz bandwidth. Up to 13 GHz bandwidth.
– Ultra-wideband (UWB)
– Aerospace/defense—radar, secure communications, satellite
• Natural extension for digital R&D engineers already using a scope, working on communications systems
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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VSA8000A Series (Infiniium DSO and 89601A VSA SW)
Model DSO 80204B
80304B 80404B 80604B 80804B 81004B 81204B 81304B
Bandwidth 2 GHz 3 GHz 4 GHz 6 GHz 8 GHz 10 GHz 12 GHz 13 GHz
# of Channels 4 Channels
Sample Rate 20 GSa/s on Full Channels (3 or 4), 40 GSa/s on Half Channels (1 or 2)
Noise(rms at 100 mV/div)
1.0mV 1.2 mV 1.4 mV 1.7 mV 2.0 mV 2.3 mV 2.7 mV 3.3 mV
Max Serial Bus Rate
1.3 Gbs 2 Gbs 2.5 Gbs 4 Gbs 5 Gbs 6.6 Gbs 8 Gbs 8.5 Gbs(10Gbs for jitter measurements)
Base Price $30,000 $38,000 $48,000 $65,000 $75,000 $90,000 $105,000 $115,000
Optional Memory
1 M (.25M standard) on Full Channels, 2 M (.5M standard) on Half Channels +$6,000 (Includes 64 M up to 4 GSa/s)
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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VSA80000A Series• Provides wideband analysis for RF
R&D engineers requiring >80MHz bandwidth up to 1 GHz bandwidth.
– Ultra-wideband (UWB)
– Aerospace/defense—radar, secure communications, satellite
• Natural extension for digital R&D engineers already using a scope, working on communications systems
• Deep memory up to 128 Mpts enables long time capture at max sample rate for best demodulation
Model Bandwidth Channels Sample Rate Max MemoryDSO8104A 1 GHz 4 ch 4 GSa/s 128 MptsMSO8104A 1 GHz 4+16 ch 4 GSa/s 128 Mpts
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
55
6000 Series Scope + 89601A VSA SW Solution• Provides low cost (starting at $4,500)
wideband (>100MHz) signal analysis for RF R&D engineers. Up to 1 GHz bandwidth.
– Education
– Ultra-wideband (UWB)
– Aerospace/defense—radar, secure communications, satellite
– Provides flexible in-depth digital modulation analysis (opt AYA). Up to 1 GHz bandwidth.
• Deep memory up to 8 Mpts enables long time capture at max sample rate for best demodulation
• External PC required to run VSA software.
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Summary
• Radio advancements are changing testing needs
• Infiniium Series scopes provide world class digitizing performance for RF applications
• New scope measurement capabilities aid A&D design and debug
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Module G2—Digitizing and AnalyzingUltra-Wideband Signals
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Q&A
Learn more at www.agilent.com/find/vsa80000
www.agilent.com/find/uwb
Thank you